Stratification of Gallstones in the Gallbladder

A clinical approach to the diagnosis of congenital cardiac malformations is described which the authors have found effective in exposing the important signs and their significance. Each available diagnostic method is evaluated separately before all data are correlated.

Clinical diagnosis based on history, physical examination, roentgenography and electrocardiography was 94 per cent accurate in a series of cases seen in office consultation and 90 per cent accurate in a series of hospital cases reviewed. The significance of the various signs and symptoms that are routinely searched for in the physical examination is discussed.

The salient points in the clinical diagnosis of the common entities are presented.     

Cloning and expression of the fusion protein of interleukin-2 and ESAT6 in Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guérin strain

Tuberculosis(TB)isthemostcommoncauseofdeathininfectiousdiseases; itisestimatedthatapproximately2millionpeopleperyeardieofTB ThepresentavailableTBvaccineisaliveattenuatedstrain,MycobacteriumbovisBacillusCalmetteGuérin (BCG) However, ithasbeenshownthatBCGhasvariableprotectiveefficacy, rangingfrom 0 to85% indifferentclinicalexperiments 1 Therefore, anewTBvaccineisurgentlyneeded Manytrialshavebeendonetodevelopthesecond generationTBvaccinesinrecentyears; candidatesincludeavirulent, auxotro…     

不同丛枝菌根真菌组合对滇重楼光合生理和化学成分的影响

目的:研究接种不同丛枝菌根(AM)真菌组合对滇重楼幼苗的生长发育和入药品质的影响,为培育优质滇重楼药材提供参考.方法:通过室温盆栽接种试验方法,在灭菌栽培土壤中分别接种9组不同AM真菌组合,以不接种为空白组,观察不同AM真菌组合对滇重楼幼苗的根系侵染率、光合参数、生理指标及化学成分等的影响.结果:接种外源AM真菌组合显...     

膜苞鸢尾和蓝花喜盐鸢尾的化学成分研究

目的 分别对鸢尾属2种植物膜苞鸢尾Iris scariosa和蓝花喜盐鸢尾Iris halophila var.sogdiana的根及根状茎的化学成分进行研究.方法 利用正、反相硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、大孔树脂柱色谱、反相制备色谱等技术进行分离纯化,根据波谱学数据(MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、2D-NMR)进行化合物的结构鉴定.结果 从膜苞鸢尾的根及根状茎中分离得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为野鸢尾苷元(1)、尼鸢尾黄素-4'-[O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1′′′→6")-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷](2)、5,7,2'-三羟基-6-甲氧基二氢黄酮(3)、尼鸢尾黄素(4)、德鸢尾苷元(5)、鸢尾酚酮(6).从蓝花喜盐鸢尾的根及根状茎中分离鉴定了7个化合物:5,7,2'-三羟基-6-甲氧基二氢黄酮(3)、5,2 '-二羟基-6,7-二甲氧基异黄酮(鸢尾灵A,7)、鸢尾甲黄素B(8)、鸢尾甲黄素B4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、鸢尾甲黄素B4'-[O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1′′′→6")-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷](10)、山姜酮(11)和β-胡萝卜苷(12).结论 化合物9为新化合物,命名为喜盐鸢尾苷.化合物1～6是首次从膜苞鸢尾中分离得到,化合物3、7～12是首次从蓝花喜盐鸢尾中分离得到.     

枯草杆菌二联活菌颗粒对厌食症患儿血清神经肽Y和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平影响及疗效

目的探讨枯草杆菌二联活菌颗粒对厌食症患儿血清神经肽Y(NPY)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平影响及疗效。方法选取2012年6月~2014年6月在浙江省嘉兴市妇幼保健院儿童厌食症患者86例,采用随机数字表将其分为观察组(43例)和对照组(43例)。两组患儿均予以纠正患儿不良饮食习惯、健胃消食药和葡萄糖酸锌等常规治疗。观察组患儿加用枯草杆菌二联活菌颗粒1.0 g/次,2次/d,温开水冲服。疗程为6周。对照组患儿除不使用枯草杆菌二联活菌颗粒外余治疗基本同观察组。观察并记录两组患儿治疗前和治疗6周后血清NPY和TNF-α水平的变化,并比较其治疗后的临床效果及药物不良反应。结果治疗6周后,两组患儿血清NPY和TNF-α水平[观察组:(45.53±7.82)pg/m L,(10.24±2.74)mmol/L;对照组:(37.39±7.53)pg/m L,(8.19±2.13)mmol/L]较治疗前[观察组:(32.17±5.18)pg/m L,(6.82±1.76)mmol/L;对照组:(32.79±4.23)pg/m L,(7.03±1.54)mmol/L]明显上升(t=2.89、3.12、2.31、2.45,P<0.05或P<0.01),且观察组上升程度较对照组更明显(t=2.19、2.24,P<0.05);同时观察组患儿临床总有效率(93.02%)较对照组(76.74%)更佳(χ2=4.44,P<0.05)。两组患儿治疗中无明显的药物不良反应发生。结论枯草杆菌二联活菌颗粒治疗儿童厌食症的效果较确切,且安全性较好,其作用机制可能与其升高血清NPY和TNF-α水平,提高患儿的食欲密切相关。     

