注重审查项目的辨证论治内容——中医药研究伦理审查特点研究（二）

在中医药研究伦理审查中,审查项目的辨证论治内容是检验项目是否符合中医规律和理论,其目的不是检验项目的科学性,而是为了保护受试者的安全.在这其中,要坚持伦理审查与科学审查的统一,更要注重中医药本身发展研究的特点和规律,不能简单的套用审查西医西药的方法.在审查辨证论治内容的实践操作层面,应当注意：对辨证论治内容的审查,要纳入中医药研究伦理审查标准操作规程.在保护患病受试者安全的审查上,要坚持证候标准,要审查既往临床应用证候与研究中患病受试者证候是否一致.对辨证论治的审查,要重视理法方药的内在逻辑关系,要充分发挥熟悉项目研究内容的中医药专家的作用.在强调审查辨证论治内容的同时,要注重审查项目的其他内容,形成伦理审查的合力,防止片面性.     

TBL教学模式在医学英语教学中的应用

目的 探讨以团队为基础的学习教学模式在医学英语教学中的应用效果。方法 通过整群抽样的方法,选取194名2010 级临床专业学生,将他们随机分为TBL 教学组和传统教学组,通过调查问卷和成绩测试对两组的教学效果进行评价。结果 显示TBL 教学组学生在学习态度、学习效果、学习能力三方面的评分均有显著的提高,明显优于传统教学组（P ＜0.05）。TBL 教学组和传统教学组的测试成绩分别为（88.20±3.30）和（74.10±3.68）分,两组差异具有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。结论 在医学英语教学应用TBL 教学模式提高了学生的学习兴趣和自学能力,加深了医学英语知识的理解和记忆,增强了团队合作能力,提高了医学英语的教学效果。     

周杰教授从“心脾相关”论治慢性心力衰竭探析

周杰教授归纳慢性心力衰竭心气鼓动乏力、血脉瘀阻、痰浊内阻、水饮停聚之病理局面,属因虚致实、虚实交错之证候。其基于"心脾相关"学说,提出脾失健运是促使慢性心力衰竭心气虚证、兼阴虚证、兼血瘀证、兼血瘀水肿证病程发展的关键环节。脾失健运既是导致心气亏虚发生的始动因素,又为痰浊、瘀血、水饮等病理产物生成的关键所在。治疗方面,周杰教授善于从脾脏之角度入手进行辨证论治,处方用药多在健脾益气的基础上进行随症加减,以达到补益心气、化痰泄浊、逐瘀行水之目的,在长期的临床实践中取得了良好的疗效。     

护士执业考试与基础护理学教学方法探讨

随着我国医疗卫生事业的不断发展和进步,医护人员执业考试受到前所未有的瞩目,尤为关键的是考试试题也随着时代的进步和人们对于医护需求而发生着变革。本文根据近年来护士执业考试试题发展趋势,深入探究基础护理学的教学方法,从教育改革的源头上与时俱进,促进护士执业人员的专业素质。     

恶性黑色素瘤术后患者免疫检查点抑制剂辅助治疗早期疲劳发展轨迹研究

目的 免疫检查点抑制剂中的程序性细胞死亡蛋白受体1（programmed cell death protein1,PD-1）抑制剂已被用于多种晚期肿瘤的治疗中,该研究旨在识别恶性黑色素瘤术后PD-1抑制剂单药辅助治疗患者早期疲劳发展轨迹及其影响因素。 方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2020年4月—2021年12月于河南省某三级肿瘤医院和吉林省某三级甲等医院肿瘤科住院的患者作为调查对象,采用癌症疲乏量表调查患者首次PD-1抑制剂治疗后1、2、3、4周后的疲乏现状,利用组基轨迹模型识别106例PD-1抑制剂单药辅助治疗患者早期疲劳症状发展轨迹,运用多元Logistic回归分析患者早期疲劳症状发展轨迹的影响因素。 结果 识别出“疲劳缓解组”和“疲劳升高组” 2种早期疲劳发展轨迹。单因素分析结果显示,各亚组在肿瘤部位、自理能力、休息后是否缓解、伴有其他免疫相关不良事件个数方面的差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,早期疲劳症状休息后缓解[RR=0.026,95%CI（0.004,0.179）]、不伴有其他免疫相关不良事件[RR=0.255,95%CI（0.181,0.361）]被归属为类型2“疲劳升高组”的可能性较小。 结论 恶性黑色素瘤术后患者PD-1抑制剂辅助治疗早期疲劳发展呈现不同的变化轨迹,护士应重视疲劳症状休息后不缓解、伴有其他免疫相关不良事件患者早期疲劳症状的评估和干预。     

Mediterranean diet habits in older individuals: Associations with cognitive functioning and brain volumes

