急性胆囊炎腹腔镜下超声刀逆行胆囊切除74例分析

目的探讨急性胆囊炎腹腔镜切除的可行性及方法。方法回顾性分析2009年3月至2012年3月腹腔镜下超声刀逆行胆囊切除74例急性胆囊炎患者的临床资料。结果66例顺利完成手术,8例中转开腹;术后胆汁漏1例,全部治愈出院。结论急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜切除是可行的、安全的,超声刀逆行切除是较好的方法。     

超声刀在食管癌根治手术中的应用研究

目的研究超声刀在食管癌根治手术中的应用价值。方法同期使用超声刀（30例）和电刀（30例）行食管癌根治手术60例,观察两组手术效果。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术,无围术期死亡。两组手术时间及术后住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;超声刀组术中失血量、术后24h胸腔引流量、术中和术后并发症发生率均低于电刀组（P〈0.05）,术中淋巴结清扫数量较电刀组更多（P〈0.05）,但阳性淋巴结数量与电刀组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论超声刀在食管癌根治手术中具有精确切割止血作用,损伤小,出血少,淋巴清扫更彻底,可以减少并发症,提高食管癌根治手术的安全性。     

超声刀在乳腺癌新辅助化疗后改良根治术中的应用价值

目的探讨在乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后应用超声刀（UAS）的价值。方法回顾性分析福建医科大学附属龙岩第一医院,2009年6月至2011年8月收治的经新辅助化疗2～3周期后再行改良根治术的52例乳腺癌,其中UAS手术治疗组23例,电刀（EI）手术治疗组29例,比较2组手术时问、术中出血量、术后引流管留置时间、术后住院天数、淋巴结检出数及皮下积液的区别。结果UAS组与EI组相比,术中出血量、术后引流管留置时间差异均有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）;手术时间、住院天数和皮下积液差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;淋巴结检出数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后,应用UAS行改良根治术及腋窝淋巴结清扫效果好,符合快速康复外科理念。     

CO2气腹下入肝血流阻断安全性探讨

目的探讨在一定气腹压力范围内,进行一定时间的入肝血流阻断的安全性。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2008年9月,中国医科大学附属盛京医院完成腹腔镜下肝海绵状血管瘤切除8例,其中男性3例,女性5例;年龄42-64岁,平均年龄47.9岁。均以持续入肝血流阻断法（CPM）阻断入肝血流,术中气腹压维持在1.33-2.00kPa（1015mmHg）,迅速完成切肝,监测术后第1、3、5天天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、总胆红素（TBiL）、白蛋白（ALB）变化,出院后随访半个月。结果全部顺利完成手术,无中转开腹,手术时间75-225min,平均手术时间138.8min（标准差48.7min）;第一肝门阻断时间25-45min,平均阻断时间32.0min（标准差6.0min）;术中出血量200-1500ml,平均出血量575.0ml（标准差562.5ml）。术后住院时间3-10d,平均住院时间6.0d（标准差2.2d）。出院后随访半个月,无一例患者发生肝功能衰竭,所有患者均无发热、黄疸,腹部超声检查未见腹腔积液;术后2周复查肝功能均基本恢复正常。结论在一定的气腹压力范围内,入肝血流阻断时间适当,CO2气腹下入肝血流阻断是安全的。     

Randomized clinical trial of torsional versus linear mode ultrasonically activated devices for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background  Conventional ultrasonically activated devices use linear mode vibration. Torsional mode ultrasonically activated device (TM) that oscillate around an arc have been recently introduced in the hope that the design may result in faster cutting and better hemostasis. Methods  Patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized to TM or linear mode ultrasonically activated device (LM). Intraoperative events were recorded. Postoperatively, a sample of suction fluid was analyzed for hemoglobin concentration to calculate intraoperative blood loss. Results  Seventy-five patients were randomized to TM and 76 patients to LM. Median blood loss was 5 (interquartile range (IQR), 1–19.7) ml with TM and 10.5 (IQR, 2.3–23) ml with LM (p = 0.105). The 95% confidence interval for the difference in median operative blood loss was −1.3 to +9.5 ml. Median gallbladder dissection time was similar in both groups (17 (IQR 11–29) minutes for TM vs. 21 (IQR, 12–29) minutes for LM; p = 0.248). Other modalities of hemostasis were required in 14 patients (19%) in the TM group compared with 21 patients (28%) in the LM group. One patient in the LM group developed postoperative hemoperitoneum and required urgent laparoscopic exploration. No patient required blood transfusion or suffered any other significant complication. Conclusion  TM has similar effectiveness to LM for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Registration number: ISRCTN87527062 (). This paper was based on a previous presentation at the International Surgical Congress of the Association of Surgeons in Great Britain and Ireland, Bournemouth, May 16, 2008.     

