豚鼠胃肠道粘膜下层内神经节丛与血管的伴行现象

对豚鼠胃肠道各段的研究发现,在胃体、胃底和幽门的粘膜下层内,血管仅由神经纤维束伴行。除小肠粘膜下层可见神经节丛与血管伴行外,在盲肠粘膜下层,亦可见神经节丛与小动、静脉伴行,尤以血管始段及第一分支段最明显。某些神经节丛还发出神经纤维束投射到血管壁上。在结肠和直肠均未见到神经节丛与血管的伴行现象。     

Effects of Pyridoxalated Hemoglobin Polyoxyethylene Conjugate and Stroma-free Hemoglobin on Renal Vascular Responsiveness to Vasoactive Substances in Isolated Perfused Rat Kidney

Abstract: The effects of pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate (PHP) and stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) on vascular responsiveness to various vasoactive substances were examined in isolated perfused rat kidneys. The kidneys isolated from rats were perfused with 6% PHP, 6% SFH, and 6% hydroxyethylstarch (HES) solution at a constant flow rate. Vascular responsiveness to acetylcholine (ACh), nitroglycerin (NG), norepinephrine (NE), and angiotensin-II (ANG-II) was examined by measuring the perfusion pressure (PP). Effects of inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) by N^G-monomethyl L-arginine (L-NMMA) on NE-induced and ANG-II-induced renal vascular responses were examined. ACh and NG induced a dose-dependent decrease in perfusion pressure (PP) in all groups. NE and ANG-II induced an increase in PP in all groups, but NE-induced and ANG-II-induced responses in the PHP-perfused and SFH-perfused groups were significantly larger than those in the HES-perfused group. L-NMMA did not alter vascular responsiveness to NE and ANG-II. These results indicate that PHP and SFH do not inhibit EDRF induced by ACh, but hemoglobin moiety per se does augment the vascular responsiveness to NE and ANG-II in the isolated perfused rat kidney.     

体外静脉—静脉转流下原位肝移植围术期酸碱,生化的变化

目的:观察体外静脉转流下原位肝移植围术期酸碱和生化的变化。方法:7例病人行原位肝移植术,在无肝期行体外静脉-静脉转流,监测围术期酸碱和生化指标。结果:(1)与术前相比,pH各期有所下降,但仍维持在正常范围,BE和SBC在转流60分钟及关腹时降低;与转流前期相比。pH以后各期变化不大。术期pH在7.35～7.45范围之内;(2)血糖在各期都升高,血钙降低,体温逐渐降低;(3)血钾在肝血管开放后一过性增高,由3.17mmol/L升至3.53mmol/L。结论;体外静脉转流下原位肝移植术,术中酸碱和生化变化轻微,避免了明显的代谢性酸中毒和高血钾,但体温和血糖变化明显。     

去纤酶对高血脂兔血小板功能、纤溶系统、血液流变学的影响

观察了食饵性高血脂对新西兰兔血小板功能、纤溶系统和血液流变学的影响以及去纤酶的调节作用,并动态观察了指标的变化.结果发现,高血脂能引起兔的血小板数增加,粘附力增强,血液粘滞性增加,红细胞流动变慢,呈现高凝和低纤溶状态,且主动脉形成明显粥样斑块.去纤酶在降低血脂的同时,可明显降低血小板的粘附力,降低血液粘滞性,呈现低凝和高纤溶状态,其主动脉粥样斑块亦明显减轻和缩小.提示去纤酶既能降低血脂又能降低血粘稠度,促进纤溶,起到抗凝及防止血栓形成,抑制动脉硬化的形成和发展.     

Prothrombin times and activated partial thromboplastin times in toxicology: a comparison of different blood withdrawal sites for wistar rats

The prothrombin time (PT) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) for untreated male Wistar rats were determined on the Sysmex CA-5000 Instrument for blood taken from the orbital sinus, tail vein, vena cava and aorta. Boxplot and statistical analysis was performed. Only orbital sinus puncture yields unpredictable and unacceptable variation/prolongation of clotting times.     

肠溶阿斯匹林剂量和血阿斯匹林及水杨酸盐浓度与药效关系探讨

本文探讨了ＡＳＡ剂量与药效的关系及血ＡＳＡ、ＳＡ药物浓度监测的临床意义，结果表明：（１）ＡＳＡ剂量与６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）抑制率呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），而与ＴＸＢ_２及ＰＡｇＲ抑制率无相关性（Ｐ＞０．１）；（２）本文采用ＨＰＬＣ内标法同时测定血ＡＳＡ和ＳＡ浓度，结果准确，方法简便；（３）当口服小剂量ＡＳＡ防治ＣＩ时，监测血ＡＳＡ和ＳＡ以调整ＡＳＡ用药剂量的临床价值并非十分重要。     

Comparison of the sphygmooscillographic method with the direct and auscultatory methods of measuring blood pressure

Objective. The objective of this study was to compare blood pressure (BP) measured by the sphygmooscillographic method with that measured by the direct and auscultatory methods.Methods. In 15 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery, blood pressure was measured by the sphygmooscillographic and direct methods simultaneously on the same upper extremity. In another group of 86 children and 11 adults, blood pressure was measured by the sphygmooscillographic and auscultatory methods simultaneously, with one cuff. For the sphygmooscillographic measurement, we used sphygmomanometer-S, which measures blood pressure on the basis of the amplitude height (oscillometric) and the morphology (sphygmographic) of pulse waves recorded by a transducer placed in the cuff.Results. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured by the sphygmooscillographic method were both 2 mm Hg higher than those from the direct method; the mean blood pressure was 0.6 mm Hg higher. These differences were not significant. Compared with the auscultatory method, sphygmooscillographic systolic values were higher by 7 mm Hg, while diastolic values were lower by 9 mm Hg. These differences were significant.Conclusions. Blood pressure measurements obtained by the sphygmooscillographic method correlate well with the direct method for measuring blood pressure in children and adults; but, they do not correlate well with the auscultatory method.     

