Preliminary assessment of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron mission tomography in patients with bladder cancer

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of imaging of bladder cancer with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scanning. We studied 12 patients with histologically proven bladder cancer who had undergone surgical procedures and/or radiotherapy. Retrograde irrigation of the urinary bladder with 1000–3710 ml saline was performed during nine of the studies. Dynamic and static PET images were obtained, and standardized uptake value images were reconstructed. FDG-PET scanning was true-positive in eight patients (66.7%), but false-negative in four (33.3%). Of 20 organs with tumor mass lesions confirmed pathologically or clinically, 16 (80%) were detected by FDG-PET scanning. FDG-PET scanning detected all of 17 distant metastatic lesions and two of three proven regional lymph node metastases. FDG-PET was also capable of differentiating viable recurrent bladder cancer from radiation-induced alterations in two patients. In conclusion, these preliminary data indicate the feasibility of FDG-PET imaging in patients with bladder cancer, although a major remaining pitfall is intense FDG accumulation in the urine. Present address: Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359, Japan     

BCG对膀胱粘膜结构的影响及肿瘤超微病理的研究

应用光镜，透射电镜与扫描电镜技术对２０例浅表膀胱肿瘤ＢＣＧ治疗前后粘膜结构，肿瘤超微结构及Ｈｅｌａ细胞表面结构的影响作了比较研究。结果表明，ＢＣＧ灌注后，膀胱粘膜的结构发生了明显的改变，粘膜层次变薄，粘膜下可见大量单个核细胞浸润，肉芽肿与非干酷淋巴细胞团形成。     

Myoblast fusion in Drosophila melanogaster is mediated through a fusion-restricted myogenic-adhesive structure (FuRMAS).

During myogenesis in Drosophila embryos, a prominent adhesive structure is formed between precursor cells and fusion-competent myoblasts (fcms). Here, we show that Duf/Kirre and its interaction partners Rols7 (found in founder myoblasts and growing myotubes) and Sns (found in fcms) are organized in a ring-structure at the contact points of fcms with precursor cells, while cytoskeletal components like F-actin and Titin are centered in this ring in both cell types. The cytoplasmic protein Blow colocalizes with the actin plugs in fcms after cell adhesion. Furthermore, the requirement of additional as yet unidentified components was demonstrated by using mammalian C2C12 myoblasts. In this study, we propose that the fusion-restricted myogenic-adhesive structure (FuRMAS) is pivotal in linking cell adhesion as well as local F-actin assembly and dynamics to downstream events that ultimately lead to plasma membrane fusion. Moreover, we suggest that the FuRMAS may restrict the area of membrane breakdown.     

低功率电切治疗膀胱肿瘤疗效观察

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤低功率电切术的适应症、手术方法及其疗效评估. 方法分析65例经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术.手术时间10～90 min,平均时间41 min;膀胱穿孔1例,术后冲洗时间1～3 d,平均2 d;导尿管留置时间1～5 d,平均4 d.结果 随访0.5～3 a,48例中肿瘤复发15例,其中原位复发2例,异位多位复发13例.结论 经尿道膀胱肿瘤低功率电切可防止并明显减少闭孔神经反射的发生,具有操作简单,损伤小,出血少、恢复快等优点.     

改良Indiana膀胱术的远期疗效观察

目的:评价改良Indiana膀胱术的远期疗效.方法:对26例改良Indiana膀胱术术后患者的膀胱可控性、尿动力学、肾盂输尿管扩张、上尿路感染情况、血清电解质和肾功能进行随访.结果:26例随访1～7年,平均3年.白天可控率96.2%;贮尿囊容量为380～640 ml,平均542 ml;贮尿囊内压力为1.215～3.224 kPa,平均1.921 kPa.B超、IVP造影示3 例输尿管扩张,经随访无加重.血清电解质及肾功能正常.结论:改良Indiana膀胱术远期疗效可靠,并发症少,是一种较理想的尿路分流术式.     

