基于Apriori算法的含丹参-当归药对的方剂用药特点与规律分析

目的 通过挖掘整理含丹参-当归的方剂,利用统计软件系统分析其用药规律。方法 检索筛选《中医方剂大辞典》中含丹参-当归药对的方剂,利用Excel软件分析中药使用频次、频率及丹参-当归配伍特征和主治中医病证频次,运用SPSS Modeler 18.0软件关联规则Apriori算法进行数据挖掘。结果 通过统计共筛选出含丹参-当归药对的方剂390首,频次统计分析发现涉及中药504味,使用频次≥60的中药共22味,除丹参、当归外,核心高频药物为川芎、甘草、白芍、肉桂、地黄、牛膝6味。通过组方规律分析得到常用中药组合有丹参-当归-川芎、丹参-当归-甘草、丹参-当归-白芍。主治病证涉及105种,频次≥10的中医病证10种,以瘀血疼痛病症、妇科病症为主。通过网络可视化得到治疗月经病的核心中药组合为丹参-当归-川芎-白芍-香附,治疗痹证的核心中药组合为丹参-当归-川芎-肉桂,治疗虚劳病核心中药组合为丹参-当归-牛膝-肉桂-防风。结论 与丹参-当归配伍的高频中药为白芍、川芎、肉桂等,优势病证为月经病、痹证和虚劳病,揭示了丹参-当归药对的用药规律,为该药对在临床合理用药及深入研究与开发提供科学依据。     

COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: A national cohort study from Sweden

Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients run a high risk for adverse outcomes from COVID-19, with reported mortality around 19%. We retrospectively reviewed all known Swedish SOT recipients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 between March 1 and November 20, 2020 and analyzed patient characteristics, management, and outcome. We identified 230 patients with a median age of 54.0 years (13.2), who were predominantly male (64%). Most patients were hospitalized (64%), but 36% remained outpatients. Age >50 and male sex were among predictors of transition from outpatient to inpatient status. National early warning Score 2 (NEWS2) at presentation was higher in non-survivors. Thirty-day all-cause mortality was 9.6% (15.0% for inpatients), increased with age and BMI, and was higher in men. Renal function decreased during COVID-19 but recovered in most patients. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were identified in 78% of patients at 1–2 months post-infection. Nucleocapsid-specific antibodies decreased to 38% after 6–7 months, while spike-specific antibody responses were more durable. Seroprevalence in 559 asymptomatic patients was 1.4%. Many patients can be managed on an outpatient basis aided by risk stratification with age, sex, and NEWS2 score. Factors associated with adverse outcomes include older age, male sex, greater BMI, and a higher NEWS2 score.     

2011-2018年中国手足口病发病的时空特征及影响因素研究

目的 分析我国手足口病的时空特征,探讨社会、经济、人口和卫生服务等因素对我国手足口病发病的影响,为手足口病疫情防控提供参考依据。方法 采用贝叶斯时空模型对手足口病数据进行拟合,评估手足口病的时空变化,并识别手足口病发病风险与社会、经济、人口和卫生服务等因素的潜在关联。结果 2011-2018年,我国共报告手足口病例17 118 050例,死亡2 283例,2011-2014年报告发病率呈波动上升趋势,2014-2018年报告发病率呈波动下降趋势,报告死亡率一直呈波动下降趋势。手足口病的发病具有空间聚集性,报告发病率最高的地区为华南地区且为热点区域及高风险区域,报告发病率最低的为西北地区,冷点区域及低风险区域也集中在其部分区域。手足口病发病风险与人均地区生产总值（RR=3.54）、每万人规模以上工业企业单位数（RR=1.61）、城市化率（RR=3.00）、人口出生率（RR=2.36）、每万人医疗机构床位数（RR=3.40）和人均公园绿地面积（RR=0.57）有关。结论 2011-2018年我国手足口病防控重点区域为东南沿海地区,在加快城市化进程的同时需考虑增加人均公园绿地面积,以降低手足口病的发病率。     

Clinical Characteristics and Controllable Risk Factors of Osteoporosis in Elderly Men with Diabetes Mellitus

