国产与进口班布特罗对豚鼠实验性哮喘的药效学比较

目的 :比较国产和进口班布特罗对实验性哮喘的抑制作用及药效学特点。方法 :在体用组胺和卵清蛋白诱发的实验性哮喘模型 ,离体用气管片和肺条分别进行研究。结果 :国产与进口班布特罗具有剂量依赖性抑制组胺和卵清蛋白诱发的豚鼠哮喘 ,峰效应出现于给药后 4h前后 ,作用可持续 2 4h以上 ,国产与进口药的作用比较P >0 .0 5 ;2药对离体豚鼠气管片均无松弛作用 ;灌服豚鼠 4h后的血浆能剂量依赖性松弛离体气管片和肺条 ,作用持续 2 4h以上 ,而对肺条的松弛作用强于对气管片的作用 (P <0 .0 1) ,2药的作用比较P >0 .0 5。结论 :国产和进口班布特罗对豚鼠实验性哮喘的作用缓和而持久 ,给药 1次 2 4h后仍然产生平喘效应 ,2药作用比较相似     

鼓室内注入催产素对卡那霉素耳毒的拮抗作用

给两组豚鼠肌肉注射卡那霉素(300mg/kg)连续8天,同时由鼓室内分别注入催产紊(10μ/ml)0.12～0.2ml/耳及等量生理盐水。采用耳蜗铺片方法,从形态学方面观察比较了实验组与对照组听毛细胞的损伤程度和范围。结果,两组基底膜各相应回的毛细胞损伤率相比较,使用催产素纽明显低于对照组(P<0.001)。提示鼓室内注入催产素对卡那霉素所致内耳损伤有拮抗作用。     

丙戊酸钠的抗实验性心律失常作用

一次静脉注射丙戊酸钠150mg/kg,能显著缩短氯化钡诱发大鼠心律失常的持续时间,推迟乌头碱致大鼠心律失常的出现时间,明显延迟肾上腺素诱发家兔心律失常的发生,并缩短其持续时间,显著提高豚鼠对哇巴因的中毒剂量,降低氯伤引起小鼠室颤的发生率。     

甲氟哌啶抗实验性心律失常的研究

口服甲氟哌啶25mg/kg,静脉注射甲氟哌啶15mg/kg,对恒速静脉注射哇巴因引起的豚鼠心律失常有对抗作用,口服甲氟哌啶50mg/kg能对抗氯化钙-乙酰胆碱引起的小鼠心律失常,并给缩短其心律失常持续时间,对抗此种心律失常的ED_(50)为5.64mg/kg,小鼠静脉注射甲氟哌啶的LD_(50)为35mg/kg。     

Repigmentation after autologous miniature punch grafting in segmental vitiligo in North Indian patients.

Segmental vitiligo is rather refractory to medical treatment. The paucity of literature on the results of autologous miniature punch grafting in segmental vitiligo in dark-skinned patients led us to conduct such a study in 15 dark-skinned patients of North Indian origin to observe the repigmentation response to this technique at different sites. The age range was 16-42 years (mean 23.08 years). There were four males and eleven females (M:F ratio being 1:2.75) who had the disease for 3-15 years. After autologous miniature punch grafting, a remarkable repigmentation was obtained in 12 (80%) cases with 90% to 100% improvement. About 40-60% repigmentation was observed within 3-6 months in the majority (66.6%) of cases and near total to total repigmentation was observed within 2 years. The maximum pigment spread was observed over the face (cheeks) and neck, and the minimum pigment spread was observed over the left arm and right upper eyelid. Complications were minimal. The present study demonstrates that autologous miniature punch grafting is a safe and easy technique, that produces good cosmetic results in the unsightly depigmenting lesions of segmental vitiligo, especially on the face and exposed areas, even in dark-skinned races if patients are selected carefully. This can be of great benefit to patients who are psychologically disturbed by their disease.     

银杏叶提取物对豚鼠腹腔神经节细胞生物电的影响

目的通过观察银杏叶提取物(EGb)对交感神经节细胞生物电的影响,为进一步探讨EGb调节包括血管运动在内的内脏功能活动的机制提供依据.方法细胞内生物电记录技术和灌流给药法.结果 EGb(50～500 mg/L)可使75.0%的腹腔神经节(CG)细胞产生去极化反应,幅度(5.58±0.79) mV,时程(240.7±50.3) s,且表现剂量依赖性;12.5%的细胞超级化;6.3%出现先超级化再去极化的双相反应;另有6.3%的细胞在相同的灌注条件下,于不同的时间内,分别出现超级化和去极化两种反应.去极化反应的细胞其膜电阻表现为降低(33.8%)、增大(26.2%)和不变(40.0%).此去极化反应可被低钙/高镁克氏液部分阻断,但不被胆碱和肾上腺素受体阻断剂所阻断.EGb尚可抑制外源性Ach引起的去极化电位.结论 EGb可能通过影响肽类递质的释放,进而影响豚鼠CG细胞生物电活动.     

