电化学发光法检测游离前列腺抗原的效果评价

目的 探讨电化学发光法检测游离前列腺抗原的效果.方法 选取正常体检者80例.经活检确诊的患有前列腺疾病的患者214例,其中前列腺癌(PCa)79例,前列腺增生(BPH)71例,前列腺炎(BP)64例.采用电化学发光法(ECLA)检测各组患者血清总前列腺特异性抗原(tPSA)、与游离前列腺特异性抗原(fPSA)水平并计算其比值f/tPSA.以fPSA＜1 ng/ml为临界点,分析四组患者在fPSA各水平的符合率差异,并计算上述各区间范围内FPSA诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值.结果 前列腺炎组、前列腺增生组患者游离前列腺抗原fPSA、总前列腺抗原tPSA升高,二者比值fPSA/tPSA降低(P＜0.05).前列腺癌组的fPSA、tPSA升高更加明显,fPSA/tPSA值也显著降低(P＜0.05).正常组与前列腺癌组符合率均为100％,前列腺炎组为93.67％,前列腺增生组为95.77％.总符合率为94.72％.结论 电化学发光法检测游离前列腺抗原灵敏度高,特异性强,适用于临床诊断、鉴别前列腺疾病,值得推广.     

联合血液学指标和超声建立甲状腺结节术前良恶性鉴别模型

目的 结合大量临床诊断病例的验证分析,寻找术前甲状腺结节相关指标,建立甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别早期辅助诊断模型.方法 研究解放军总医院收治甲状腺结节住院患者并及时收集其术前血液样本用于生化、甲功、血常规等相关指标测定.回顾性验证分析术前病人一般资料、临床血液学数据、超声结果与术后病理诊断的相关性.结果 入选Logistic回归方程指标包括年龄(Age)、血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、中性粒细胞计数(N)、超声结果(Ult)5项,建模方程为Logit(P)=1.673-0.069X1+0.301X3-1.499X8+5.335X10+ 21.182X12,模型组联合ROC曲线下面积为0.882;验证组为0.812.结论 通过模型分析初步建立甲状腺结节术前良恶性鉴别的血液学指标应用基础,联合超声为手术选择提供客观依据.     

Early prediction of encephalopathic transformation in children with benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes

BackgroundMost children with Benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BECTS) undergo remission during late adolescence and do not require treatment. In a small group of patients, the condition may evolve to encephalopathic syndromes including epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep (ECSWS), or Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (LKS). Development of prediction models for early identification of at-risk children is of utmost importance.AimTo develop a predictive model of encephalopathic transformation using data-driven approaches, reveal complex interactions to identify potential risk factors.MethodsData were collected from a cohort of 91 patients diagnosed with BECTS treated between the years 2005–2017 at a pediatric neurology institute. Data on the initial presentation was collected based on a novel BECTS ontology and used to discover potential risk factors and to build a predictive model. Statistical and machine learning methods were compared.ResultsA subgroup of 18 children had encephalopathic transformation. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression Model with Elastic Net was able to successfully detect children with ECSWS or LKS. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.83 and 0.44. The most notable risk factors were fronto-temporal and temporo-parietal localization of epileptic foci, semiology of seizure involving dysarthria or somatosensory auras.ConclusionNovel prediction model for early identification of patients with BECTS at risk for ECSWS or LKS. This model can be used as a screening tool and assist physicians to consider special management for children predicted at high-risk. Clinical application of machine learning methods opens new frontiers of personalized patient care and treatment.     

Paediatric focal nodular hyperplasia: A case study of typical contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings with quantitative analysis and correlated with magnetic resonance imaging

IntroductionFocal nodular hyperplasia, a benign liver tumour, is the second most common focal benign liver lesion, after a cavernous haemangioma. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is used increasingly for the diagnostic work up and follow-up of focal liver lesions in adults, but is particularly valuable in the paediatric population, with the ability to reduce radiation and the nephrotoxic contrast agents used in computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Confident recognition of focal nodular hyperplasia is important; it is benign, usually asymptomatic, of no clinical significance, of no clinical consequence or malignant potential. We present a case of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver with its characteristic findings on conventional ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound with quantitative analysis and correlated with magnetic resonance imaging.Case presentation: A 15-year-old female with right upper quadrant abdominal pain was referred for liver ultrasound. A focal liver lesion was detected on B-mode ultrasound examination, and colour Doppler demonstrated no specific features. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination demonstrated early arterial enhancement, with a characteristic spoke-wheel pattern, centrifugal uniform filling of the lesion on the late arterial phase and sustained enhancement on the portal venous phase. Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound has been performed, showing a typical curve of enhancement, as well as characteristic parametric images, supporting the interpretation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and assisting the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a central T2 hyperintense scar and similar enhancement characteristics as contrast-enhanced ultrasound on T1 gadolinium-enhanced sequences.ConclusionContrast-enhanced ultrasound is a useful technique for the differentiation of benign from malignant liver lesions and has the potential to establish the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia, based on the enhancement pattern, which is similar to that observed on magnetic resonance imaging but can be better appreciated with superior temporal, contrast and spatial resolution of contrast-enhanced ultrasound.     

Elevation of Carbohydrate Antigen 19.9 in Benign Hepatobiliary Conditions and Its Correlation with Serum Bilirubin Concentration

Background Carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9), a tumor marker for malignancies of the hepatobiliary tract and pancreas, has frequently been shown to be deranged in a number of non-malignant conditions that are associated with jaundice. This study aims to demonstrate the correlation between CA19.9 and serum bilirubin concentration in patients with benign conditions and to determine the frequency of a false-positive increase in CA19.9 in patients being investigated for potential HPB malignancies. Methods This is a retrospective review of 83 consecutive patients presenting with an abnormal CA19.9 and radiological or clinical features suggestive of HPB malignancy subsequently shown to have benign disease. All patients were thoroughly investigated and followed up until the diagnosis of malignancy could be safely excluded. Results Serum bilirubin, sodium, lymphocyte count, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR), β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), and age were found to correlate with CA19.9 by Pearson’s correlation (P = 0.001, P = 0.006, P = 0.006, P < 0.001, P = 0.012, and P = 0.049, respectively). In multivariate regression analysis, bilirubin was identified as an independent variable that may predict CA19.9 level (P = 0.028). Conclusion CA19.9 level is significantly influenced by serum bilirubin and elevated levels have been observed in patients with non-malignant HPB conditions. Adjusting CA19.9 according to bilirubin levels is likely to improve the specificity of this antigen in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant HPB diseases and its reliability in the monitoring of disease response to chemotherapy.     

Papillary Cystadenoma of Minor Salivary Glands: Report of 11 Cases and Review of the English Literature

Papillary cystadenoma is a rare, benign salivary gland tumor which is well-circumscribed, containing cystic cavities with intraluminal papillary projections. Only 19 cases arising within minor salivary glands (MnSG) from the oral cavity sites have been reported in the English literature (PubMed 1958–2014). We report 11 new cases of MnSG papillary cystadenomas in conjunction with a review of the literature. Demographic information, clinical and histologic features, treatment and prognosis are compiled and discussed for all 30 cases reported in the English literature.     

Spontaneous healing of an osteochondroma fracture

Osteochondroma is the most common benign tumor of bone, usually asymptomatic. Fracture of an osteochondroma is a rare complication and has been recognized as a cause of pain. Treatment of this fracture is controversial and some authors suggest fracture as an indication for surgical excision. We present a case of fractured osteochondroma that healed without complication.