Müller Muscle-conjunctival Resection with or without Tarsectomy and Combined with Bandage Contact Lens Use in Ptosis Patients with Corneal Graft

PurposeTo examine the efficacy of ptosis correction with a Müller muscle-conjunctival resection with or without tarsectomy (MMCR±T), combined with bandage contact lens (BCL) use, in corneal graft patients.MethodsSeven patients with corneal grafts who underwent MMCR±T for treatment of ptosis were evaluated retrospectively. A BCL was applied to the grafts at the end of the surgery. The collected data included preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD-1), presence of Hering’s dependency by the phenylephrine test, symmetry outcomes, and complications after MMCR±T.ResultsThe average duration between the penetrating keratoplasty and MMCR±T was 14 months, with a follow-up time of 10.4 months after MMCR±T. Hering’s dependency was observed in four (57.2%) patients before MMCR±T, and MRD-1 was increased in all patients based on preoperative phenylephrine tests. The mean preoperative MRD-1 was −0.14 ± 0.55 mm, and the mean postoperative MRD-1 was 2.35 ± 0.89 mm (p < 0.0001). Symmetry outcomes of perfect (<0.5 mm), good (0.5–1 mm), and fair (≥1 mm) were noted after MMCR±T in three, three, and one patients, respectively. During the follow-up, no obvious corneal epitheliopathy, keratitis, or corneal graft rejection/failure were noted in any cases. BCL use was well tolerated by all patients.ConclusionsMost patients achieved good surgical outcomes with the application of the BCL to protect the graft and with the use of the phenylephrine test and Hering’s dependency to predict the final eyelid position and symmetry. MMCR±T combined with BCL may therefore represent an alternative approach for correction of ptosis in patients with corneal graft.     

Outcomes of levator advancement and Müller muscle-conjunctiva resection for the repair of upper eyelid ptosis

Both the Müller muscle-conjunctiva resection (MMCR) and levator advancement (LA) procedures can be used to manage ptosis in patients with good levator function. The aim of this article is to evaluate the efficacy and cosmetic outcomes of the two procedures. The clinical records of 29 consecutive eyelids of 26 patients undergoing MMCR and 30 eyelids of 23 patients undergoing LA were analysed. Eleven (42%) in the LA group and 9 (39%) in the MMCR group were male. The preoperative eyelid measurements were significantly different in the LA compared to the MMCR groups, in terms of palpebral aperture (PA) (6.3 vs 7.4, p = 0.01), marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1) (-0.1 vs 1.5, p < 0.001) and levator function (LF) (12.1 vs 13.4, p = 0.03). The MRD1 1 month post-surgery was slightly less in the LA group compared to the MMCR group (2.6 vs 3.18 mm, p = 0.047) but not significantly different at months 3 and 6. The final change in MRD1 was significantly higher in the LA group (2.93 vs 1.76, p = 0.004). The MMCR group had a lower incidence of lid contour abnormalities (0% vs 20%, p = 0.01) and overcorrection (0% vs 13%, p = 0.04). There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of undercorrection in either group. Both the MMCR as well as LA procedures are effective for mild to moderate ptosis in patients with good levator function. Patients undergoing MMCR had higher success rates, better preservation of the natural lid contour, and a lower incidence of overcorrection than patients undergoing LA.     

Giant epidermal cyst of the tarsal plate

A 35-year-old male patient presented with a right upper eyelid mass with mechanical ptosis. The patient gave no history of trauma or surgery. On examination, there was a huge cystic mass fixed to the tarsal plate. Excisional biopsy with tarsectomy was done. Histopathology sections demonstrated a keratin-filled cyst arising from the tarsus. A thorough Pubmed search did not reveal an epidermal cyst of the tarsal plate of this size which was successfully managed. The incision was made in such a way that postoperative ptosis would be avoided. Excess skin was removed during the surgery.     

