米氮平治疗广泛性焦虑症患者的临床疗效及对患者防御方式与生活质量的改变

目的研究米氮平对广泛性焦虑症的治疗效果,并探讨其对患者防御方式与生活质量的影响。方法对32例广泛性焦虑症患者给予米氮平治疗,于治疗前和第1、2、4、6周末利用汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评估临床疗效,同时在治疗前和治疗第6周末进行防御方式（DSQ量表）和生活质量（SF-36量表）调查。结果32例广泛性焦虑症患者中痊愈21例（65．6％）,显著进步7例（21．9％）,有效4例（12．5％）,显效率达87．5％,有效率达100％。第1、2、4、6周末与治疗前相比,HAMA评分均具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;不良反应较少。与治疗前相比,第6周末患者成熟型防御机制评分升高,不成熟型和中间型防御机制评分降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;生活质量评估中一般健康（GH）、精力（VT）、社会功能（SF）、情感职能（RE）、精神健康（MH）等评分也均升高（P〈0．05）。结论米氮平能快速有效地治疗广泛性焦虑症,而且能促进患者防御机制向成熟型转变,提高生活质量。     

抗抑郁剂疗效的预测因素分析

目的:探索影响抑郁症患者抗抑郁剂疗效的预测因素。方法:241例抑郁症患者给予抗抑郁药治疗6周,治疗前后进行汉密顿抑郁量表17项(HAMD)评分,采用减分率评定疗效。分析人口学因素、基线HAMD、明尼苏达多项人格测定(MMPI-2)、认知功能评分及脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、5-羟色胺转运体(5-HTTLPR)和糖皮质激素受体(GR)3种基因多态对疗效的预测。结果:基线HAMD评分(β=0.771,P0.001)、MMPI-2中偏执(Pa)分(β=-0.322,P=0.032,R2=0.451)、连线测验B评分(TMT-B)(β=-0.045,P=0.013)、汉诺塔总分(β=-0.067,P=0.026)、数字广度(倒序)分(β=-0.974,P=0.025)及GR BclI基因G-等位基因携带者(P=0.05)与抗抑郁剂HAMD减分率有关。整合模型回归分析显示,结合基线HAMD评分(β=0.894,P0.001)、MMPI-2-Pa分(β=-0.155,P=0.036)和TMT-B分(β=-0.038,P=0.034)3个预测因子可解释57.1%的变异。结论:基线HAMD评分、MMPI-2-Pa分和TMT-B分可预测抗抑郁剂的疗效。     

A longitudinal VBM study in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder at 2-year follow-up after cognitive behavioural therapy

Objectives. To identify neurodevelopmental differences in regional brain volume between medication-free paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and controls at 2-year follow-up after cognitive behavioural therapy. Methods. We assessed 17 medication-free paediatric OCD patients (mean age 13.8 years; SD = 2.8; range 8.2–19.0) and 20 controls, matched on age and gender, with T1-weighted MR scans in a repeated measures design at three time points with intervals of 6 months and 2 years. Voxel based morphometry (VBM) was used to test whole brain voxel-wise for the effects of diagnosis and time on regional grey matter (GM) and white matter volumes. Results. GM volume of the orbitofrontal cortex showed a group × time interaction effect, driven by an increase of GM volume over the whole time period in OCD patients and a decrease in controls. When splitting the groups in two age groups (8–12 and 13–19 years) this interaction effect was only seen in the youngest age group. Conclusions. Neuroimaging findings in paediatric OCD after 6 months of CBT in the GM volume of the orbital frontal cortex are still present at 2-year follow-up.     

注意缺陷多动障碍血小板单胺氧化酶活性测定的初步研究

本文测定了注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患者血小板单胺氧化酶活性,结果显示ADHD时该酶活性明显低于对照组,而在经哌醋甲酯治疗后无明显改变,与Conners量表也未显示出明显相关。文中还对单胺氧化酶与治疗的关系进行了讨论。     

Persistent verbal and behavioral deficits after resection of the left supplementary motor area in epilepsy surgery

An 8-year-old boy underwent a resection for focal cortical dysplasia at the left supplementary motor area (SMA) for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. The manifestations of SMA syndrome, such as transient mutism and right hemiparesis, resolved within a few weeks. Verbal disfluency and impaired executive function, accompanied by impulsivity and distractibility, persisted for more than 12 months. The verbal and behavioral problems caused serious difficulties in the school life of the patient, until they became less evident at 18 months after surgery. Tractography performed 18 months after surgery revealed a defect in the subportion of fronto-parietal association fibers within the left superior longitudinal fascicles. Verbal influency can persist with unusually long duration after resection of SMA during childhood. Although not discernible on the routine neuroimaging, white matter damage beneath the SMA region could result in serious disabilities in executive function. These complications should be recognized for the prediction and assessment of deficits in children after surgical intervention involving this region.