医学生物化学实验课的教学改革及探讨

生物化学实验课较理论课具有独立性，总结了在相关理论教学，开设综合性、设计性实验，培养科研思维，加强与临床的联系等方面的改革。     

生物化学综合性动态实验的探索与实践

分析了传统实验教学存在的问题,通过对传统实验内容进行改进,将单纯验证性的静态实验,改革为具有反映物质动态变化,启发创新思维,综合验证理论的动态实验。通过实验,可提高学生的学习兴趣,激发创新思维,培养科研能力,提高实验课质量。     

生物化学理论课程PBL模式的教学实践

为适应当前以实践能力和创新能力为核心的素质教育的要求,中国医科大学生物化学与分子生物学教研室于2004学年下半年在2003级五年制临床医学专业进行了小规模、阶段性的以问题为基础学习模式的教学实践。结果表明,这一教学模式在提高学生自学能力和知识运用能力上有积极的促进作用。     

高糖高脂高胆固醇致兔糖、脂代谢紊乱和胰、肝、肾组织结构的变化

目的探讨高糖高脂高胆固醇饲料对新西兰兔血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇水平和胰、肝、肾组织结构的影响.方法将雄性新西兰兔20只随机分为2组,10只饲以基础饲料作为正常对照组（C组）;10只饲以高糖高脂高胆固醇饲料作为实验组（HD组）,共观察16周,每4周从禁食过夜的兔耳缘静脉抽取血样,测定血清中葡萄糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平.16周时全部处死动物,取胰腺、肝脏和肾脏,用10%中性甲醛液固定,常规石蜡包埋切片,作HE染色、VG染色,并用免疫组织化学方法检测胰岛β细胞.结果与对照组相比,实验组出现空腹血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、葡萄糖相继升高（P＜0.05）.以不同喂养时间作方差分析,整体上差异具有统计学意义.喂养16周后,实验组胰、肝、肾病理检查及胰腺免疫组化结果显示：胰岛数量减少,萎缩,胰岛内细胞数目亦减少,胞核浓染、缩小,胞浆内空泡变性明显,红染加深;肝脏脂肪样变性,纤维化;肾小球肥大,硬化,而正常对照组组织结构基本正常.结论高糖高脂高胆固醇饲料对新西兰兔具有脂肪毒性和葡萄糖毒性,可致血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇水平升高,并可引起胰岛β细胞和肝脏、肾脏组织结构损伤.     

胸腔积液细胞形态学、生物化学、肿瘤标志物检测对诊断恶性肿瘤的临床意义

目的:对胸腔积液进行细胞形态学、生物化学、肿瘤标志物的检测,探讨其结果在诊断恶性肿瘤方面的临床意义。方法:胸腔积液细胞形态学检测采用离心推片法及瑞氏-姬姆萨复合染色鉴定细胞性质;LDH、TP、Cl、ALB、TC、Crp生物化学指标在奥林巴斯2700全自动生化分析仪上检测;CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE肿瘤标志物在Elecsys 2010上检测,FDP检测采用酶联免疫胶乳凝集法。结果:在选择的60例胸腔积液标本中,有30例胸腔积液为恶性肿瘤,查到癌细胞24例,检出率80%,与病理学、影像学恶性肿瘤诊断符合率为95%,但是未查到癌细胞并不一定能排除恶性肿瘤,本组资料的癌细胞阳性率为80%(24/30)。LDH阳性率为67%(20/30),FDP阳性率为47%(14/30),CEA阳性率为50%(15/30),CYFRA21-1阳性率为77%(23/30)。TP、Cl、ALB、TC、Crp、NSE的检测在鉴别肿瘤方面无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:查到癌细胞和CEA、CYFRA21-1、LDH、FDP的联合检测在鉴别恶性肿瘤方面有显著性差异(P<0.01),为恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断提供了可靠依据。因此在临床诊断中综合分析这些指标可作为恶性肿瘤诊断的依据,值得大力推广。     

黄芪对体外培养心肌细胞保护作用的实验研究

目的：观察黄芪对体外培养的缺糖缺氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用。方法：心肌细胞原代单层培养，观察心肌细胞形态学变化、细胞生化数据的改变以及超微结构形态学的变化。结果：药物组与药物对照组的心肌细胞内上述细胞损伤变化均得到明显恢复。结论：黄芪对体外培养的缺糖缺氧心肌细胞具有明显的保护作用。     

五年制医学专业生物化学PBL教学实践与初探

目的激发学生的学习兴趣与参与意识，培养高素质的医学人才。方法将学生分成若干小组，每小组10人，在1名教师指导下进行三段式PBL教学。结果学生由被动变为主动，学习的积极性提高了，综合分析问题和解决问题的能力、口头表达能力与交际能力提高了，同学之间的协作关系加强了。结论PBL教学比单纯灌输的教学效果要好。不过，进行PBL教学时要选好年级、选好班级、选好教师。     

Modification of the lecithin-sphingomyelin assay for fetal development

Modifications in the lecithin/sphingomyelin assay have been introduced which provide for a rapid, sensitive, reproducible, and economical procedure for the determination of fetal maturity. This procedure can be carried out easily by individuals with a minimal amount of training and equipment. The method as modified has been shown to be accurate in the assessment of fetal maturity in the 100 normal pregnancies studied. This test is recommended before delivery, particularly in complicated cases, to predict the risk of pulmonary immaturity.     

Response of immature chicken meniscus to strenuous exercise: biochemical studies of proteoglycan and collagen

Male white Leghorn chickens were exercised on a treadmill at 70-80% of their maximal oxygen consumption starting at 4 weeks and continuing up to 20 weeks of age. The effect of the strenuous exercise regime on the extracellular matrix of menisci was followed through studies of proteoglycans and collagen. Avian menisci contain type I collagen, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, which increase with age in amount and degree of aggregation, and dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, which decrease with age. Five weeks of exercise cause a premature decrease of dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, while the chondroitin sulfate-containing molecules become significantly more aggregated than those of the tissue of age-matched controls. Strenuous exercise also causes a significant decrease in the number of pyridinoline crosslinks per mole of collagen in the menisci of young runners. The exercise-induced changes of proteoglycan and collagen occur only during the period of active growth, and all parameters return to normal when the animals reach skeletal maturity. The early proteoglycan aggregation and dermatan sulfate decrease induced by exercise are probably an adaptation to the increased loading. Although the mechanism by which strenuous exercise reduces or delays the formation of collagen pyridinoline crosslinks in menisci of skeletally immature animals is unknown, their decrease could negatively affect the mechanical properties of the tissue during the period of active growth.