To examine the association between dietary habits, cognitive functioning and brain volumes in older individuals, data from 194 cognitively healthy individuals who participated in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors cohort were used. At age 70, participants kept diaries of their food intake for 1 week. These records were used to calculate a Mediterranean diet (MeDi) score (comprising dietary habits traditionally found in Mediterranean countries, e.g. high intake of fruits and low intake of meat), with higher scores indicating more pronounced MeDi-like dietary habits. Five years later, participants' cognitive capabilities were examined by the seven minute screening (7MS) (a cognitive test battery used by clinicians to screen for dementia), and their brain volumes were measured by volumetric magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariate linear regression analyses were constructed to examine the association between the total MeDi score and cognitive functioning and brain volumes. In addition, possible associations between MeDi's eight dietary features and cognitive functioning and brain volumes were investigated. From the eight dietary features included in the MeDi score, pertaining to a low consumption of meat and meat products was linked to a better performance on the 7MS test (P = 0.001) and greater total brain volume (i.e. the sum of white and gray matter, P = 0.03) when controlling for potential confounders (e.g. BMI) in the analysis. Integrating all dietary features into the total MeDi score explained less variance in cognitive functioning and brain volumes than its single dietary component meat intake. These observational findings suggest that keeping to a low meat intake could prove to be an impact-driven public health policy to support healthy cognitive aging, when confirmed by longitudinal studies. Further, they suggest that the MeDi score is a construct that may mask possible associations of single MeDi features with brain health domains in elderly populations.     

灸法的中医辨证施治

杨柏如老师对灸法从理论到运用均有深入的探索,不仅把灸法用于里、虚、寒证,而且对表、热、实证运用亦甚广泛。     

Agent Based Modeling of “Crowdinforming” as a Means of Load Balancing at Emergency Departments

This work extends ongoing development of a framework for modeling the spread of contact-transmission infectious diseases. The framework is built upon Agent Based Modeling (ABM), with emphasis on urban scale modelling integrated with institutional models of hospital emergency departments. The method presented here includes ABM modeling an outbreak of influenza-like illness (ILI) with concomitant surges at hospital emergency departments, and illustrates the preliminary modeling of ‘crowdinforming’ as an intervention. ‘Crowdinforming’, a component of ‘crowdsourcing’, is characterized as the dissemination of collected and processed information back to the ‘crowd’ via public access. The objective of the simulation is to allow for effective policy evaluation to better inform the public of expected wait times as part of their decision making process in attending an emergency department or clinic. In effect, this is a means of providing additional decision support garnered from a simulation, prior to real world implementation. The conjecture is that more optimal service delivery can be achieved under balanced patient loads, compared to situations where some emergency departments are overextended while others are underutilized. Load balancing optimization is a common notion in many operations, and the simulation illustrates that ‘crowdinforming’ is a potential tool when used as a process control parameter to balance the load at emergency departments as well as serving as an effective means to direct patients during an ILI outbreak with temporary clinics deployed. The information provided in the ‘crowdinforming’ model is readily available in a local context, although it requires thoughtful consideration in its interpretation. The extension to a wider dissemination of information via a web service is readily achievable and presents no technical obstacles, although political obstacles may be present. The ‘crowdinforming’ simulation is not limited to arrivals of patients at emergency departments due to ILI; it applies equally to any scenarios where patients arrive in any arrival pattern that may cause disparity in the waiting times at multiple facilities.     

Low birth weight and psychiatric morbidity; stability and change between adolescence and young adulthood

Background

Being born with low birth weight is a risk factor for psychiatric morbidity.Few longitudinal studies have included diagnostic assessment and followed subjects into adulthood.

Aim

To assess stability and change in psychiatric morbidity between adolescence and young adulthood in low birth weight subjects, and explore whether screening in adolescence can predict subsequent psychopathology in these groups.

Study design

Prospective geographically based follow-up study of two low birth weight groups and a control group born between 1986 and 1988, assessed at 14 (T1) and 20 (T2) years of age.

Subjects

Thirty eight subjects born preterm with very low birth weight (VLBW: ≤ 1500 g), 43 born at term but small for gestational age (SGA: < 10th percentile) and 64 controls with normal birth weight participated.

Outcome measures

Mental health was assessed using diagnostic psychiatric interview at both study points supplemented with the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment and Children's Global Assessment Scale at T1.

Results

There was a trend towards increasing morbidity from T1 among VLBW (p = 0.086) and a significant increase among SGA (p = 0.003) participants. Supplementary assessment at T1 discriminated satisfactory between persons with and without psychiatric disorders at T2 (area under ROC curve: 0.66 to 0.89), but was most effective in the VLBW group.

Conclusion

High psychiatric morbidity continued into young adulthood in the VLBW group and increased significantly in the SGA group. Screening in adolescence can be used to detect individuals at risk especially among those born at very low birth weight.     

基于PBL的渐进式教学法在乳腺病实习教学中的探索

[目的]乳腺科实习教学作为一个切入点,探究PBL教学法在医学临床带教中的本土化应用方法.[方法]在乳腺病实习教学中采用基于PBL的渐进式教学法,包括启始准备,标准案例PBL教学法,动态案例PBL教学法等三个阶段,难度逐渐递增.[结果]基于PBL的渐进式教学方法很受实习同学们的欢迎,学生们普遍认为这样的教学提高了他们的学习能力、临床思维能力和沟通能力.[结论]该教学法更能适应中国医学生实习教学,能取得良好的教学效果.