Development and validation of the computerized bilateral motor coordination test

The purpose of this study was to explore the validity of computerized scaling of bilateral, motor coordination in children 4–6 years of age. There were 623 children with an average age of 5, years and 2 months (standard deviation = 6 months) that participated. The 290 girls (46.5%) and 333, boys (53.5%) were from a purposive sample taken from public and private kindergartens in Taiwan. The computerized bilateral motor coordination test included two subtests, bilateral coordination, movements and projected actions. The motion analysis, with mark position and contour motion, was, used to collect important variables from the subtests. Using the judgments of the experts as the, criterion standards, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the tool were calculated to evaluate the, validity of the computerized bilateral motor coordination test. The accuracy, sensitivity, and, specificity of the bilateral coordination movement subtests were on average 83.9%, 86.4%, and 83.1%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the projected action subtests were on average, 90.5%, 88.1%, and 90.4%, respectively. The computerized bilateral motor coordination tests showed, an average accuracy of 86.3%, a sensitivity of 87.0%, and a specificity of 85.8%. The computerized, bilateral motor coordination test could be a valuable tool when used to identify problems of bilateral, motor coordination and in permitting early intervention to remedy these problems.     

Monitorización con espectrograma del sistema de monitorización BIS VISTA™ en una hemisferectomía funcional

We present the case of an adult patient with drug-resistant epilepsy caused by extensive inflammation in the right cerebral hemisphere. She was scheduled to undergo right functional hemispherectomy, which is common in pediatric surgery, but about which few studies have been published with respect to adult patients. During the intraoperative period, the density spectral array of the bilateral bispectral index (BIS) VISTA^TM monitoring system was used. We observed a power increase in low frequency (0.1-4 Hz) and alpha bands (8-12 Hz) in the right hemisphere, where the epileptogenic focus was. During disconnection from the frontal lobe, there was a marked decrease of power in low frequency and alpha bands on the right side, with no changes during disconnection from other areas of the brain. We think that further studies are needed to determine whether the density spectral array can be a useful tool for monitoring the effectiveness of functional hemispherectomy.     

Percheron动脉梗死4例临床分析

目的提高临床医生对Percheron动脉梗死的认识和诊断水平。方法总结4例Percheron动脉梗死的临床表现、影像特点、治疗及预后。结果4例均急性起病,意识障碍后出现智能障碍及眼肌麻痹,按缺血性脑卒中治疗,患者临床症状均有改善。4例磁共振Tt及T2加权像均见双侧丘脑旁正中碟形长T1长T2信号,3例磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）示双侧丘脑旁正中以及中脑高信号,其中1例中脑为“v”字形高信号。结论以卒中样形式起病,有典型临床表现,结合MRI示双侧丘脑旁正中见碟形长T1长T2信号、DWI高信号及中脑“V”字征有助于Percheron动脉梗死的诊断。     

The persistent effects of unilateral pallidal and subthalamic deep brain stimulation on force control in advanced Parkinson's patients

The persistent effects of unilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) or subthalamic nucleus (STN) on specific movement parameters produced by Parkinson's disease (PD) patients are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of unilateral GPi and STN DBS on the force-producing capabilities of PD patients during maximal efforts and functional bimanual dexterity. Clinical and biomechanical data were collected from 14 unilaterally implanted patients (GPi=7; STN=7), at least 13 months post-DBS surgery, during On and Off stimulation in the absence of medication. Unilateral DBS of either location produced a 33% improvement in UPDRS motor scores. Significant gains in maximum force production were present in both limbs during unimanual efforts. The greatest increase in maximum force, for both limbs, was under bimanual conditions. Force in the contralateral limb increased more than 30% during bimanual efforts while ipsilateral force increased by 25%. Unilateral DBS improved grasping force control and consistency of digit placement during the performance of a bimanual dexterity task. The clinical and biomechanical data indicate that unilateral DBS of GPi or STN results in persistent improvements in the control and coordination of grasping forces during maximal efforts and functional dexterous actions. Unilateral DBS implantation of either site should be considered an option for those patients in which bilateral procedures are contraindicated.     

The stability of bilateral sagittal ramus osteotomy and vertical ramus osteotomy after bimaxillary correction of class III malocclusion

Introduction

The purpose of this retrospective cephalometric study was to compare the stability of bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) with extra-oral vertical ramus osteotomy (VRO) after correction of class III malocclusion by means of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.

Methods

The sample comprised 51 consecutively treated patients, 38 females and 13 males, with a mean age of 19.1 years. All had a one-piece Le Fort I osteotomy with maxillary advancement and mandibular setback. VRO was performed in 30 cases, and BSSO was performed in 21 cases. Lateral cephalograms were obtained before surgery, within 1 week of surgery and 1 year after surgery.

Results

The mean forward movement of the maxilla was 5.6 mm in both groups (p < 0.001). The mean horizontal surgical change in the VRO group was 4.4 mm (p < 0.001), and in the BSSO group it was 5.4 mm (p < 0.001). In the VRO group, the horizontal relapse was 1.2 mm (p < 0.001), and in the BSSO group, it was 1.4 mm (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

There was no difference in the stability between the BSSO and VRO groups. The average relapse in the whole sample was 26% of the surgical movement.     

