缺血性脑卒中患者血清中Hcy、D-二聚体、血脂水平变化及临床意义

目的对于临床中收治的缺血性脑卒中患者,探究其血脂、Hcy与D-二聚体水平改变情况及其存在的价值作用。方法本次研究随机挑选2019年1月～2020年1月到院治疗的275例缺血性脑卒中患者与同期275例健康者进行研究,其中275例健康者作为对照组,275例缺血性脑卒中患者作为观察组,其中包括120例无斑块亚组与155例斑块亚组。分别对对照组和观察组患者的血脂水平、Hcy水平及D-二聚体水平进行检测并加以比对,同时比较无斑块亚组和斑块亚组Hcy和D-二聚体水平变化情况。结果与对照组相比较,观察组患者血脂中HDL-C水平显著偏低,而TC、TG、LDL-C、LPa、ApoA1和ApoB水平显著偏高,Hcy和D-二聚体水平显著偏高(P0.05);与斑块亚组相比较,无斑块亚组患者Hcy和D-二聚体水平显著偏低(P0.05)。结论临床中患有缺血性脑卒中疾病患者,其Hcy水平、D-二聚体水平及血脂水平均处于增长状态,针对以上三项指标进行检测可为后期的治疗以及诊断提供可靠的参考依据。     

Relevance to Home Blood Pressure Monitoring Protocol of Blood Pressure Measurements Taken Before First-Morning Micturition and in the Afternoon

Background

The importance of measuring blood pressure before morning micturition and in the afternoon, while working, is yet to be established in relation to the accuracy of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM). Objective: To compare two HBPM protocols, considering 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (wakefulness ABPM) as gold-standard and measurements taken before morning micturition (BM) and in the afternoon (AM), for the best diagnosis of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), and their association with prognostic markers.

Methods

After undergoing 24-hour wakefulness ABPM, 158 participants (84 women) were randomized for 3- or 5-day HBPM. Two variations of the 3-day protocol were considered: with measurements taken before morning micturition and in the afternoon (BM+AM); and with post-morning-micturition and evening measurements (PM+EM). All patients underwent echocardiography (for left ventricular hypertrophy - LVH) and urinary albumin measurement (for microalbuminuria - MAU).

Result

Kappa statistic for the diagnosis of SAH between wakefulness-ABPM and standard 3-day HBPM, 3-day HBPM (BM+AM) and (PM+EM), and 5-day HBPM were 0.660, 0.638, 0.348 and 0.387, respectively. The values of sensitivity of (BM+AM) versus (PM+EM) were 82.6% × 71%, respectively, and of specificity, 84.8% × 74%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 69.1% × 40% and 92.2% × 91.2%, respectively. The comparisons of intraclass correlations for the diagnosis of LVH and MAU between (BM+AM) and (PM+EM) were 0.782 × 0.474 and 0.511 × 0.276, respectively.

Conclusions

The 3 day-HBPM protocol including measurements taken before morning micturition and during work in the afternoon showed the best agreement with SAH diagnosis and the best association with prognostic markers.     

Aerobic Interval Exercise Training Induces Greater Reduction in Cardiac Workload in the Recovery Period in Rats

Background

Aerobic interval exercise training has greater benefits on cardiovascular function as compared with aerobic continuous exercise training.

Objective

The present study aimed at analyzing the effects of both exercise modalities on acute and subacute hemodynamic responses of healthy rats.

Methods

Thirty male rats were randomly assigned into three groups as follows: continuous exercise (CE, n = 10); interval exercise (IE, n = 10); and control (C, n = 10). Both IE and CE groups performed a 30-minute exercise session. The IE group session consisted of three successive 4-minute periods at 60% of maximal velocity (Max Vel), with 4-minute recovery intervals at 40% of Max Vel. The CE group ran continuously at 50% of Max Vel. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure(BP), and rate pressure product (RPP) were measured before, during and after the exercise session.