地衣芽孢杆菌活菌颗粒杂菌检查方法验证

目的 建立地衣芽孢杆菌活菌颗粒杂菌检查方法。方法 控制菌检查采用平皿涂布法;非致病性杂菌检查以杂菌率不得过0.1%为限度指标,采用营养琼脂平皿涂布法37 ℃培养;真菌计数采用玫瑰红钠琼脂平皿涂布法25 ℃培养。结果 控制菌检查、非致病性杂菌检查和真菌计数方法均满足中国药典2010年版验证试验的基本要求。结论 该方法可作为地衣芽孢杆菌活菌颗粒杂菌检查方法。     

Risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection in children in South Korea

Objectives: In South Korea, latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening is a critical strategy associated with efforts to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis (TB). Currently, only children with a known history of TB contact are considered as pediatric high-risk groups for LTBI, and consequently, LTBI screening is only provided to these children. However, to reduce the incidence of TB, the high-risk groups that undergo LTBI screening should be expanded. This study aimed to assess the risk factors for LTBI among children living in South Korea with no known history of TB contact for the identification of additional high-risk groups. We investigated the risk factors for LTBI among US visa applicant children, who undergo LTBI screening regardless of their TB contact history.

Methods: We obtained data on demographic characteristics, medical history, Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccination history, and results of LTBI screening for children aged 2–14 years. A tuberculin skin test was used for the diagnosis of LTBI, and an induration of 10 mm or greater was used to define a positive test. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the association between clinical and demographic variables and LTBI.

Results: Of the 1,664 study participants, 91 (5.5%) had LTBI. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that children born in high TB burden foreign countries had the highest odds of LTBI when considering all the risk factors investigated. Increasing age, absence of BCG vaccination, and a previous diagnosis of asthma were also significant risk factors for LTBI.

Conclusion: These results indicate that children born in high TB burden foreign countries should be considered a high-risk group for LTBI in South Korea; the inclusion of these children in LTBI screening should be considered.     

产纤溶酶海洋枯草芽孢菌的液体发酵条件优化

目的采用响应面法对高产纤溶酶海洋菌株Y-6-A的液体发酵条件进行优化,以进一步提高产酶量并考察该法的有效性。方法先采用单因素实验考查各因素对菌株产酶的影响,并在此基础上利用PlackettBurman设计筛选到影响菌株产酶的主要因素,接着通过最陡爬坡实验逼近酶活最高区域,最后根据Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计对各显著因子进行优化。结果最终得到影响产酶的因素有4个:可溶性淀粉、黄豆粕粉、温度和转速,最佳发酵条件为:可溶性淀粉46.1g/L,黄豆粕粉23.3g/L,温度31.2℃,转速184r·min^-1,在此发酵条件下得到的酶活为3 606.23IU/mL,经3次验证实验测得的酶活稳定在3 580.32±14.82IU/mL,较优化前提高了22.4%,此外,实验值与预测值之间的相对误差为0.63%。结论响应面的优化结果比较理想,经优化后能较好提高酶活。     

Just an additional hydrogen bond can dramatically reduce the catalytic activity of Bacillus subtilis lipase A I12T mutant: An integration of computational modeling and experimental analysis

Understanding the structural basis and energetic property of hydrogen bonding and its effects on enzymatic activity is fundamentally important for the rational design of specific enzymes with desired biological functions. In the current study, site-directed mutagenesis analysis preliminarily revealed that the amino acid substitution of Ile12 with Thr12 (I12T) dramatically reduced the hydrolytic activity of Bacillus subtilis lipase A. A further computational investigation proposed that the I12T mutation would establish a geometrically perfect hydrogen bond between the mutated Thr12 and catalytic Ser77 of lipase A, which considerably impaired the catalytic capability of lipase A through two distinct but complementary approaches: rigidizing the enzyme active site and lowering the nucleophilic ability of the catalytic residue Ser77. To verify this hypothesis, a homogenous mutation I12S serving as the control to the I12T mutation was created to examine the hydrogen bonding effect on enzymatic activity. It was found that the I12S mutant only suffered from a slight damage in its hydrolytic ability due to absence of the hydrogen bond originally present at the Thr12–Ser77 interface in the I12T mutant, which was further characterized systematically by quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) modeling, atom-in-molecules (AIM) analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. It is suggested that the hydrogen bond arising from the I12T mutation in lipase A can considerably reduce the flexibility and mobility of the enzyme active site, thus impairing the catalytic activity of the lipase A I12T mutant remarkably; the activity loss can be, however, largely recovered by replacing Thr residue at the 12th position of I12T mutant with its analog Ser, which is chemically similar to Thr but cannot form effective hydrogen bonding with Ser77.