卡介苗对豚鼠实验性哮喘的预防性治疗作用

目的:观察卡介苗(BCG)对哮喘豚鼠的预防治疗作用。方法:采用31只豚鼠,分为3组进行处理,分别为对照组、卵蛋白(OVA)致敏组和BCG处理组。用OVA(Ⅲ级)致敏豚鼠复制豚鼠哮喘模型。结果:本模型采用10%的OVA致敏,1%的OVA激发,所有动物都表现有不同程度的过敏反应症状。实验动物在接受BCG注射后,表现为以下特点:一是外周血淋巴细胞和单核细胞增加;二是BALF中细胞分类的变化,支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中以淋巴细胞的增加最为明显。 经过OVA致敏的动物BALF和肺组织中嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)明显增加,BCG不同程度地降低肺组织EOS的气道浸润及减轻OVA致敏豚鼠的气道反应。结论:[HTSS]使用本实验体系BCG可以减轻实验性哮喘的气道炎症反应。     

广西巴马地区居民血清中叉头框蛋白O3A基因mRNA及蛋白水平的研究

目的研究广西巴马地区居民血清中叉头框蛋白O3A(forkhead box protein O3A,FOXO3A)基因mRNA及蛋白表达水平的差异,探讨其与家庭聚集性长寿现象的关系。方法于2011年5月,在广西巴马地区抽取具有3~4代直系亲属的家庭,分为长寿家族史组(137例)和无长寿家族史组(91例),测定血清中FOXO3A mRNA及蛋白的表达水平。结果长寿家族史组人群血清FOXO3A mRNA的表达水平是无长寿家族史组的1.21倍,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。长寿家族史组和无长寿家族史组人群血清FOXO3A蛋白的表达水平间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。长寿家族史组居民血清中FOXO3A mRNA的表达水平与其蛋白的表达水平之间未见相关关系(P0.05);无长寿家族史组居民血清中FOXO3A mRNA的表达水平与其蛋白表达水平呈负相关(P0.05)。结论广西巴马地区居民血清FOXO3A mRNA的表达水平可能与当地家庭聚集性长寿现象有一定关联,尚未发现FOXO3A蛋白水平与家庭聚集性长寿现象的关联性,需进一步扩大样本量进行验证。     

缺血再灌注损伤对豚鼠小肠Cajal间质细胞的影响

目的探讨豚鼠缺血再灌注损伤模型中,小肠Cajal间质细胞(ICCs)网络的变化情况。方法采用夹闭肠系膜血管80 min然后再恢复血流12 h或者4 d的方法建立缺血再灌注损伤模型,冰冻切片和全层铺片并结合KIT免疫细胞化学染色观察。结果缺血80 min再灌注12 h,在切片和铺片上均可见ICCs明显减少,其中IC-MY减少最显著,再灌注4 d ICCs的数量恢复正常。结论小肠壁内ICCs在缺血再灌注模型中可明显减少,但随着时间延长,ICCs逐渐恢复正常的细胞网络。     

杏贝止咳颗粒对豚鼠感染后咳嗽的治疗作用

目的 探讨杏贝止咳颗粒对豚鼠感染后咳嗽（post-infectious cough,PIC）的治疗作用。方法 除对照组外,将3～4周龄SPF级雄性Hartley豚鼠采用鼻滴脂多糖、烟熏、辣椒素雾化激发来构建PIC豚鼠模型。造模成功后分为模型组及杏贝止咳颗粒低、中、高剂量（0.93、1.86、3.72 g/kg）组、阿斯美（21.62 mg/kg）组和苏黄止咳胶囊（313.88 mg/kg）组,末次给药后24 h,通过辣椒素雾化诱咳测定咳嗽次数及潜伏期,采用ELISA法检测血清、肺泡灌洗液和肺组织中P物质（substance P,SP）、降钙素相关基因肽（calcitonin gene related peptide,CGRP）、神经肽A(neurokinin A,NKA)、神经肽B(neurokinin B,NKB)、神经生长因子（nerve growth factor,NGF）、前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)和缓激肽（bradykinin,BK）含量,血液分析仪测定肺泡灌洗液中白细胞分类,并用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色法观察肺组织病理变化。结果 与对照组比较...     

芩荑合剂吸入对哮喘豚鼠气道嗜酸粒细胞凋亡的影响

目的 :研究芩荑合剂对哮喘豚鼠气道嗜酸粒细胞 (Eos)凋亡的影响。方法 :2 4只豚鼠随机分为 3组 ,即对照组、模型组和芩荑合剂吸入组 (1 8ml kg) ,每组 8只 ,以卵蛋白吸入致敏激发制作哮喘豚鼠模型 ,密度梯度分离法分离支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF)中Eos ,应用流式细胞术 (FCM)检测其凋亡率。结果 :对照组豚鼠BALF中Eos计数为 0 32± 0 11× 10 9 L ,Eos凋亡率为 14 1±4 2 % ;与对照组比较 ,模型组豚鼠BALF中Eos显著增加 (P <0 0 1) ,Eos凋亡率显著下降 (P <0 0 1) ;芩荑合剂吸入组同模型组相比 ,BALF中Eos显著减少 (P <0 0 1) ,Eos凋亡率显著增加 (P <0 0 1) ,且BALF中Eos数量与Eos凋亡率呈显著性负相关 (r=- 0 895 ,P <0 0 1)。结论 :Eos凋亡异常是支气管哮喘的一个重要的发病机制 ;芩荑合剂吸入可促进气道内Eos凋亡 ,减少Eos聚集 ,从而减轻哮喘气道炎症。     

Sensory neuropeptides are not directly involved in bronchial hyperresponsiveness induced by interleukin-8 in guinea-pigs in vivo

