Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis

Background and ObjectiveTo combine the results of the best scientific evidence in order to compare the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and in sinus rhythm (SR) and to determine the effect of atrioventricular nodal ablation in AF patients.MethodsThe electronic databases PubMed, B-On and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched, and manual searches were performed, for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies up to November 2012. The endpoints analyzed were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and response to CRT.ResultsWe included 19 studies involving 5324 patients: 1399 in AF and 3925 in SR. All-cause mortality was more likely in patients with AF compared to patients in SR (OR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.20–2.37; p=0.002). There were no statistically significant differences in cardiovascular mortality (OR=1.36; 95% CI: 0.92–2.01; p=0.12). AF was associated with an increased likelihood of lack of response to CRT (OR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.15–1.73; p=0.001). Among subjects with AF, ablation of the atrioventricular node was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (OR=0.42; 95% CI: 0.22–0.80; p=0.008), cardiovascular death (OR=0.39; 95% CI: 0.20–0.75; p=0.005) and the number of non-responders to CRT (OR=0.30; 95% CI: 0.10–0.90; p=0.03).ConclusionsThe presence of AF is associated with increased likelihood of all-cause death and non-response to CRT, compared to patients in SR. However, many patients with AF benefit from CRT. Atrioventricular nodal ablation appears to increase the benefits of CRT in patients with AF.     

小影像Koch三角及其房室结射频消融应注意的问题

为探讨小影像Koch三角房室结折返性心动过速 (AVNRT)病人射频消融时应注意的问题 ,右前斜位 30°透视下 ,将最大希氏束 (HBE)电位记录处与冠状静脉窦口 (CSo)处的影像距离容纳不下 3个 8F加硬大头电极者定义为小影像Koch三角 ,对 16例小影像Koch三角的AVNRT病人 ,参照慢径消融法行射频消融。结果 :16例病人中 ,成功消融靶点位于CSo水平以下者 12例 ,与CSo位于同一水平者 3例 ,位于CSo水平以上者 1例。 16例病人经消融后房室传导跳跃现象消失者 14例 ;跳跃现象存在 ,但无心房回波 ,异丙肾上腺素亦不能诱发AVNRT者 2例。上述 12例中有 1例于术中出现一过性房室阻滞 (AVB) ,术后 2 4h发生Ⅱ度Ⅱ型AVB ,出院后随访 3个月未能恢复正常 ,因心率为 38～ 5 0次 /分 ,并伴有脑供血不足症状 ,遂置入永久心脏起搏器。其余病人经过 3.5± 1.2 (0 .5～ 5 )年的随访 ,无AVNRT复发 ,亦无AVB发生。结论 :对于小影像Koch三角AVNRT病人的射频消融 ,应突破常规消融时的区位划分概念 ,主要在CSo前下方寻找并消融慢径 ,并根据放电后反应及时调整消融参数。     

Pathological Substratum for a Case of Fulminant Myocarditis Treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Subsequent Heart Transplantation

Fulminant myocarditis has been defined as the clinical manifestation of cardiac inflammation with rapid-onset heart failure and cardiogenic shock. We report on the case of a 23-yr-old woman with pathology-proven fulminant lymphocytic myocarditis presenting shock with elevated cardiac troponin I and ST segments in V_1-2, following sustained ventricular tachycardia and a complete atrioventricular block. About 55 min of intensive cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, bridged the patient to orthotopic heart transplantation. The explanted heart revealed diffuse lymphocytic infiltration and myocyte necrosis in all four cardiac chamber walls. Aggressive mechanical circulatory support may be an essential bridge for recovery or even transplantation in patients with fulminant myocarditis with shock.

