抗肿瘤药复方三生注射液的研究

复方三生注射液是由生附片等六味中药组成的静注用灭菌水溶液。本文综合报道了该制剂的制备方法,质量分析,抗肺癌作用的药理及临床等研究的主要内容。结果表明,本品是治疗中晚期肺癌有效的中药复方注射剂。     

Cannabinoid agonist, CP 55,940, facilitates intake of palatable foods when injected into the hindbrain

Cannabinoids have been shown to influence food intake, and until recently, the neural pathways mediating these effects have remained obscure. It has been previously shown that intracerebroventricular injection of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC) causes increased consumption of palatable foods in rats, and we postulated the involvement of the hindbrain in this cannabinoid-induced food intake. Cannulated rats (both female and male groups) trained to consume sweetened condensed milk received either lateral or fourth ventricle injections of CP 55,940 and were presented with sweetened condensed milk 15 min after injection. Rats were injected over a range of doses between 100 pg and 10 μg per rat. Milk intake was recorded for a total of 3 h. Lateral ventricle injection of CP 55,940 increased milk intake at doses in the microgram range. However, CP 55,940 was effective in increasing food intake at nanogram doses when injected into the fourth ventricle. Finally, male rats appeared to be more sensitive to CP 55,940 than female rats inasmuch as milk consumption was increased at the 1 ng dose in male rats, whereas only the 10 ng dose was effective in females. These results indicate that CP 55,940 may act in the hindbrain to influence feeding behavior in rats.     

肌萎灵注射液对大鼠原代培养运动神经元生长的影响

为了观察中药制剂肌萎灵注射液对大鼠原代培养脊髓运动神经元生长的影响,本研究采用MTT方法观察神经元活力,并通过免疫组织化学技术进行NF 200染色后图像分析测定突起长度。结果表明:浓度为0. 5% ~5%的肌萎灵注射液能增加培养神经元活力,浓度为0. 5% ~1%的肌萎灵能促进神经元突起生长。本研究结果提示:肌萎灵注射液对培养的大鼠脊髓运动神经元生长有促进作用。     

大鼠运动皮层投射神经元与Parvalbumin免疫阳性神经纤维终末的关系──免疫荧光、Confocal显微镜观察

Parvalburnin是细胞内一种钙结合蛋白。同时又可作为中枢神经系统内与GABA共存的神经元亚群的特异标记物，主要标记篮状及苔烛细胞。用PAP方谈染色可见大鼠Parvalbumin免疫阳性神经终末在运动皮层锥体神经元胞体周围形成包篮现象，但因该方法的局限性．较难明确二者的关系。为进一步了解Parvalbumin阳性终未在锥体神经元脑体、树突与轴突整体上的分布状况以及运幼皮层内不同传出神经元是否均接受同样的支配，本实验利用FastBlue送行标记、固定脑片细胞内注入LueiferYellow结合免疫荧光、Confocal显微镜观察，研究运动皮层内皮质丘脑（束旁核）、皮质效状体及皮质脊髓三种投射神经元与Parvalbumin阳性终末的关系。通过1．μ连续扫描图像的分析及立体对观察，Parvalbumin阳性终末清晰可见，与LuciferYellow标记的锥体细胞的关系也容易辨别．在三种投射神经元胞体上均可见Parvalbumin阳性终末包绕，形成明显包篮现象，但三种神经元上的终末数未见明显区别·阳性终未还分布于近端树突上，距胞体越远越稀疏：但在距脑体50μm以上的顶树突、30μm以上的基树突及其二、三级分枝的远端树突上仍偶有终末分布．此外，三种神经元轴突起始段上也有少量终末接触，但未形成明显的cartridge现象．这一结果揭示，Parvalb     

A 47,XXY fetus conceived after ICSI of spermatozoa from a patient with non-mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome: case report

The birth of 12 healthy infants to fathers with non-mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome has been reported so far. The spermatozoa for these pregnancies was obtained from frozen-thawed ejaculate in one pregnancy (twins) and from the testis in the remaining 10 infants. All of them had a normal karyotype. We describe a patient with non-mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome from whom a testicular biopsy was obtained and motile spermatozoa were collected. Of 16 oocytes that were injected, 14 fertilized and cleaved. Three embryos were transferred, resulting in a triplet pregnancy. Karyotype analysis from chorionic villous sampling revealed 46,XX, 46,XY and 46,XXY from the three fetuses. The affected 46,XXY fetus was reduced on the 14th gestational week. The pregnancy culminated with the birth of a healthy male and female, on the 36th gestational week, weighing 3600 and 2660 g respectively. This case report proves the presence of hyperploid spermatozoa in the seminiferous lumen, and strengthens the necessity of genetic diagnosis of the embryos or fetuses in such pregnancies to fathers with non-mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome.     