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics and controllable risk factors of osteoporosis in elderly men with type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA total of 250 elderly OP patients with T2DM were included in the present study. Patients with one or more common chronic diseases (including hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, chronic bronchitis, chronic nephrosis, and cirrhosis), and a course of more than 3 years were defined as complicated with chronic diseases. Blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, calcium, phosphorus, glycosylated hemoglobin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, fasting insulin, liver function, and 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 levels were measured. Bone mineral density was also measured.ResultsA total of 16 patients (6.4%) had severe osteoporosis. Furthermore, 66 patients (26.4%) had blood glucose control that reached the standard, while 176 patients (70.4%) used more than two anti‐diabetic drugs. The serum testosterone level was lower than the median in 87 patients (34.8%) and in 56 smokers (22.4%). Furthermore, 138 patients (55.2%) were overweight and obese, six patients (2.4%) were underweight, 197 patients (78.8%) had chronic diseases, 88 patients (35.2%) were sticking to exercise, and 117 patients (46.8%) had less exercise. In addition, 92 patients (36.8%) were treated with osteotrophy‐protective agents, and 24 patients (9.6%) received anti‐osteoporosis therapy. Smoking, poor glycemic control, low testosterone levels, less exercise, and complications with chronic diseases were the most relevant controllable risk factors.ConclusionFor elderly male osteoporosis patients with type‐2 diabetes, smoking cessation, blood sugar control up to the standard, regular exercise, active prevention and treatment of complications, and appropriate testosterone supplementation are necessary for preventing and curing osteoporosis.     

中国国家出生队列研究调查对象的基线特征分析

目的 探讨生命早期环境因素、遗传因素和遗传与环境交互作用对子代近期和远期健康的影响以及系统评价和比较辅助生殖受孕和自然受孕人群的妊娠结局和子代健康相关结局。方法 中国国家出生队列（CNBC）研究是一项覆盖辅助生殖受孕家庭和自然受孕家庭的多中心前瞻性出生队列研究。2016年,CNBC项目陆续在我国12个省（自治区、直辖市）的24所医院启动,以家庭为单位纳入研究对象,并在辅助生殖治疗前、胚胎移植、孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期及分娩时以及出生后第42天、6个月、12个月、36个月多个时点采集数据信息和生物样本。结果 截至2020年6月,CNBC共纳入27 044个辅助生殖受孕家庭,29 589个自然受孕家庭,CNBC的研究人群中绝大部分为城市居民。在辅助生殖受孕家庭中,男女双方分别有65.5%和63.7%为大学及以上文化程度,年龄为（33.83±5.52）和（32.38±4.67）岁;女方83.2%为初产妇,吸烟率为0.8%,饮酒率为2.1%。在自然受孕家庭中,男女双方分别有81.5%和86.5%为大学及以上文化程度,年龄为（32.06±5.09）和（30.40±4.27）岁,女方67.2%为初产妇,吸烟率为0.1%,饮酒率为2.2%。不同地区的辅助生殖受孕家庭和自然受孕家庭的基线特征均有差异。结论 CNBC的建立将为研究生命早期遗传、环境因素、遗传-环境交互作用以及辅助生殖技术治疗相关因素对出生后子代健康的影响提供了重要资源。     

To what extent do community characteristics drive health facility delivery? Findings among Women who had recent live births in Nigeria

Existing studies have established several individual drivers of health facility delivery in many developing countries. However, the community characteristics that drive health facility delivery have been less studied across developing countries. This study thus examines the extent to which community characteristics drives health facility delivery among women who had recent live births in Nigeria based on data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). A weighted sample size of 7,342 women was analysed. The outcome variable was health facility delivery. The explanatory variables were selected individual and community characteristics. Results show 39.7% prevalence of health facility delivery among the women. Findings further reveals that the community characteristics have significant effects on the variations in health facility delivery across the communities. Community characteristics significantly drive health facility delivery in Nigeria. More community-based priority actions are required to improve demand for health facility delivery in the country.     