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Blood supply of the sinus node artery in beagle dogs

Summary Postmortem coronary angiography was performed in 20 beagles and 15 mongrels, and the origin and distribution of the sinus node arteries (SNAs) were subsequently investigated using soft X-ray radiography, the tissue clearing method, and histological examination. In 19 of 20 beagles, the SNAs consisted of a single atrial branch originating from the right coronary artery, and the distribution pattern of the atrial branch seemed to be uniform. In contrast, the following three different patterns were recognized in the atrial branches forming the SNAs of mongrels: (1) distribution by two atrial branches, i.e., one originating from the right coronary artery and the other from the left circumflex artery, (2) dual distribution by two atrial branches originating from the right coronary artery, and (3) distribution by a single atrial branch originating from the right coronary artery or from the left circumflex artery. In 26 of the 30 dogs which were histologically examined, the SNAs ran outside of the sinus node and were not centrally located. In the beagles, the proximal atrial branch from the right coronary artery reached the atrioventricuolar node area and supplied blood to the atrioventricular node together with the arterial branches derived from the anterior septal artery and posterior septal artery. In addition, the arterial branch of the SNAs reached the atrioventricular junction area. These findings should contribute to clinical, pharmacological, and pathological studies of the cardiovascular system, including studies on cardiac arrhythmias in beagles.     

冷冻消融慢径治疗房室结折返性心动过速的初步临床应用

为探讨冷冻消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的疗效、安全性及其方法。对13例AVNRT行冷冻消融慢径,用-30℃冷冻粘附后行冷冻标测,确定有效靶点且无快径损伤后,立即进行-75℃冷冻消融,消融240～300s,消融过程中密切观察房室结传导功能,一旦发现有房室结损伤,立即终止消融,改换靶点。结果:13例,均获成功,随访1～9个月,无复发;在-30℃冷冻标测时,冷冻消融导管头端与靶点冷冻粘附,无位移现象;冷冻消融过程中无结性早搏或结性心律出现;1例在冷冻标测,另1例在冷冻消融过程中出现一过性房室阻滞,立即停止冷冻后复温,即刻传导恢复。无其它并发症发生。结论:冷冻消融是治疗AVNRT的有效方法,并能降低永久性房室阻滞的风险。     

VDD起搏治疗幼儿完全性房室阻滞(附一例报告)

一例３．５岁的女性幼儿因室间隔缺损修补术致迟发性完全性房室阻滞（ＣＡＶＢ）而安置ＶＤＤ起搏器。经锁骨下静脉途径埋置单根心房感知、心室触发起搏电极，使之于右房内塑形并贴靠房壁；起搏器埋于同侧皮下胸大肌筋膜上囊袋内。术中测得起搏阈值０．１Ｖ、脉宽０．４ｍｓ、电极阻抗５２０Ω、Ａ波振幅１．５ｍＶ、Ｖ波振幅１０．６ｍＶ，Ａ波感知设定０．２５ｍＶ。术后房室同步起搏率１００％，临床症状改善。表明ＶＤＤ起搏器不仅埋置简便，而且具有房室同步、频率应答等生理性起搏特点，是治疗幼儿ＣＡＶＢ的理想起搏方式。     

阵发性室上性心动过速时ST－T改变的临床意义

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avR导联假性r波或粗顿和ST段抬高在阵发性室上性心动过速鉴别中的价值

目的 探究avR导联在阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)中的鉴别诊断价值.方法 选取行射频消融的患者150例,分为房室折返性心动过速组(AVRT组n=82)和房室结折返性心动过速组(AVNRT组n=68),观察窦性心律及室上速发作时avR导联QRS波终末部形态(假r波或粗顿)和ST段抬高(水平型,上斜型,及下斜型)改变情况.结果 与窦性心律相比,AVRT组avR导联QRS波终末部形态改变共5例(6.0％),AVNRT组avR导联QRS波终末部形态改变有50例(73.5％), 差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其诊断AVNRT的敏感性、特异性和阳性预测值分别是72.0％、82.4％、83.1％;与窦性心律时相比,AVRT组avR导联ST段抬高的发生数为59例,AVNRT组avR导联ST段抬高的有12例,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其诊断AVRT的敏感性、特异性和阳性预测值分别是73.5％、94.0％、91.0％ .结论 与窦性心律相比,avR导联假性r波或粗顿以及ST段抬高对判断PSVT的类型具有重要意义,有助于PSVT的鉴别诊断价值.