Septic shock caused by Streptococcus suis: Case report and investigation of a risk group

A case of septic shock caused by Streptococcus suis type 2 occurred in a 36-year-old truck driver who transported pigs. Here, as well as in nearly all other cases of S. suis infections reported to date, close occupational contact with pork or pigs preceded the incident. This epidemiological link may be explained by the frequent occurrence of S. suis as a commensal and opportunistic germ in pigs.In order to assess the potential risk for an infection with S. suis, 132 workers in pig slaughtering, pork dissecting and processing industries were examined in a cross sectional study for the occurrence of S. suis in their pharynx, and compared with an age and sex matched control group. The evaluation of the pharyngeal swabs showed an atypical colonisation by a variety of microorganisms in some of the employees who were so far healthy, but potentially at risk. The colonisation of the case group with S. suis amounted to 5.3%.     

猪原位肝移植的麻醉及管理

目的：采用杂种猪模拟原位肝移植的麻醉及管理。方法：对实验猪行经口气管内插管静吸复合全身麻醉。结果：猪的气管插管术与人体相比有其自身特点。实验猪对氯胺酮基础麻醉有较大的耐受量。转流开始时和新肝期开始时血流动力学有较大的改变。结论：对实验猪进行肌松或非肌松气管内插管是可行的。对血流动力学改变的处理应以预防为主。精确计算失血量并及时进行输血输液和维持适当的麻醉深度，对预防和纠正失血性休克有根重要作用。若麻醉处理得当，术中严重的心律失常是完全可能避免的。     

Release of pig leukocytes and reduced human NK cell recruitment during ex vivo perfusion of HLA‐E/human CD46 double‐transgenic pig limbs with human blood

Background

In pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation, interactions between human natural killer (NK) cells and porcine endothelial cells (pEC) are characterized by recruitment and cytotoxicity. Protection from xenogeneic NK cytotoxicity can be achieved in vitro by the expression of the non‐classical human leukocyte antigen‐E (HLA‐E) on pEC. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze NK cell responses to vascularized xenografts using an ex vivo perfusion system of pig limbs with human blood.

Methods

Six pig forelimbs per group, respectively, stemming from either wild‐type (wt) or HLA‐E/hCD46 double‐transgenic (tg) animals, were perfused ex vivo with heparinized human blood for 12 hours. Blood samples were collected at defined time intervals, cell numbers counted, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells analyzed for phenotype by flow cytometry. Muscle biopsies were analyzed for NK cell infiltration. In vitro NK cytotoxicity assays were performed using pEC derived from wt and tg animals as target cells.

Results

Ex vivo, a strong reduction in circulating human CD45 leukocytes was observed after 60 minutes of xenoperfusion in both wt and tg limb groups. NK cell numbers dropped significantly. Within the first 10 minutes, the decrease in NK cells was more significant in the wt limb perfusions as compared to tg limbs. Immunohistology of biopsies taken after 12 hours showed less NK cell tissue infiltration in the tg limbs. In vitro, NK cytotoxicity against hCD46 single tg pEC and wt pEC was similar, while lysis of double tg HLA‐E/hCD46 pEC was significantly reduced. Finally, circulating cells of pig origin were observed during the ex vivo xenoperfusions. These cells expressed phenotypes mainly of monocytes, B and T lymphocytes, NK cells, as well as some activated endothelial cells.

Conclusions

Ex vivo perfusion of pig forelimbs using whole human blood represents a powerful tool to study humoral and early cell‐mediated rejection mechanisms of vascularized pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation, although there are several limitations of the model. Here, we show that (i) transgenic expression of HLA‐E/hCD46 in pig limbs provides partial protection from human NK cell‐mediated xeno responses and (ii) the emergence of a pig cell population during xenoperfusions with implications for the immunogenicity of xenografts.     

Food deprivation increases post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity in humans

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of fasting on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in human post-heparin plasma, representing the functional pool of LPL. DESIGN: Fourteen healthy volunteers were recruited for the study. The subjects were fasted for 30 h. Activities of LPL and hepatic lipase (HL), and LPL mass, were measured in pre- and post-heparin plasma in the fed and in the fasted states, respectively. For comparison, LPL and HL activities were measured in pre- and post-heparin plasma from fed and 24-h-fasted guinea pigs. RESULTS: Fasting caused a significant drop in the levels of serum insulin, triglycerides and glucose in the human subjects. Post-heparin LPL activity increased from 79 +/- 6.4 mU mL-1 in the fed state to 112 +/- 10 mU mL-1 in the fasted state (P < 0.01), while LPL mass was 361 +/- 29 in the fed state and 383 +/- 28 in the fasted state, respectively (P = 0.6). In contrast, fasting of guinea pigs caused an 80% drop in post-heparin LPL activity. The effect of fasting on human and guinea pig post-heparin HL activity were moderate and statistically not significant. CONCLUSIONS: In animal models such as rats and guinea pigs, post-heparin LPL activity decreases on fasting, presumably due to down-regulation of adipose tissue LPL. In humans, fasting caused increased post-heparin LPL activity.