血清MUC1粘蛋白IRMA及其初步临床应用

建立有效的ＭＵＣ１粘蛋白免疫放射分析法（ＩＲＭＡ），并初步用于乳腺肿瘤的诊断。利用纯化的ＭＵＣ１及其多抗，建立ＭＵＣ１双抗夹心ＩＲＭＡ法，对５５例健康女性、１１例乳腺良性肿瘤、２７例乳腺癌及２８例乳腺癌术后患者进行血清ＭＵＣ１的测定。结果：血清ＭＵＣ１ＩＲＭＡ的灵敏度为０７４ｋＵ／Ｌ；健康女性、乳腺良性肿瘤、乳腺癌及乳腺癌术后患者血清ＭＵＣ１的平均含量分别为７２３±３６７、１７８０±１０５６、３００４±２３８４和３１８４±２４７９ｋＵ／Ｌ；正常值上限为１３５４ｋＵ／Ｌ，假阳性率为１８２％；乳腺肿瘤患者血清ＭＵＣ１水平较健康女性明显提高；乳腺癌患者血清ＭＵＣ１水平高于乳腺良性肿瘤患者，但两者的阳性率（７７８７％和７２７０％）差异无显著性（χ２＝０１５４，Ｐ＞００５）；乳腺癌与乳腺癌术后患者血清ＭＵＣ１水平差异无显著性（ｔ＝－０２２，Ｐ＞００５）。ＭＵＣ１血清水平与肿瘤恶性程度成正相关，对于乳腺癌的诊断具有重要参考价值。     

Doppler-sonographische durchblutungsmessungen der unteren extremität des menschen

Summary A duplex ultrasound system was used to examine the blood flow of the common femoral artery in ten young patients with fractures of the lower extremities. Two patients had fractures of both legs. In eight patients the blood flow in the injuried leg was comparable with that in the not injured leg. The flow alterations were measured on 3–7 different days over a period of 6–224 days after trauma. All patients showed a significant (to twice or three times that before injury) increase in blood flow in the injured leg a few days after trauma and/or operation, whereas the blood flow in the uninjured leg remained the same or even decreased a little. In the case of undisturbed fracture healing the change in blood flow disappeared within 8–12 weeks, corresponding to fracture consolidation. When fracture healing was delayed and/or further operations on the injured leg were necessary, the blood flow was increased for much longer. The hemodynamics of an injured extremity are compared with those reported elsewhere in the literature. The increased demand for oxygen or energy can explain the changes only in part. Another function of the reflective increase in blood flow could be the temperature increase in the extremity.

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Doppler-sonographische durchblutungsmessungen der unteren extremität des menschenII. Hämodynamik nach trauma und operation

Zusammenfassung Mittels Doppler-sonographischer Durchblutungsmessung wurde die Hämodynamik der verletzten Extremität an 10 jungen Patienten mit Frakturen der unteren Extremität untersucht. Bei 8 Patienten konnte die Durchblutung des verletzten Beins mit der unverletzten Gegenseite verglichen werden. Die Messungen erfolgten an 3–7 verschiedenen Tagen in einem Zeitraum von 6–224 Tagen nach dem Unfall. An allen verletzten Extremitäten steigt die Durchblutung wenige Tage nach dem Unfall und/oder der Operation deutlich um das 2- bis 3fache an, während die Durchblutung des unverletzten Beins niedrig bleibt. Bei einem ungestörten klinischen Verlauf sinkt die Durchblutung in 8–12 Wochen wieder. Heilungsstörungen und weitere Operationen an dem Bein verzögern diese Normalisierung deutlich. Diese Ergebnisse werden mit anderen Untersuchungen der Literatur verglichen. Ursache und Funktion der hämodynamischen Änderungen könnte u. a. in einer reflektorischen Temperaturerhöhung zu sehen sein.

     

阿魏酸在血瘀证兔体内的药代动力学

为验证及研究症治药动学假说（ｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅａｎｄＴｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔＰｈａｒｍａｃｏｋｉｎｅｔｉｃｓ，Ｓ＆ＴＰＫ）的客观性和基本规律，本文以ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ法同时测定了活血祛瘀药物阿魏酸在正常及高分子右旋糖酐所制血瘀症（微循环障碍）兔体内经时浓度，以ＭＣＰＫＰ药动学程序在ＣＯＭＰＡＱ８０３８６机上自动拟合了药动学参数。统计结果表明，与正常组相比，阿魏酸在血瘀症兔体内的分布容积（Ｖ＿１和Ｖ＿Ｂ）及消除速率（ＣＬＢ）显著减小（Ｐ＜０．０５），半衰期（ｔ＿（１／２β）及相同时间段曲线下面积（ＡＵＱ）非常显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：实验结果基本符合Ｓ＆ＴＰＫ的观点：即同一药物在不同证兔体内的药代动力学参数经统计学处理有显著差异。