尿脱落细胞端粒酶检测在膀胱癌中的诊断价值

目的　利用聚合酶链反应的酶联免疫吸附试验 ,探讨检测自排尿脱落细胞端粒酶活性在膀胱癌早期诊断中的意义。方法　应用 (端粒酶重复序列扩增基础上PCR -ELISA)TRAP -PCR -ELISA方法检测 5 8例膀胱癌患者、 2 5例良性血尿患者及 30例健康体检者尿脱落细胞的端粒酶活性。结果　 (1) 5 8例膀胱癌患者尿脱落细胞阳性率为 81 0 % (4 7/ 5 8) ,2 5例良性血尿患者及健康体检者均无端粒酶活性表达。 (2 )TRAP -PCR -ELISA方法检测膀胱癌患者尿脱落细胞端粒酶活性与常规尿细胞形态学镜检间的差别有非常显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　尿脱落细胞端粒酶活性的检测法对膀胱癌患者的阳性检出率较常规尿细胞形态学方法高 ,可用于膀胱癌的早期诊断。     

内皮素-1及受体基因在良性前列腺增生组织中的表达及意义

目的　探讨内皮素 1(ET 1)及受体A、B(ETAR、ETBR)在良性前列腺增生 (BPH)组织中的表达及意义。　方法　应用免疫组化和RT PCR方法检测前列腺组织ET 1及ETAR、ETBRmRNA的表达 ,并与患者临床参数行相关分析。　结果　ET 1、ETARmRNA和ETBRmRNA在BPH组织中的表达 (吸光度A值分别为 0 .94± 0 .0 8、0 .6 4± 0 .0 8、0 .97± 0 .0 8)与正常前列腺组织(0 .5 7± 0 .0 6、0 .37± 0 .0 5、0 .5 1± 0 .0 4 )相比 ,差别均有显著性意义 ,P均 <0 .0 5 ,其中ET 1、ETARmRNA与IPSS、前列腺体积、前列腺尿道长度、前列腺尿道压、最大尿道压呈正相关 ,与最大尿流率、平均尿流率呈负相关。　结论　ET 1和ETAR在BPH中的表达量与膀胱出口梗阻严重程度密切相关。     

膀胱横纹肌肉瘤的病理组织学研究

本文对我院6例原诊断为膀胱葡萄簇状肉瘤的病例进行了临床随访并做了病理组织学研究。全部患者在术后2～12个月内死亡。6例瘤组织的病理学图象基本相同,但有些区域则呈恶性淋巴瘤样或粘液肉瘤样或平滑肌肉瘤样形态。它们虽貌似有多种组织成分,但经特柒证明却只含有胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤成分,而无其它良恶性问叶性瘤组织成分。因此,在病理学命名上,应将它诊断为膀胱横纹肌肉瘤,建议不再使用“葡萄簇状肉瘤”的名称。此外,作者并收集国内文献中报告过的膀胱横纹肌肉瘤(葡萄簇状肉瘤)共69例,结合本文报告6例,详细讨论了它的发病率、命名和组织发生学等临床和病理方面的问题。-     

排尿期尿道压力分布描记诊断膀胱出口梗阻及比较

应用排尿期尿道压力分布描记（ＭＵＰＰ）方法诊断膀胱出口梗阻（ＢＯＯ），并与压力流率结果相比较，对２４例前列腺增生症患者进行排尿期尿道压力测定与压力流率测定，将ＭＵＰＰ所得后尿道压力跌落（ＵＰＧ）与压力流率测定所得尿道阻力因子（ＵＲＡ）及被动尿道阻力关系（ＰＵＲＲ）进行相关性研究与诊断试验。结果表明：ＵＰＧ与ＵＲＡ及ＰＵＲＲ呈显著性正相关，ＭＵＰＰ诊断ＢＯＯ结果与ＡＧ图、ＵＲＡ及ＰＵＲＲ具有较高的诊断符合率。与压力流率相比，ＭＵＰＰ诊断ＢＯＯ各有优点与缺点，但不失为定量诊断ＢＯＯ的一种新方法。     

NOS在膀胱逼尿肌组织中的表达及意义

为探讨一氧化氮（ＮＯ）在人体膀胱的生理和病理改变中的作用，应用免疫组化法和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹法对人体正常膀胱（１０例），前列腺增生症者稳定膀胱（９例）和不稳定膀胱（１２例）逼尿肌组织中的一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）进行检测。结果显示：膀胱逼尿肌组织中有ＮＯＳ表达，神经节、神经元、神经束和神经纤维皆呈阳性反应，但各类膀胱间的表达量无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示ＮＯ介导的神经参与调节膀胱逼尿肌的松弛，但在不稳定膀胱的发病机制中不起主要作用