Conventional orthodontic treatment for isolated cleft palate with bilateral mild crossbite

This is a case report of a female patient who demonstrated bilateral posterior crossbite with isolated cleft palate. Molar relation was Class I on the right side and Class II on the left side. Maxillary dental midline was deviated 1.0 mm to the left. To establish the Class I relation, comprehensive orthodontic treatment without extraction was planned. Initially, an open coil spring was activated between the first premolar and the first molar to make space for the second premolar. Subsequently, Class II elastics were used to align the dentition and establish Class I relation. Bilateral crossbite was significantly improved, and the molar relation improved to Class I. Although the maxillary arch width was slightly decreased post-retention, intercuspation was maintained during the retention phase.     

Bilateral triceps tendon approach is flexible and efficient in the treatment of type C distal humerus fractures

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess and compare elbow range of motion, triceps extension strength and functional results of type C (AO/OTA) distal humerus fractures treated with bilateral triceps tendon (BTT) approach and olecranon osteotomy (OO). At the same time, we are also trying to know whether BTT approach can provide sufficient vision for comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus, and whether it is convenient to convert to the treatment to total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) or OO.MethodsPatients treated with OO and BTT approaches for type C distal humerus fractures between July 2014 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria include: (1) patients' age were more than 18 years old, (2) follow-up was no less than 6 months, and (3) patients were diagnosed with type C fractures (based on the AO/OTA classification). Exclusion criteria include: (1) open fractures (Gustillo type 2 or type 3), (2) treated by other approaches, and (3) presented with combined injuries of ipsilateral upper extremities, such as ulnar nerve. Elbow range of motion and triceps extension strength testing were completely valuated, when the fractures had healed. Assessment of functional results using the Mayo elbow performance score and complications were conducted in final follow-up. The data were compared using the two tailed Student's t-test. All data were presented as mean ± standard deviation.ResultsEighty-six patients of type C distal humerus fractures, treated by OO and BTT approach were retrospectively reviewed between July 2014 and December 2017. Fifty-five distal humerus fractures (23 males and 32 females, mean age 52.7 years) treated by BTT approach or OO were included in this study. There were 10 fractures of type C1, 16 type C2 and 29 type C3 according to the AO/OTA classification. Patients were divided into two surgical approach groups chosen by the operators: BTT group (28 patients) and OO group (27 patients). And the mean follow-up time of all patients was 15.6 months (range, 6–36 months). Three cases in BTT group were converted to TEA, and one converted to OO. Only one case in BTT group presented poor articular reduction with a step more than 2 mm. There were not significantly different in functional outcomes according to the Mayo elbow performance score, operation time and extension flexion motion are values between BTT group and OO group (p > 0.05). Complications and reoperation rate were also similar in the two groups. Triceps manual muscle testing were no significant difference in the two groups, even subdivided in elder patients (aged >60 years old).ConclusionBTT is a safe approach to achieve similar functional result comparing with OO. BTT were not suitable for every case with severe comminuted pattern, but it avoids the potential complications related to OO, and has no complications concerning with triceps tendon. It is convenient for open reduction internal fixation and flexible to be converted to OO, as well as available to be converted to TEA in elder patients.     

乳晕双菱形真皮瓣交叉填充支撑法矫正乳头内陷

目的探讨一种乳晕双菱形真皮瓣交叉填充支撑法矫正乳头内陷的手术方法及矫正效果。方法对乳头内陷36例64侧,设计双菱形去表皮真皮瓣,于乳头基底部交叉填充支撑乳头,并固定。术后乳头悬吊1周．10d拆线。结果36例乳头内陷患者术后均未发生乳头血运障碍。随访6个月至3年,乳头内陷无复发,乳头外形医患双方均满意,乳头感觉无障碍。结论采用乳晕双菱形真皮瓣交叉填充支撑法矫正乳头内陷,操作简单,乳头形态自然,血运无障碍,感觉功能正常,切口隐蔽,瘢痕不明显,能保留哺乳功能,是较为理想的乳头内陷矫治方法。     

双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的诊治体会

目的探讨双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的诊治特点。方法26例高龄双侧慢性硬膜下血肿,全部病例均行头颅CT检查。2例在全麻下,其它在局麻下采取双侧钻单孔引流术。选定血肿最厚层面前中1／2到1／3处为钻孔点。结果漏诊一侧1例,其余术前诊断正确。25例术后痊愈,1例原有神经功能恢复不明显。结论仔细观察CT和选定合适的钻孔点是诊治的关键。     

Increasing incidence of bilateral mastectomies: the patient perspective

Background

Numerous studies have reported increasing rates of contralateral prophylactic mastectomies (CPMs). Understanding patient rationale for the surgical choice may provide insight into this trend.

Methods

A questionnaire was mailed to 350 mastectomy patients identified from a community health system tumor registry.

Results

Two hundred fifty questionnaires were received; of these, 237 had undergone mastectomy. Fifty-two percent had unilateral mastectomy (UM), and 43% had bilateral mastectomies (BMs) (6% for bilateral disease). Women younger than 60 years of age were more likely to choose BM (P = .0046). Those who had CPM were significantly more likely to make the same surgical decision (P < .0001). Reconstruction was performed in 52%, with BM patients more likely to undergo reconstruction (P = .009). Twenty-three (19%) needed unanticipated reoperation for reconstruction complications. CPM had equivalent rates of unanticipated surgery versus UM (P = .64).

Conclusions

Patients choosing BMs are younger, have equivalent rates of reoperation because of reconstruction complications, and are significantly more satisfied with their decision than those who chose UM.