Results

The CE and IE groups showed an increase in systolic BP and RPP during exercise as compared with the baseline values. After the end of exercise, the CE group showed a lower response of systolic BP and RPP as compared with the baseline values, while the IE group showed lower systolic BP and mean BP values. However, only the IE group had a lower response of HR and RPP during recovery.

Conclusion

In healthy rats, one interval exercise session, as compared with continuous exercise, induced similar hemodynamic responses during exercise. However, during recovery, the interval exercise caused greater reductions in cardiac workload than the continuous exercise.     

Verapamil prevents the effect of calcium-sensing receptor activation on the blood glucose and insulin levels in rats

BackgroundThe Ca²⁺ triggered insulin exocytosis in β cells of the pancreatic islets may be the result of Ca²⁺ influx through L-type voltage dependent calcium channels (VDCC) localized in the plasma membrane, as well as of liberation of Ca²⁺ from intracellular storages, induced by activation of the calcium receptor (CaR) coupled with the PLC enzyme present in the pancreatic islets. The present study was designated to determine, in in vivo experiments, the effects of CaR activation by R-568 and inhibition of the receptor by NPS 2143 on the plasma glucose and insulin levels in the presence of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker.MethodsWistar rats, after fasting for 14 h before the experiment, were anesthetized with inactin and loaded ip with 1 g/kg glucose.ResultsIn comparison to the control group, the verapamil-induced blockade of the calcium channels in glucose loaded animals increased the blood glucose level and decreased the insulin level, whereas CaR activation with R-568 induced opposite effects. However, in the presence of verapamil, R-568 did not change the concentration of glucose or insulin versus the control animals. Verapamil infusion did not alter elevated glucose concentration in the NPS 2143 animals. At the same time, verapamil reduced the plasma insulin level and potentiated the drop of insulin concentration induced by NPS 2143.ConclusionThe observations suggest that under the in vivo conditions, calcium channel blockade may prevent changes in the blood glucose and insulin concentrations induced by the CaR activation.     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者的小凹蛋白-1表达的变化及其意义

目的探讨小凹蛋白-1（Cav-1）在冠心病（CAD）合并2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者中的表达及其意义。方法选择148例经冠状动脉造影及临床证实的CAD患者,其中合并T2DM患者94例,单纯CAD54例,另选取无冠状动脉病变及糖尿病16例为对照组。用流式细胞技术检测各组外周血单核细胞Cav-1的表达水平,全自动生化分析仪测定高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）及空腹血糖（FBG）。结果 CAD合并T2DM患者外周血单核细胞Cav-1表达水平显著低于对照组及单纯CAD组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01,〈0.05）;CAD合并T2DM组血清hs-CRP的水平显著高于单纯CAD组及对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。单核细胞Cav-1的表达水平与hs-CRP及空腹血糖呈负相关（r=-0.47、-0.31,均P〈0.01）。多元Logistic回归分析显示CAD合并T2DM与Cav-1及FBG密切相关（OR=0.97、3.44,均P〈0.05）。结论 Cav-1表达低下是发生CAD合并T2DM的一个危险因素,并在一定程度上可预测CAD合并T2DM的发生。     

Dialysis Method Alters the Expression of MicroRNA‐33a and Its Target Genes ABCA1, ABCG1 in THP‐1 Macrophages

Atherosclerosis and accompanying cardiovascular disease are the first causes of mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Anti‐atherosclerotic effects of hemodiafiltration (HDF) have been reported. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of serum derived from a healthy group (n = 23), before and after hemodialysis (HD) therapy (n = 23), and before and after HDF therapy (n = 17) on the expression of microRNA‐33a and its target genes adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette transporter A1,G1 (ABCA1, ABCG1) in THP‐1 macrophages. Meanwhile, blood lipids and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) were measured in these groups. Our data showed that the expression of miRNA‐33a was lower (P < 0.05) and ABCA1 and ABCG1 were higher (P < 0.05) in the healthy group than pre‐HD and pre‐HDF. miR‐33a was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) but ABCA1, ABCG1 was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in post‐HDF compared with pre‐HDF, while these parameters in pre‐ and post‐ HD groups did not show any significant change (P > 0.05). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) was higher and hs‐CRP was lower in the healthy group than pre‐HD and pre‐HDF groups. Moreover, a significant increase of HDL‐C (P < 0.05) and decrease (P < 0.05) of hs‐CRP was shown in post‐HDF compared with pre‐HDF, but HD appeared to have no significant change in these subjects. HDF therapy can downregulate miR‐33a expression, and then result in ABCA1, ABCG1 upregulation and an increase in circulating HDL‐C, leading to a possible anti‐atherosclerosis effect to some extent.     