2019冠状病毒病待排患者临床特征分析及鉴别诊断体会

目的　总结2019冠状病毒病（coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19）待排患者的临床特征和鉴别诊断体会,提高COVID-19的诊断技能。方法　回顾性分析53例COVID-19待排患者的临床资料,包括流行病学史,以及白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、PLT、CRP、LDH、胸部高分辨CT（high resolution CT, HRCT）等检查结果。结果　本研究的53例COVID-19待排患者中,男32例,女21例;年龄15～79岁,平均年龄（53.5±8.4）岁。首诊时病程为1～12 d不等,病程中位数4 d。所有患者均否认COVID-19流行病学史。21例患者具有慢性基础病。首发症状主要为发热、乏力、咳嗽、咳痰、咽痛等。实验室检查外周血白细胞计数多为正常或减少;部分患者LDH、ALT、CK升高。胸部HRCT均呈现多发小斑片影、磨玻璃影及间质改变,以肺外带明显。53例患者均经间隔至少24 h的2次新冠病毒核酸检测为阴性,排除COVID-19,诊断为轻症社区获得性肺炎（community acquired pneumonia, CAP）,经治疗后患者无发热及呼吸道症状。结论　COVID-19待排患者的临床表现以及肺部影像学与COVID-19相似,与CAP鉴别亦缺乏特异性;结合流行病学史以及新型冠状病毒核酸检测可以提高COVID-19诊断准确率。     

2008—2018年济南市饮用水健康风险时空特征研究

目的 为掌握济南市饮用水水质卫生状况,识别可能存在健康风险的有害物质,为今后安全供水提供技术依据。方法 收集济南市2008—2018年生活饮用水监测数据,利用美国环保署风险评估四步法,分析健康风险时间、空间分布情况。结果 氟化物、硝酸盐氮少量水样非致癌风险超过1.0,农村水样风险高于城市。砷、铅检出较少,但检出限高于风险限,可能存在未分辨风险。三氯甲烷城市水样每年有12.5%或25%的比例致癌风险超过10-6,农村水样只在2017年有5%超过10-6。结论 济南市2008—2018年饮用水健康风险整体较低。但砷检出限较高,目前检测技术难以定量分辨砷致癌风险。需开展持续监测和定期评估,及时发现潜在问题。需要增加农村自来水饮用宣传,消除地方性饮水型高氟。     

2020年苏州市法定传染病流行情况与近两年比较分析

目的 分析比较2020年与近两年苏州市法定传染病流行病学特征,为后续制定防病策略及措施提供科学参考。方法 运用描述性流行病学方法对2018—2020年苏州市法定传染病流行特征进行统计分析。结果 2018—2020年苏州市无甲类传染病报告,乙丙类传染病每年发病数为69 031例、64 834例、38 097例,发病率为646.12/10万、604.70/10万、354.39/10万,总体呈下降趋势(χ2趋势= 8 585.795,P＜0.05)。2020年除新冠肺炎外,主要法定传染病有流感、手足口病、梅毒、其它感染性腹泻病、肺结核、肝炎;重点疾病谱与近两年基本一致,但报告发病数较近两年普遍下降。2020年发病数在1月呈现高峰值,随后2月大幅度下降,3—12月又逐渐回升,但2—12月发病水平均低于近两年。2020年发病较高地区为虎丘区、工业园区、张家港市、吴中区、吴江区,各地区报告发病较近两年均显著下降。2020年男性发病高于女性;年龄主要分布在0~34岁,尤其以＜10岁人群为主;人群分类以散居儿童、幼托儿童、学生、家务及待业、农民为主,这些发病规律与近两年一致,但是发病数显著低于近两年水平。结论 新冠肺炎防控政策下2020年苏州市法定传染病发病明显减少,公共场所提倡公众科学佩戴口罩、保持适当社交距离、学校加强健康监测、勤洗手多通风等措施确实带来了有效的抑制效果,为今后常态化传染病防控提供一定借鉴。     

黑龙江省2017—2020年流感样病例暴发疫情特征分析

目的 分析黑龙江省2017—2020年流感样病例暴发疫情流行特点及影响因素,为流感的防控提供科学依据。方法 收集“突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统”和“中国流感监测信息系统”报告的流感暴发疫情资料,对数据进行统计分析。结果 2017—2020监测年度黑龙江省共报告流感暴发疫情29起,累计报告发病数1 028例,报告时间主要集中在冬春季,12月份和4月份报告最多,占96.55%;场所分布主要以中小学校为主,占暴发疫情总数的93.10%;暴发疫情规模以10～29例居多,占暴发疫情总数的65.52%;病原学结果显示流感病毒流行株由A型（H3）转变为A型（新甲H1）,之后又为A型（H3）和B型（Victoria）共同流行。结论 黑龙江省流感暴发疫情冬春季高发,集中在中小学校,流感优势株变换频繁,应做好监测并及时控制疫情的发展。