Background Interleukin-8 (IL-8) hus been shown to be a chemotactic factor for netitrophils, T-lymphocytes and eosinophils. Repeated intranasal administration of IL-8 enhances bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine in guinea-pigs. Neuropeptides which arc released trotn C-fibre nerve-endings have been postulated to induce bronchial hyperresponsiveness through neurogenic inflammation. Objective This study was conducted to examine whether sensory neuropeptides are involved in the IL-8-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Methods IL-8 at a dose of 5μg/kg was administered intranasally to guinea-pigs twice a week for 3 weeks. One day after the last administration, animals were anesthetized and artificially ventilaled through tracheal cannula, and lateral pressure at the tracheal cannula (Pao) was measured as an overall index of airway responses lo increasing concentrations of inhaled histamine (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL). A NKI and NK2 dual antagonist FK224(10mg/kg), a selective NK1 antgonist FK888 (10mg/kg) or vehicle was intravenously administered 10min before measurement of bronchial responsiveness. Result The IL-8 treatment significantly enhanced bronchial responsiveness to histamine (ANOVA P < 0.01). FK224 or FK888 did not alter the IL-8-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Conclusion We conclude that repeated intranasal administratioti of IL-8 causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and that neuropeptides such as neurokinin A and substance P do not directly contribute to the development of BHR induced by IL-8.     

Effect of lanthanum ions on the amplitude distributions of miniature endplate potentials and on synaptic vesicles in frog neuromuscular junctions

Miniature endplate potential (MEPP) amplitude distributions, MEPP frequencies and percentages of small MEPPs were determined as well as synaptic vesicle diameters and numbers in the frog neuromuscular junction during La3+ treatment. MEPP frequencies initially increased by two orders of magnitude and then fell to very low values. La3+ treatment had an initial postsynaptic effect making the MEPPs larger. Prolonged treatment had a variable effect on MEPP amplitudes. There were considerable variations in MEPP frequencies in adjacent junctions so single junctions on edge muscle fibers were recorded for the duration of many experiments and later identified in the electron microscope. Therefore, the physiological and morphological conditions of a given identified junction could be compared. There was a loss of synaptic vesicles and no change in mean diameter during depletion. During high MEPP frequencies infoldings occurred on the axolemma and these disappeared when MEPP frequencies decreased towards the end of the La3+ treatment. After 3-4 h of La3+ treatment, the overall frequency of MEPPs dropped and many were composed of a small class of MEPPs. It is suggested that the morphological correlate of small MEPPs, as well as the classical bell-MEPPs is likely to be synaptic vesicles.     

Allergenic activity of an air-oxidized ethoxylated surfactant

Ethoxylated surfactants are used in household and industrial cleaners, topical pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and laundry products. Polyethers, e.g. ethoxylated surfactants and polyethylene glycols, are oxidized by atmospheric oxygen (autoxidized) when stored and handled. We have previously shown that a chemically well-defined non-ionic surfactant, the ethoxylated alcohol penta-ethylene glycol mono-n-dodecyl ether (C12E5), forms a complex mixture of autoxidation products when exposed to air. Predictive testing in guinea pigs showed that the surfactant itself is a non-sensitizer, but that oxidation products formed are skin sensitizers. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitizing capacity of a total oxidation mixture of C12E5 obtained after autoxidation. The allergenic activity of different oxidation products is discussed as well as the clinical importance of the findings. This study shows that the non-ionic surfactant C12E5 containing 20% oxidation products is a sensitizing mixture. The result accords with what is observed for other compounds that are unstable when in contact with air, e.g. limonene and linalool, major fragrance terpenes. Studies regarding the clinical relevance of our findings should be performed. However, it is already clear from this study that precautions must be taken in handling and storage of ethoxylated surfactants to avoid formation of allergenic mixtures.     

A transendocardial delivery and intracardiac ultrasound irradiation treatment catheter

Abstract

Objectives: This study introduces the structural design, working principles, performance testing and treatment effects of a newly developed ultrasonic irradiation delivery and treatment catheter system that integrates interventional catheterization technology.

Background: Systemic administration method needs a high dose of gene and induces side effect of non-target organ delivery. Direct intramyocardial injection of a low-dose angiogenic gene followed by insonation treatment can enhance gene expression. So, a novel transendocardial gene delivery and intracardiac ultrasound irradiation strategy was tested.

Methods: The medical interventional ultrasonic therapeutic apparatus is comprised of an ultrasonic irradiation catheter and a host. The ultrasonic irradiation catheter, which is equipped with an advance-and-retreat convenient miniature syringe needle and a miniature piezoelectric transducer on the tip, was used. Twelve dogs were divided into three groups: (1) EGFP and US (EGFP?+?US), (2) EGFP alone and (3) control group. In the EGFP?+?US group, EGFP plasmid DNA (500?µg) was injected and followed by intracardiac insonation. In the EGFP alone group, EGFP plasmid DNA (500?µg) was injected without insonation. In the control group, saline was injected.

Results: The catheter can enter the heart through percutaneous intervention to realize intramyocardial injection, directly irradiate cardiac muscular tissues at close range and correctly control the ultrasonic irradiation energy delivered to cardiac muscular tissues. Compared with the EGFP gene group, an average sixfold enhancement in gene expression was achieved in the EGFP EGFP?+?US group (p?<?0.05).

Conclusions: The experimental results confirmed that the treatment catheter was safe and reliable, which can realize transendocardial intramyocardial gene injection in the left ventricular chamber, and the ultrasonic parameter can increase gene expression after intracardiac ultrasonic irradiation. The intracardiac ultrasound irradiation treatment catheter may be a useful delivery and therapy tool in the future.