结膜-皮肤联合进路的提上睑肌缩短术疗效观察

目的　观察结膜 -皮肤联合进路的提上睑肌缩短术的疗效。方法　对 19例 (31只眼 )上睑下垂患者施行结膜 -皮肤联合进路的提上睑肌缩短术 ,并进行术后 6个月的随访。结果　随访结果显示 ,经结膜 -皮肤联合进路的提上睑肌缩短术效果可靠。结论　此方法适合于提上睑肌肌力为 5～ 12 mm的中度上睑下垂     

提上睑肌折叠术治疗轻、中度上睑下垂

目的:探讨一种对治疗轻、中度上睑下垂有效美观的手术方法。方法:自2002年来,采用提上睑肌折叠术方法,治疗轻、中度上睑下垂39例(48只眼),对术后效果进行随访观察。结果:上睑下垂矫正良好,外形美观自然,经术后2个月至1年随访,满意良好率达92%。结论:提上睑肌折叠术是治疗轻、中度上睑下垂的理想术式。     

男性幼儿双下肢无力1周伴眼睑下垂3d北大核心CSCD

患儿1岁7个月,以双下肢无力、眼睑下垂起病,呈进行性加重并出现呼吸不规则。神经系统体格检查:嗜睡状,双眼睑下垂,双上肢肌力4级,双下肢肌力3级,腱反射消失。实验室检查提示脑脊液蛋白细胞分离,H反射消失,血清抗GD1b抗体IgG阳性。最终该患儿诊断为吉兰-巴雷综合征(Guillain-Barrésyndrome,GBS)、Miller-Fisher综合征与Bickerstaff脑干脑炎重叠综合征,治疗上予免疫球蛋白、血浆置换、呼吸支持等治疗后患儿恢复出院。儿童GBS、Miller-Fisher综合征与Bickerstaff脑干脑炎重叠综合征可同时出现周围神经及脑干损害,临床异质性强,其中抗GD1b抗体相关的GBS、Miller-Fisher综合征与Bickerstaff脑干脑炎重叠综合征有特殊临床表现及复杂神经电生理变化,诊断较困难。因此对有双下肢乏力、眼睑下垂患儿尽早完善神经传导速度检查,重点关注H反射。     

膨体聚四氟乙烯额肌悬吊术治疗儿童先天性上睑下垂的临床疗效和安全性评价

背景 先天性上睑下垂是一种易引起弱视的儿童眼病,及时进行手术并寻找理想的额肌悬吊材料具有非常重要的意义.目前国际上常采用膨体聚四氟乙烯(e-PTFE)材料作为额肌悬吊材料对低龄儿童的先天性上睑下垂进行治疗,取得了较好的效果,但中国尚缺乏相关的临床资料. 目的 应用e-PTFE材料进行额肌悬吊术治疗先天性上睑下垂儿童,观察其临床治疗效果及其安全性,评价其临床应用价值.方法 采用前瞻性系列病例观察性研究方法,收集2012年7月-2012年8月在北京儿童医院确诊的年龄为2.8 ～6岁的先天性上睑下垂患者36例45眼,所有患儿均行额肌悬吊术,术中采用e-PTFE为额肌悬吊材料.分别于术后1d、1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年、1.5年进行复查,观察指标包括上睑缘至角膜光反射点距离(MRD)、睑裂高度、额肌与睑板关联度、眼睑闭合情况以及上睑迟落情况、术后外观评分,记录术后复发率和相关并发症及其处理结果. 结果 术后1.5年患儿的MRD为(2.8±0.8) mm,明显高于术前的(1.8±1.2)mm,差异均有统计学意义(t=4.651,P=0.000);术后眼睑闭合度为(1.3±0.5) mm,与术前的(1.1±0.5) mm比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.897,P=0.061);术后额肌与睑板关联度为75％±20％;术后外观改善满意.本组患者中术后1例1眼欠矫,出现轻度角膜炎者1例1眼,角膜炎患儿系术后护理不当,经指导家长术后正确点用上皮生长因子联合玻璃酸钠滴眼液后痊愈;术后发现额部伤口肉芽肿1例1眼,局麻下将肉芽肿切除,局部注射地塞米松注射液0.2ml,1个月后无复发;眼睑内翻1例1眼,考虑与术中上睑位置过高有关,经观察于术后3个月上睑位置部分地回落,上睑内翻自愈;术后3个月16例20眼可在额部切口缝合部位局部触及皮下小硬结,至随访末自行消失.复发1例1眼,经二次手术治愈.结论 e-PTFE作为额肌悬吊材料对于先天性上睑下垂儿童性额肌悬吊术效果和安全性好,术后患儿上睑功能恢复较好,外观改善满意.     

