北京市10个远郊区县新型农村合作医疗村级定点医疗机构布局探讨

目的 为了方便农村居民新型农村合作医疗村级报销,北京市10个远郊区、县需增设村级定点医疗机构.方法 利用主成分分析、规划软件LINDO 6.1实现对村级定点医疗机构的合理规划.结果 北京市10个远郊区、县需要在608个行政村中增设村级定点医疗机构才能满足未覆盖的1002个行政村村民的新型农村合作医疗报销需求.结论 布局模型的构建,为不同地理环境农村的村级定点医疗机构的规划提供了可借鉴的理论方法.     

2013年北京市某中职学校女生健康危险行为调查研究

目的了解中职女生健康危险行为发生情况,为学校开展健康教育活动提供依据。方法对938名女生进行无记名问卷调查。结果过去7天里,被调查女生中有40．2％没有每天吃早餐,54．1％为减肥控制饮食;过去7天里,45．7％的女生没有一天运动至少60min,62．2％每天玩手机≥4h;过去12个月里,20．8％的女生曾经认真想过自杀,23．6％曾经想过离家出走,39.3％曾经尝试吸烟,27．2％曾经醉酒,84．6％曾经在校接受过艾滋病知识教育,7．7％曾经与异性发生过性行为。结论该校女生中存在各种健康危险行为,今后学校应加强对学生健康危险行为的监测工作,采取有针对性的健康教育措施。     

Prevalence and Related Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Beijing,China (Year 2017)

ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the major public health problems worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of MetS in Beijing to formulate targeted policies.MethodsData from the 2017 Beijing Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance were used in this study, in which multistage stratified cluster sampling was adopted to collect a representative sample of 12,597 Beijing residents aged from 18 to 79 years. According to the definition of the International Diabetes Federation, the weighted prevalence of MetS and clustering of MetS components were estimated. The Rao-Scott adjusted χ² test was used to test differences in MetS and components rates, and complex sampling unconditional logistic regression was used to explore influencing factors of MetS.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 25.59% (95% CI 23.77–27.41), and the proportion of men and women was 30.53% (95% CI 28.32–32.75) and 20.44% (95% CI 18.29–22.58), respectively. The proportion of central obesity, high fasting plasma glucose, high triglyceride, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high blood pressure (BP) was 42.02, 27.96, 32.87, 27.25, and 43.06%, respectively. A total of 29.60% (95% CI 27.55–31.74) participants presented at least three components of MetS. The results from complex sampling unconditional logistic regression revealed that the risk factors for having MetS included being 45–59 years old, being 60–79 years old, being male, living in a rural area, education with junior middle school level, education with primary school or below level, harmful use of alcohol, inappropriate sleep time, and having an unhealthy waist-to-height ratio (WHtR); the OR values were 1.55 (95% CI 1.32–1.81), 1.94 (95% CI 1.62–2.31), 1.51 (95% CI 1.34–1.70), 1.27 (95% CI 1.06–1.52), 1.38 (95% CI 1.13–1.68), 1.44 (95% CI 1.13–1.84), 1.50 (95% CI 1.14–1.99), 1.23 (95% CI 1.10–1.37), and 238.20 (95% CI 92.54–613.12), respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MetS is still in a rising trend in Beijing. Strategies aimed at prevention and control of high BP should be prioritized to reduce the occurrence of MetS. WHtR is more important to evaluate MetS. Health education and personalized lifestyle intervention should be promoted to keep a healthy WHtR and waist circumference. An appropriate sleep time should be kept, and harmful alcohol drinkers should limit or abstain from alcohol.     

Preconception alanine aminotransferase concentrations and risk of preterm birth in rural Chinese women aged 20–49 years: a population-based cohort study

Background

Previous studies have shown maternal hepatitis B virus infection is associated with preterm birth. However, whether liver dysfunction caused by hepatitis B virus infection or other factors can lead to preterm delivery needs further exploration. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a sensitive indicator of liver function, but few studies have investigated the association between serum ALT concentrations and preterm birth. We aimed to examine the relationship between maternal preconception ALT concentration and risk of preterm birth.

北京市城市社区老年人轻度认知缺陷及相关因素分析

目的了解北京市城市社区老年人认知功能缺陷的状况及影响因素。方法采用非概率抽样法抽取北京市两个城市社区≥60岁471名老年人作为调查对象,采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)对入选老年人进行访谈。结果认知功能下降的检出率为67.5%(318/471),其中女性老年人认知功能下降的检出率高于男性(χ2=20.434,P0.001);随着学历的升高,认知功能下降的检出率呈下降趋势(χ2=16.761,P=0.001);个人独居、与子女同居的老年人认知功能下降的检出率高于与夫妇同居的老年人(χ2=6.924,P=0.009;χ2=3.935,P=0.047);患慢性病的老年人认知功能下降的检出率高于未患慢性病的老年人,差异存在统计学意义(χ2=7.094,P=0.008)。结论女性、受教育程度、居住状况和患有慢性病是老年人认知功能下降的影响因素。     