2014-2018年ICU真菌血症病原菌分布及抗菌药物敏感性分析

目的:研究我院ICU科室真菌血症病原菌的分布特点和药敏结果,为真菌血症的临床诊断和抗菌药物治疗提供依据。方法:对我院2014-2018年,5年间ICU科室血培养分离酵母样真菌且符合真菌血症诊断标准的临床资料进行回顾性分析,应用WHONET 5.6软件对菌株分布和药敏结果进行统计。结果:ICU确诊真菌血症患者共129例,致病菌主要为近平滑念珠菌（59株,45.7%）、白色念珠菌（22株,17.1%）、光滑念珠菌（14株,10.9%）和热带念珠菌（12株,9.3%）。真菌血症以男性患者（72.1%）居多,好发于65岁及以上老年（64.3%）;重症医学科（55.8%）和老年病房ICU（20.2%）分离率较高。所有菌株对5-氟胞嘧啶和两性霉素B敏感性较高,对唑类药物出现不同程度耐药。结论:我院真菌血流感染以近平滑念珠菌为多见。光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌、红酵母属对唑类药物的敏感性相对较低。推广质谱、分子生物学等快速鉴定技术,了解真菌血症病原菌对抗菌药物的敏感性,对ICU真菌血流感染患者的早期诊治和预后有着重要意义。     

India suspends pioglitazone: Is it justified?

In the month of June 2013 the Government of India suddenly suspended three drugs for use. The suspension of the anti-diabetic agent came as a rude shock to the medical community who has been utilizing this insulin sensitizer for more than a decade. We took a close look at the controversies surrounding this agent, the current state in the global scenario and how India has reacted in this mini review. Like most of the drugs utilized in the management of medical disorders pioglitazone also has been under the scanner for quite some time. However no definitive cause and effect association with any of the adverse events namely bladder cancer, anemia, fractures and heart failure was found. The international community responded with caution and refrained from banning the drug outright except for France. The ban in India in the absence of incriminating data on the Indian population seems out of place.     

Cyclooxygenase‐2 in epilepsy

Epilepsy is one of the more prevalent neurologic disorders in the world, affecting approximately 50 million people of different ages and backgrounds. Epileptic seizures propagating through both lobes of the forebrain can have permanent debilitating effects on a patient's cognitive and somatosensory brain functions. Epilepsy, defined by the sporadic occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), is often accompanied by inflammation of the brain. Pronounced increases in the expression of key inflammatory mediators (e.g., interleukin ‐1β [IL‐1β], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], cyclooxygenase‐2 [COX‐2], and C‐X‐C motif chemokine 10 [CXCL10]) after seizures may cause secondary damage in the brain and increase the likelihood of repetitive seizures. The COX‐2 enzyme is induced rapidly during seizures. The increased level of COX‐2 in specific areas of the epileptic brain can help to identify regions of seizure‐induced brain inflammation. A good deal of effort has been expended to determine whether COX‐2 inhibition might be neuroprotective and represent an adjunct therapeutic strategy along with antiepileptic drugs used to treat epilepsy. However, the effectiveness of COX‐2 inhibitors on epilepsy animal models appears to depend on the timing of administration. With all of the effort placed on making use of COX‐2 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for the treatment of epilepsy, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases there has yet to be a selective and potent COX‐2 inhibitor that has shown a clear therapeutic outcome with acceptable side effects.