上海市医学学科竞争力评价影响因素研究——与2010年复旦排行榜（上海部分）比较分析

将上海市医院医学学科竞争力评价研究排名结果与2010年复旦排行榜（上海部分）进行比较分析.结果：在绝大多数专业,两种评价研究的结果高度近似;少数专业结果存在变化,主要原因是专家声誉排名可能存在一定的滞后性.结论：利用少数核心指标和专家声誉法均能较真实的反映专科实力相对排名.随着数据采集体系的完善,可在学科竞争力评价指标体系中增加病种结构和医疗质量指标,更客观的反映学科竞争力.     

Results of a transtheoretical model-based alcohol, tobacco and other drug intervention in middle schools

Background

Early use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs threatens the physical and mental well-being of students and continued use negatively affects many areas of development. An internet-based, tailored intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change was delivered to middle school students to reduce alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use. This internet-based approach requires very little faculty and staff time, which is efficient given curricular demands.

Methods

Twenty-two middle schools in the United States were matched and randomly assigned to either the intervention or control conditions (N = 1590 students who had ever used substances). Participants received one pre-test assessment, three thirty-minute intervention sessions over three months, and two post-test assessments (3 and 14 months after pre-test, respectively).

Results

Random effects logistic models showed significant treatment effects for the intervention group when compared to the control group at the 3-month post-test.

Conclusions

This program has the potential to be applied as stand-alone practice or as part of more intensive interventions to promote substance use cessation.     

A structured approach to Exposure Based Waiving of human health endpoints under REACH developed in the OSIRIS project

Exposure Based Waiving (EBW) is one of the options in REACH when there is insufficient hazard data on a specific endpoint. Rules for adaptation of test requirements are specified and a general option for EBW is given via Appendix XI of REACH, allowing waiving of repeated dose toxicity studies, reproductive toxicity studies and carcinogenicity studies under a number of conditions if exposure is very low. A decision tree is described that was developed in the European project OSIRIS (Optimised Strategies for Risk Assessment of Industrial Chemicals through Integration of Non-Test and Test Information) to help decide in what cases EBW can be justified. The decision tree uses specific criteria as well as more general questions. For the latter, guidance on interpretation and resulting conclusions is provided. Criteria and guidance are partly based on an expert elicitation process. Among the specific criteria a number of proposed Thresholds of Toxicological Concern are used. The decision tree, expanded with specific parts on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion that are not described in this paper, is implemented in the OSIRIS webtool on integrated testing strategies.     

Evidence-Based Medicine: An Obstetrician and Gynaecologist’s Perspective

Objectives

Evidence based medicine (EBM) has transformed the way healthcare is delivered all over the world. It combines individual clinical expertise with best available research evidence so that the patients get a high standard of care. The growth of information technology has provided us with tools which enable us to scrutinise vast amounts of data within a very short amount of time. EBM is a lifelong learning process and is an effort to make the most effective use of medical knowledge for best outcomes in terms of patient benefit and safety. It is important to understand the basic concepts of EBM and practice as well as propagate evidence based healthcare in Obstetrics and Gynaecology.

Conclusion

Obstetricians and Gynaecologists need to be able to access and critically appraise the latest evidence in their area of expertise and apply it in clinical practice to provide best outcomes to women under their care.     

气血经络理论在颅脑损伤患者早期康复治疗中的应用

目的：探讨气血经络理论在颅脑损伤患者早期康复治疗中的应用。方法：选择40例颅脑损伤患者随机分为2组各20例。对照组接受常规I】盏床治疗和常规的预防性康复训练,治疗组在此基础上接受在气血经络理论指导下的早期康复治疗（小脑顶核刺激术、电子生物反馈疗法、运动疗法）。2组均在治疗前后进行格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）和日常生活能力评定（ADL）;并比较2组患者住院期间的并发症发生率和住院时间。结果：2组治疗后GCS、ADL评分均较治疗前明显增高（P〈0．05）,且治疗组患者的GCS、ADL评分明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）。治疗组伤残率为25％（5／20）,对照组为75％（15／20）,2组比较．差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）,治疗组患者的预后较对照组好。治疗组并发症发生率比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）;2组平均住院时间比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论：经络理论指导下早期康复治疗对颅脑损伤患者能有效缩短住院时间．改善患者预后,降低致残率。     