放射吸收法测量北京地区人群手指骨骨量的研究

放射吸收法（Radiographic Absorptiometry,RA) 利用放射性吸收的原理，经过对非优势侧手指骨排照X光后，经过扫描进入数码处理技术分析给出骨密度的报告，从而对骨折危险性进行预测。2001年夏，我们课题组使用美国CompuMed公司OsteoGram计算机分析系统对北京地区正常人群，10－89岁583人（其中男279人，女281人），进行了非优势手2，3，4指骨中节的RA骨密度测量。该设备先通过一个铝楔形物作为参照与手一起照射X光片，然后采用高分辨的扫描仪，对冲洗后的X光片经扫描成像后输入一个计算机分析系统，最后根据输入的图象以及被测病人的各种参数自动给出定量的骨矿密度参数及骨质疏松诊断报告。检测结果显示男性和女性的峰值骨密度均出现在20－29岁。该结果与刘忠原 教授80年代末使用SPA测量40000中国人群中远1／3前臂骨（桡骨、尺骨）结果具有极好的相关性。该结果表明RA测得的男性和女性的峰值骨密度以及BMD丢失百分率符合BMD丢失的一般规律，也具有BMD正常数据库的一般特征。     

小儿半椎体畸形的外科治疗探讨

目的：探讨小儿半椎体畸形的外科治疗及相关问题。方法：手术治疗94例半椎体畸形患儿，按照术式分为单纯半椎体切除组及半椎体切除后路加压固定组，随访观察术后情况，比较治疗效果。结果：两组侧弯均得到控制，后路加压固定组侧弯矫正明显好于单纯组，但术后并发症较多。结论：小儿半椎体畸形应早期手术治疗，前后路切除半椎体并加压固定可获得较好的治疗效果。     

天津地区临床分离株结核分枝杆菌分子流行病学研究

目的探讨天津地区结核分枝杆菌临床分离株分子流行病学特征。方法连续收集天津市海河医院2005年8月16日～11月25日就诊病人痰培养阳性的结核分枝杆菌100株，采用间隔区寡核苷酸分型（Spoligotyping）和数目可变串联重复序列（VNTR）两种方法进行基因分型，并运用软件对二者的结果进行分析。依据北京分化支的定义。运用多重和实时定量PCR方法将其区分为W菌/典型北京家族菌株和非典型北京菌株，x^2检验分析两种亚群与患者年龄和耐药性之间的联系。结果排除污染菌株，共对96株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株进行两种方法的基因分型，Spoligotyping结果为91．7％为北京基因型（含3株类北京基因型）结核分枝杆菌（88／96）。VNTR分型可将北京基因型分为60种基因型。在北京分化支结核分枝杆菌中，W菌/典型北京家族菌株占93．2％（82／88）。两种北京分化支亚群与患者年龄和耐药性没有显著性统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论天津地区结核病患者临床分离的结核分枝杆菌中，北京基因型呈现较为明显的优势。VNTR的分辨率明显高于Spoligotyping。北京分化支的两种亚群在天津地区临床结核病患者中均存在流行，但以W菌/典型北京家族菌株为主。     

结核分枝杆菌西安分离株北京家族基因型检测及其耐药相关性研究

目的了解西安市结核分枝杆菌临床分离株的耐药情况及其与北京家族基因型(Beijing Family)的相关性,为有效防治结核病提供依据。方法对临床分离结核分枝杆菌采用绝对浓度法进行药物敏感性检测。间隔寡核苷酸分型(Spoli-gotyping)方法进行北京家族基因型鉴定。结果统计学分析采用χ2检验。结果104株结核分枝杆菌对4种一线抗结核药物,异烟肼(INH)、利福平(RFP)、链霉素(SM)和乙胺丁醇(EMB),全部敏感的菌株为71株(68.3%);耐药菌株33株(31.7%),其中,单耐药菌株12株(11.5%),耐多药菌株21株(20.2%)。结核分枝杆菌对4种一线药物INH、RFP、SM和EMB的耐药率分别为24.04%(25/104)、18.69%(19/104)、16.34%(17/104)和2.88%(3/104)。104株结核分枝杆菌中北京家族基因型(BeijingFamily)占全部菌株的83.7%,非北京家族基因型占16.3%。87株北京家族基因型菌株中耐药菌株28株(32.18%),敏感菌株59株(67.82%),而17株非北京家族基因型菌株中耐药菌株5株(29.41%),敏感菌株为12株(70.59%)。经统计学分析其差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.05,P>0.05)。结论西安市分枝杆菌的耐药情况较为严重。结核分枝杆菌北京家族基因型与耐药性之间无明显相关性。