腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗良性卵巢囊肿的疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢囊肿的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2007年1月至2008年1月在我院分别接受腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗卵巢囊肿的患者各32例。结果:腹腔镜组切口明显小于开腹组,术中出血量、手术时间明显少于开腹组,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001);腹腔镜组患者术后镇痛药物使用人数明显少于开腹组(P<0.001),术后肠蠕动恢复时间、住院天数明显短于开腹组(P<0.001),术后工作恢复时间、术后病率明显优于开腹组(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿手术安全有效,具有创伤小、术后恢复快、住院时间短及术后病率低等特点。     

TURP联合膀胱造瘘 peel-away大通道弹道碎石治疗BPH并发多发膀胱大结石

目的：探讨一期腔内治疗BPH并发膀胱结石的有效、快捷治疗方法。方法：采用TURP联合肾镜下气压弹道碎石、清石术治疗BPH并发膀胱结石30例。结果：30例均一次手术成功,元输血、TufuP综合征及严重感染等并发症发生。术后复查KUB、膀胱内均未见残石,清石率迭100％。住院7—9d,最大尿流率较术前明显改善。结论：TURP联合膀胱造瘘peel—away大通道肾镜下气压弹道碎石、清石术治疗BPH并发膀胱结石,创伤小、手术时间短、恢复快、安全高效,是治疗BPH并发膀胱结石的理想方法。     

前列腺增生合并膀胱癌的腔内手术治疗

目的 探讨前列腺增生症合并膀胱癌的治疗方法和效果。方法 回顾性分析37例前列腺增生症合并膀胱癌患者的临床资料。结果 37例均同期行膀胱肿瘤及前列腺汽化电切术（TVP和TVBT）,平均手术时间为75分钟,全部病例无输血和膀胱穿孔。术后平均留置尿管50小时,37例随访7—54个月,复发5例,复发率为13．8％（5／37）。结论 BPH患者易并发膀胱肿瘤,TVP和TVBT同期手术具有良好的治疗效果,尤其适合高危高龄患者。     

前列腺动脉的解剖及临床意义

前列腺动脉的起源和走行具有较高的变异性;传统解剖学中的前列腺动脉描述与活体影像解剖的表现有部分差异;正确辨认前列腺动脉及其与周围血管的吻合是血管内介入诊疗前列腺疾病的首要和关键.     

气管内支架治疗气管良性狭窄11例

目的：探讨气管内支架治疗气管良性狭窄的疗效。方法：１９８２年２月至１９９８年８月间应用气管内支架治疗１１例气管良性狭窄,其中Ｙ形硅胶管支架置入术４例,Ｓｔｒｅｃｋｅｒ金属网状支架置入术１例。结果：随访４￣１８０个月。８例临床效果良好,其中４例拔除内支架。并发症包括肉芽组织形成３例,其中２例更换支架;围术期咳痰困难５例。结论：不同病因良性气和狭窄在选择治疗方法时应严格按照治疗原则,对气管壁全层皆已成     

经尿道前列腺电汽化术的并发症及防治

目的　探讨经尿道前列腺电汽化术（ＴＶＰ） 术中及术后的常见并发症及产生原因,以提高ＴＶＰ 治疗效果。　方法　对３８０ 例有症状的良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ） 患者行ＴＶＰ 术。平均年龄６８－３ 岁。术前及术后测定血常规、血钠和血糖,术后随访１ ～３ 个月。　结果　本组无死亡率。术中平均出血８６ｍｌ,血常规、血钠及血糖变化不明显,发生经尿道电切综合征（ＴＵＲＳ） 先兆２ 例。术后尿道狭窄发生率为３－２％ ,继发性出血０－５ ％ ,尿路感染４－７ ％ ,阳萎２－３ ％ ,逆行射精４５－６ ％ ,无真性尿失禁。　结论　ＴＶＰ术中保持清晰的视野可预防ＴＵＲＳ 的发生。操作损伤是引起尿道狭窄的重要原因。术前控制尿路感染及保持前列腺窝内平整可减少尿路感染的发生     

排尿法CT诊断前列腺增生的研究

目的：采用排尿法ＣＴ（ＭＣＴ）检查方法，评价增生的前列腺组织对尿道的压迫、对排尿功能的影响和膀胱的继发性改变。方法：将３２例患者分为二组：正常组１０例，增生组２２例。增生组又分为３个型，肿块型１４例，结节型３例，混合型５例。在注射造影剂后３０ｍｉｎ～１ｈ，进行排尿法ＣＴ检查。观察前列腺段尿道的形态改变及计算其截面积；记录排尿时间、排尿量；计算膀胱残余尿量及膀胱排尿指数；观察膀胱壁的形态改变。结果：正常前列腺段尿道有点圆形、椭圆形、圆形及三角形等数种形态，它们是不同排尿时相的表现。尿道后壁中央有精阜突出，尿道内口呈圆形。增生组表现为尿道受压，截面积变小和尿道移位、扭曲等，同时伴有排尿功能的改变和膀胱残余尿量的增加。肿块型增生时，尿道受压较严重，排尿时间明显延长。结节型增生对排尿时间影响不大。膀胱壁的继发改变有膀胱小梁形成及真性和／或假性憩室。结论：ＭＣＴ能揭示前列腺增生的病理过程——压迫尿道产生排尿不畅以及膀胱的继发病变，是一种较为理想的前列腺增生的检查方法     