原发性高血压病的辨证施护

根据原发性高血压病的病理特点,结合中医治疗高血压病的辨证分型,着重于宏观与微观相结合、辨证与辨病施护相结合,药物与非药物疗法相结合的护理原则,强调高血压病患者护理个体化,以人为本,突出中医护理特色。     

基于工作过程的分析化学课程改革与实践

分析化学是医学检验专业的专业基础课。对高职高专学生来讲,它更是一门实验操作技术。引入基于工作过程的课程开发模式,对分析化学课程进行解构和重组,按照检验专业人才培养计划,以行动导向、工作任务驱动,融教、学、做于一体,极大地激发了学生的学习兴趣,收到了良好的教学效果。     

作业成本法在医院流程管理中的应用研究

流程成本管理是医院流程管理的重要内容之一,主要包括流程成本的汇集及成本分析.作者对作业成本法应用于医院流程管理进行了理论探讨,并基于医院组织结构建立了医院流程作业成本模型,对医院医疗服务项目及其活动成本归集进行了论述.之后,通过实例分析,验证了医院业务流程成本分析和计算方法具有一定的实践意义.     

Study of Pemetrexed-based Chemotherapy for Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cancers

Purpose: This study was conducted to observe the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed based chemotherapyin treating patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancers as first-line, second-line or third-line therapy.Materials and Methods: From May 2011 to January 2015, we recruited 29 patients with advanced breast cancer,19 patients with advanced ovary cancer, 17 patients with advanced esophageal cancer,5 patients with advancedgallbladder cancer,5 patients with advanced cervical cancer and 1 patient with advanced tongue cancer inJiangsu Cancer Hospital and Research Institute.All of them were pathologically confirmed and treated withpemetrexed based chemotherapy. After two cycles of treatment,efficacy and safety can be evaluated. Results:For pemetrexed based regimens,including 76 patients with 6 kinds of advanced cancer were considered eligiblefor inclusion. Complete remission represents CR, partial remission represents PR, stable disease represents SD,progressive disease represents PD. Among 29 patients with advanced breast cancer, 4 patients chose pemetrexedbased regimens as second-line treatment,1 of them was PR,the other 3 got SD. The last 25 patients made useof this chemotherapy as third-line treatment, except one patient could not be assessed, 2 of them got PR,6 ofthem got SD,the remaining 16 of them finally were PD.19 patients with advanced ovary cancer,5 patients usedthis regimens as second-line treatment, 3 of them got PD,the remaining patients got SD, respectively. The last14 patients made use of pemetrexed based regimens as third-line treatment,. RR (CR+PR) was 28.5%. Among17 patients with advanced esophageal cancer, 2 patients made use of pemetrexed based regimens as first-linetreatment,both of them got PR.4 of them used this chemotherapy as second-line regimen, except 2 patients couldnot be assessed,the remaining 2 was PD at last. The last 11 patients was third-line users, RR (CR+PR) was 18.2%.Among 5 patients with advanced gallbladder cancer, pemetrexed based regimens was used in 1 patient as firstlinetreatment and 1 patient as second-line treatment. The curative effect was SD and PD, respectively. 3 patientsaccepted pemetrexed based regimens as third-line treatment, 2 of them got PD as results and another was SD.Among 5 patients with advanced cervical cancer, just 1 patient adopted pemetrexed based regimens as first-linetreatment, whose curative effect was PR.2 patients chose this chemotherapy regimens as second-line treatment.Both of them got PD as their consequence. The last 2 patients made use of the regimens as third-line treatment,the effect of them was PD and SD, respectively. The one who with advanced tongue cancer, pemetrexed basedregimens was used as second-line treatment, and the consequence was PD. About 71.1% patients experienced bonemarrow suppression. Among them, 5 patients reached 4 grade. Other toxicity of pemetrexed were neurotoxicity,fatigue, diarrhea, dysphagia and vomiting. No treatment related death occurred with pemetrexed-based treatment.Conclusions: Pemetrexed based chemotherapy has considerable effect in patients with advanced cancers suchas breast cancer,esophageal cancer and ovary cancer. More randomly clinical trials are needed to verify theresults.