胸腔积液细胞形态学、生物化学、肿瘤标志物检测对诊断恶性肿瘤的临床意义

目的:对胸腔积液进行细胞形态学、生物化学、肿瘤标志物的检测,探讨其结果在诊断恶性肿瘤方面的临床意义。方法:胸腔积液细胞形态学检测采用离心推片法及瑞氏-姬姆萨复合染色鉴定细胞性质;LDH、TP、Cl、ALB、TC、Crp生物化学指标在奥林巴斯2700全自动生化分析仪上检测;CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE肿瘤标志物在Elecsys 2010上检测,FDP检测采用酶联免疫胶乳凝集法。结果:在选择的60例胸腔积液标本中,有30例胸腔积液为恶性肿瘤,查到癌细胞24例,检出率80%,与病理学、影像学恶性肿瘤诊断符合率为95%,但是未查到癌细胞并不一定能排除恶性肿瘤,本组资料的癌细胞阳性率为80%(24/30)。LDH阳性率为67%(20/30),FDP阳性率为47%(14/30),CEA阳性率为50%(15/30),CYFRA21-1阳性率为77%(23/30)。TP、Cl、ALB、TC、Crp、NSE的检测在鉴别肿瘤方面无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:查到癌细胞和CEA、CYFRA21-1、LDH、FDP的联合检测在鉴别恶性肿瘤方面有显著性差异(P<0.01),为恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断提供了可靠依据。因此在临床诊断中综合分析这些指标可作为恶性肿瘤诊断的依据,值得大力推广。     

黄芪对体外培养心肌细胞保护作用的实验研究

目的：观察黄芪对体外培养的缺糖缺氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用。方法：心肌细胞原代单层培养，观察心肌细胞形态学变化、细胞生化数据的改变以及超微结构形态学的变化。结果：药物组与药物对照组的心肌细胞内上述细胞损伤变化均得到明显恢复。结论：黄芪对体外培养的缺糖缺氧心肌细胞具有明显的保护作用。     

五年制医学专业生物化学PBL教学实践与初探

目的激发学生的学习兴趣与参与意识，培养高素质的医学人才。方法将学生分成若干小组，每小组10人，在1名教师指导下进行三段式PBL教学。结果学生由被动变为主动，学习的积极性提高了，综合分析问题和解决问题的能力、口头表达能力与交际能力提高了，同学之间的协作关系加强了。结论PBL教学比单纯灌输的教学效果要好。不过，进行PBL教学时要选好年级、选好班级、选好教师。     

Modification of the lecithin-sphingomyelin assay for fetal development

Modifications in the lecithin/sphingomyelin assay have been introduced which provide for a rapid, sensitive, reproducible, and economical procedure for the determination of fetal maturity. This procedure can be carried out easily by individuals with a minimal amount of training and equipment. The method as modified has been shown to be accurate in the assessment of fetal maturity in the 100 normal pregnancies studied. This test is recommended before delivery, particularly in complicated cases, to predict the risk of pulmonary immaturity.     

Response of immature chicken meniscus to strenuous exercise: biochemical studies of proteoglycan and collagen

Male white Leghorn chickens were exercised on a treadmill at 70-80% of their maximal oxygen consumption starting at 4 weeks and continuing up to 20 weeks of age. The effect of the strenuous exercise regime on the extracellular matrix of menisci was followed through studies of proteoglycans and collagen. Avian menisci contain type I collagen, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, which increase with age in amount and degree of aggregation, and dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, which decrease with age. Five weeks of exercise cause a premature decrease of dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, while the chondroitin sulfate-containing molecules become significantly more aggregated than those of the tissue of age-matched controls. Strenuous exercise also causes a significant decrease in the number of pyridinoline crosslinks per mole of collagen in the menisci of young runners. The exercise-induced changes of proteoglycan and collagen occur only during the period of active growth, and all parameters return to normal when the animals reach skeletal maturity. The early proteoglycan aggregation and dermatan sulfate decrease induced by exercise are probably an adaptation to the increased loading. Although the mechanism by which strenuous exercise reduces or delays the formation of collagen pyridinoline crosslinks in menisci of skeletally immature animals is unknown, their decrease could negatively affect the mechanical properties of the tissue during the period of active growth.     

McArdle's disease: a study on the molecular basis of two different etiologies of myophosphorylase deficiency.

Three patients with myophosphorylase deficiency were investigated. Two had no detectable activity, while one had 1% residual activity. The patient with 1% residual activity had 40% of the normal amount of myophosphorylase protein. No myophosphorylase protein could be detected in the other two cases. A precipitin band in the Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion test was not present in any case. This study showed that modifying the normal enzyme (without changing the molecular weight) changed the immunoprecipitin activity of the phosphorylase protein. Therefore, immunoprecipitation is not a valid technique for differentiation of the variants of myophosphorylase deficiency, and another method, for example SDS-electrophoresis, should be applied.     

Immunochemistry of apamin—bee venom neurotoxin—I. Radioimmunoassay with apamin and its derivatives

Antibodies against apamin, a neurotoxic polypeptide from bee venom were raised in rabbits by immunization with apamin or apamin-BSA conjugates. ³H-apamin or ¹²⁵I-apamin were used in radioimmunoassay with anti-apamin for the detection of the apamin antigenic site. The inhibitory activity toward the labelled apamin-anti-apamin binding was maximal with unlabelled apamin and decreased in the range: apamin > Cys¹, Lys⁴-disuccinilated apamin > Cys¹, Lys⁴-diacetylated apamin > Cys¹, Lys₄-diacetylated apamin with carboxymethylated His¹⁸. Dipyrimidyl-Orn¹³,Orn¹⁴-apamin derivative almost had no inhibitory activity on labelled apamin binding emphasizing that Arg¹³, Arg¹⁴ are the most essential for the apamin topographic antigenic site.     

Morphological,biochemical, ultrastructural,tissue culture and clinical observations of typical and aggressive craniopharyngiomas

Summary Craniopharyngiomas are tumors of the suprasellar area, which are often cystic, encapsulated and slow-growing. Certain of these tumors can behave in an aggressive manner and either invade surrounding structures or recur.In order to determine characteristics which may aid in distinguishing typical from atypical lesions, a study of biopsy and tissue culture specimens from 25 human craniopharyngiomas was undertaken. Tissue culture observations reveal two distinct cell populations.Typical lesions grew in culture in an orderly epithelial pattern and had desmosome-tonofibril aggregates and smooth surface topography demonstrable by electron microscopy.In the atypical tumors the cell growth was irregular, with mitotic activity, cholesterol crystals and features characteristic of neoplastic transformation, such as surface microvilli, an increase of cytoplasmic basophilia, size and number of nucleoli and retraction of cytoplasm.Correlation with the clinical status of the patients suggests that tumors of the four patients which exhibited atypical features in culture behaved more aggressively.