Fertility of ejaculated and testicular megalohead spermatozoa with intracytoplasmic sperm injection

In this study the fertility and outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using megalohead spermatozoa from the ejaculates and testicles was evaluated. Seventeen males with megalohead and pinhead sperm forms in their ejaculate were studied in 22 cycles. A high number of sperm heads without tails and abundant round spermatid forms were commonly observed. Round-headed spermatozoa were seldom accompanied by these severely abnormal spermatozoa. The majority of megalohead spermatozoa were observed to have multiple tails, were predominant in the sample, and were used for ICSI. Ejaculated megalohead spermatozoa were used for ICSI in 15 cycles, while testicular spermatozoa were used in seven cycles where there were no vital spermatozoa or spermatozoa of low vitality in the ejaculate. The same abnormal morphology was observed in the testicles as in the ejaculated spermatozoa in the same males. Mean (+/- SD) low motility 4.7 +/- 5.6% and sperm count (3.8 +/- 4.19 x 10(6)) were common findings in these severely teratozoospermic patients. A low fertilization rate (43.2%) was achieved by using megalohead sperm forms (group I, n = 17) in comparison with the control group (60.2%) which had zero normal sperm morphology according to strict criteria (group II, n = 30) (P <0.01). Furthermore, a low pregnancy rate (9.1%) was obtained in the megalohead sperm group in comparison with the control group (40%) (P <0.05). Low fertilization and pregnancy rates may be due to a high incidence of chromosomal abnormalities from severely defective spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Couples should be counselled and warned about possible low fertilization and pregnancy rates with ICSI when only pinhead and megalohead forms with a high number of sperm heads without tails are present in the ejaculate.     

腓浅神经痛诊治的解剖学基础(系列介绍之十五)

目的 介绍腓浅神经痛的诊断与局部注射的治疗方法。方法 选择门诊确诊为腓浅神经痛的患者18例，采用强的松龙混悬液加麻药局部注射神经穿出小腿深筋膜的部分的治疗方法。结果 所有病例皆在注射后短时完全止痛，多数病例一周后痊愈，少数病例经1～3次注射后痊愈。结论 对诊断明确的病例，采取强的松龙局部注射法，可以获得满意的疗效。     

Round spermatids from infertile men exhibit decreased protamine-1 and -2 mRNA

During spermiogenesis, histone-to-protamine exchange causes chromatin condensation. Spermatozoa from infertile men are known to exhibit an increased protamine-1 (PRM1) to protamine-2 (PRM2) protein ratio. Since patients undergoing testicular sperm extraction (TESE) followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) reveal low fertilization rates, whether the outcome of ICSI could be related to the percentage of round spermatids expressing PRM1-mRNA and PRM2-mRNA was investigated. Applying in-situ hybridization, 55 testicular biopsies from men undergoing TESE/ICSI were investigated. The percentage of PRM1-mRNA and PRM2-mRNA positive spermatids was significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased in men with at least qualitatively normal spermatogenesis (PRM1-mRNA: 58.4 +/- 13.8%; PRM2-mRNA: 56.4 +/- 11.3%) and impaired spermatogenesis (PRM1-mRNA: 32.6 +/- 10.8%; PRM2-mRNA: 31.7 +/- 11.1%) compared with men with obstructive azoospermia and quantitatively normal spermatogenesis (PRM1-mRNA: 79.9 +/- 4.6%; PRM2-mRNA: 78.1 +/- 5.7%). A positive correlation (r(PRM1) = 0.733; r(PRM2) = 0.784; P < 0.001) was demonstrated between the score and the percentage of PRM1-mRNA and PRM2-mRNA positive spermatids. While successful fertilization was neither related to the score, nor to the percentage of PRM1-mRNA and PRM2-mRNA positive spermatids, a significant (P < 0.05) relationship was demonstrated between successful fertilization and the PRM1-mRNA to PRM2-mRNA ratio. Therefore, the PRM1-mRNA to PRM2-mRNA ratio in round spermatids may serve as a possible predictive factor for the outcome of ICSI.     

干扰素诱导淋巴瘤细胞凋亡实验及临床研究

目的：分析梯度浓度的干扰素(IFN-α)对Burkitt淋巴瘤细胞株Daudi和T细胞淋巴瘤细胞株Jurkut及15例难治性淋巴瘤患者的直接作用。方法：以MTT法测定梯度浓度的IFN-α对两种淋巴瘤细胞株Daudi、Jurkat增殖作用的影响，以DNA末端标记法，流式细胞术，电镜观察测定IFN-α对淋巴瘤细胞的凋亡诱导作用，并采用瘤内注射IFN-α联合化疗治疗15例耐药的难治性淋巴瘤。结果：低浓度亚IFN-α对DaudiJurkat细胞增殖无明显抑制作用，高浓度IFN(10000U／ml)可显著抑制两种细胞增殖，且有时间相关性。高浓度的IFN-α可诱导淋巴瘤细胞凋亡。15例患者CR5例，PR7例，有效率80％，无明显毒副作用。结论：IFN-α可抑制淋巴瘤细胞增殖，诱导凋亡，有显著时间，剂量依赖性。局部应用IFN-α联合化疗是治疗难治性淋巴瘤的有效方法之一。     

Injection of substance P (SP) N-terminal fragment SP(1-7) into the ventral tegmental area modulates the levels of nucleus accumbens dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in male rats during morphine withdrawal

The biologically active substance P (SP) N-terminal metabolite SP_1–7 has been reported to modulate several neural processes such as learning, locomotor activity and reaction to opioid withdrawal. Although all these processes are believed to be associated with dopaminergic transmission no evidence of an interaction between SP_1–7 and dopamine in the case of morphine withdrawal has so far been reported. Therefore, in this work we applied in vivo microdialysis to investigate the effect of SP_1–7 injection into the ventral tegmental area on dopamine release in nucleus accumbens of male rats during naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal. The result showed that the heptapeptide enhances dopamine release and also elevates the level of the dopamine metabolite dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in this brain area. It was suggested that the observed action of the SP fragment on the dopamine system represents the underlying mechanism for a previously observed ability of SP_1–7 to counteract the aversion response to morphine withdrawal.