The MRI appearance of the optic nerve sheath following fenestration for benign intracranial hypertension

Optic nerve fenestration is carried out in cases of severe benign intracranial hypertension. This study aimed to monitor the optic nerve sheath appearances and orbital changes that occur following this procedure. The eight patients were all female with an average age of 37.3 years and a range of 20–58 years. The duration of symptoms was 2–6 years. Symptoms included headaches, diplopia and visual obscurations. Examination revealed severe papilledema. All investigations, including MRI, biochemical and immunological tests, were negative. Patients had fenestration of a 2 mm × 3 mm segment of the medial aspect of the optic nerve sheath. Imaging was obtained with a 1 T MRI machine using a head coil. Coronal, axial and sagittal 3 mm contiguous sections using STIR sequences with TR 4900 ms, IT 150 ms and TE 60 ms were obtained. Five patients showed clinical improvement. The post-operative MRI findings in four of these included a decreased volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) around the optic nerve sheaths and a localized collection of fluid within the orbit. There were no MRI changes in the three patients with no clinical improvement. Decreased CSF volume around the optic nerve and a fluid collection within the orbit may indicate a favorable outcome in optic nerve fenestration. Received 23 June 1997; Revision received 16 January 1998; Accepted 18 March 1998     

Surgical strategies in the removal of malignant tumors and benign lesions of the anterior skull base

The choice of surgical approaches to the tumors of the anterior skull base is determined by the location, dimensions of such lesions and their relations to the surrounding structures. Furthermore, the need for the reconstruction of the dura and skull base structures has an important influence on the decision about the surgical procedure. Transfacial approaches provide limited exposure, especially when tumors damage the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and involve the frontobasal dura and brain. Transcranial, craniofacial and subcranial approaches in particular may aid a surgeon in the removal of such lesions, and often these surgical procedures are the only beneficial methods. Our study comprised 15 patients. Transcranial approaches were used in ten cases. In five further cases, we adopted craniofacial or subcranial approaches. Total removal of these lesions was possible in 13 cases. Neither important complications nor death after surgery was observed except for two cases (craniofacial/subcranial approach) where the CSF leak and CNS infection were reported. We deem that the transcranial approach creates a good possibility for total removal of anterior skull base tumors, particularly of the benign lesions, and permits reconstruction of the skull base damaged by the tumor. However, in patients with large malignant tumors, the en bloc resection via the combined craniofacial/subcranial approach achieved better outcome.Parts of the materials of this research were presented at the 12th European Congress of Neurosurgery—EANS 2003, 7–12 September, Lisboa, Portugal     

经直肠超声检查在良性前列腺增生梗阻诊断中的价值

目的　分析经直肠超声 (TRUS)测定前列腺相关指标在良性前列腺增生 (BPH)诊断中的价值。　方法　以排尿困难就诊的BPH患者 92例 ,除外影响排尿的其他因素。分别统计患者年龄、病史、国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)和血清PSA水平等。应用灰阶TRUS测定前列腺体积、移行带体积并计算移行带指数 (TZI) ;彩色多普勒记录尿道动脉图像 ,测定最大血流 (PK1)、最小血流 (PK2 ) ,并计算阻力指数 (RI)。测定最大尿流率 (Qmax)、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力 (PdetQmax)并计算AG值 ,AG =PdetQmax- 2Qmax。　结果　相关性分析结果显示TZI(r =0 .80 2 ,P =0 .0 13)、IPSS(r =0 .70 4 ,P =0 .0 2 3)、RI(r=0 .897,P =0 .0 0 4 )与AG显著相关。多元回归分析结果显示TZI、RI为AG的相关因素 (复相关系数R =0 .94 7,决定系数R2 =0 .897,校正决定系数 =0 .793,P =0 .0 0 3) ,RI对AG的影响强度约为TZI的 1.94倍 (0 .770 /0 .397)。除外TZI的影响后 ,RI为AG的独立相关因素 (偏相关系数r =0 .785 ,P =0 .0 0 4 )。若定义AG≥ 4 0时为梗阻性 ,AG <4 0为非梗阻性 ;以RI≥ 0 .75为标准能诊断 93%(5 3/5 7)的梗阻患者 ,排除 91% (32 /35 )的非梗阻患者。　结论　应用多普勒TRUS测定TZI和尿道动脉的RI对BPH梗阻情况有良好的诊断价值。