Pachydermoperiostosis: A Rare Cause of Marked Blepharoptosis and Floppy Eyelid Syndrome

Abstract

A 34-year-old African-American man was referred for eyelid swelling and ocular discomfort. He was found to have floppy hypertrophic eyelids and marked bilateral mechanical ptosis that was present since childhood. Systemic examination was significant for furrows on his forehead and scalp, coarse facial features, and enlarged hands and feet with clubbing of the fingers and toes. Radiographic imaging of the long bones demonstrated periostosis, and MRI of the head revealed a pituitary macroadenoma. Pituitary and thyroid hormone levels were normal. The patient was diagnosed with pachydermoperiostosis and a non-secreting pituitary macroadenoma. Bilateral upper lid tightening via wedge resection was followed by bilateral external levator advancement ptosis repair in a staged manner. The patient achieved symptom relief and improved lid position postoperatively.     

Exogenous skeletal muscle satellite cells promote the repair of levator palpebrae superioris mechanical damage in rat

Aim of the Study: Blepharoptosis is a drooping of the upper eyelid, usually due to dysfunction of the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS). Recently, skeletal muscle satellite cells (SSCs) have been reported to promote the repair of damaged skeletal muscle. This study aims to investigate the potential contribution of exogenous SSCs to the regeneration of mechanically damaged LPS. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups, including control group, SSCs-treated group, SSCs-treated injury group and non-treated injury group. After rats in injury groups were artificially lacerated on both the left and right LPS, HBBS (Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution) containing SSCs was injected into upper eyelid tissue. After 7 days, the LPS muscle tissues were excised. In addition, skeletal muscle cells (SMCs) and SSCs were cocultured for use as an in vitro model, and the protective effects of SSCs on cultured SMCs were also investigated. Results: Histological staining revealed that exogenous SSCs repaired the damaged muscle fibers and attenuated the fibrosis of LPS, possibly due to the increased level of IGF-1. In contrast, the level of IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 (phospho-T8) were significantly reduced in the SSCs-treated group. The in vitro model using coculture of skeletal muscle cells (SMCs) and SSCs also revealed an increased level of IGF-1 and reduced level of inflammatory factors, resulting in a better cell survival rate. Conclusions: This study found that exogenous SSCs can promote the repair of LPS mechanical damage and provides new insight into the development of novel therapeutic approaches for blepharoptosis.     

先天性小睑裂综合征临床手术疗效分析

目的探讨先天性小睑裂综合征的手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析先天性小睑裂综合征患儿23例（46眼），年龄2～11岁，均伴有其他眼疾或全身疾病。所有患儿同期行双眼内眦赘皮矫正＋额肌腱膜悬吊术。内眦赘皮矫正采用的术式有4种，其中Y—V成形术2例、Stallars“Z”成形术7例、Speath术式5例及经典的Mastands内眦成形术9例。上睑下垂矫正采用额肌腱膜悬吊术。术后随访1～24个月，观察睑裂长度、睑裂高度、内眦间距及眉睑距等参数变化。术后1、6、18个月分别检查三棱镜斜视度。采用配对t检验对手术前后患者的睑裂长度、睑裂高度、内眦间距及眉睑距等进行比较。结果23例患儿均顺利完成手术。术后睑裂长度及高度均有明显提高，内眦间距及眉睑距明显缩小。术后1个月，睑裂长度由术前的（18．5±1．1）mm增长至（23．4±1．2）mm，睑裂高度由术前的（2．1±1．2）mm增高至（6．7±0．9）mm，内眦间距由术前的（3512±1．4）mm减小至（31．1±1．1）mm，眉睑距由术前的（13．6±1.3）mm减小至（9．8±1．2）mm，与术前比较，差异均有统计学意义（t分别为4．985、10．832、2．143和4．171，P均〈0．05）。术后1个月，仅见暴露性角膜炎1例，未见其他并发症。术后6、18个月的随访数据与术后1个月比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05），表明手术疗效在术后1个月时保持稳定。结论对于先天性小脸裂综合征，早期双跟周期行内眦赘皮矫正联合额肌腱膜悬吊术是比较理想的治疗手段．