Development of an articulating ultrasonically activated device for laparoscopic surgery

Background  Ultrasonically activated devices (USADs) offer excellent coagulating dissection performance and are broadly used, particularly in endoscopic operations. Traditional USADs, however, have fixed linear shape and are thus limited in the directions from which organs can be approached. We have developed a small USAD transducer attached to the tip of an articulating device, offering a new kind of USAD in which the tip can bend as desired. We describe herein an evaluation of the coagulating dissection performance of this new articulating USAD and an in vivo confirmation of clinical usefulness. Methods  To evaluate coagulating dissection performance, we compared coagulating shearing on porcine splenic arteries between the articulating USAD and a Harmonic Scalpel II (HSII), representing a traditional USAD. Changing the amplitude of vibration between 60 μm and 80 μm and grip force among 1, 2, and 3 N, we measured the time required for division and bursting pressure of coagulating dissection. An in vivo experiment in a pig was also used to confirm the usefulness of the articulating USAD in laparoscopic operations. Results  Division time did not differ significantly between the articulating USAD and HSII with an 80-μm amplitude of vibration and a grip force of 2 or 3 N. Bursting pressure of blood vessels showed no significant difference between articulating USAD and HSII under all experimental conditions. In the in vivo experiment, the new bendable tip of the articulating USAD displayed coagulating dissection performance equivalent to that of the traditional USAD. Conclusions  We have developed a new articulating USAD that can broaden the range of methods and approaches available for USADs and improve usefulness and safety.     

超声刀手术治疗良性结节性甲状腺肿的护理

超声刀辅助颈部小切口手术治疗良性结节性甲状腺肿，术前术后的护理措施必须到位。在做好基础护理的同时，术前需要注意患者的心理变化、做好术前准备工作，术后在6小时内要密切观察患者的生命体征，注意观察是否有并发症的迹象，对引流管要特别注意观察引流液的性状。做好护理工作，可以促使患者早日康复。     

外科新技术-水刀(Water jet scalpel)

介绍近年出现的外科新技术—水刀(water jet scalpel)及其在肝胆外科、颌面外科、骨外科、神经外科、泌尿外科、耳鼻喉科和眼科手术中的应用。     

高频电刀在宫颈癌根治术中的应用

目的 :探讨高频电刀在宫颈癌根治术中的应用价值。方法 :采用单极高频电刀调视电切功率为80W～ 90W ,电凝功率为 5 0W～ 6 0W ,按照张志毅[1] 的方法进行子宫广泛切除和盆腔淋巴结清扫手术。结果 :该方法与传统手术方法比较 ,出血少时间短 (P <0 0 5 ) ;清扫淋巴结数目无差异 ,术中副损伤无差异 ,术后淋巴囊肿和输尿管坏死无差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :只要术者盆腔解剖清楚 ,手术技术良好 ,使用高频电刀进行宫颈癌根治术能够达到安全 ,快捷 ,彻底。     

超声刀与高频电刀在腹腔镜胆道探查术中的对比研究

目的:对比研究超声刀(ultrasonic harmonic scalpel,UHS)与高频电刀(high-frequency mono-polar electronic scalpel,HMES)在腹腔镜胆道探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析216例LCBDE患者的临床资料,其中98例术中应用UHS(A组),118例术中应用HMES(B组);对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、中转开腹率、术后胆漏率、术后出血量及住院时间;检测两组患者术前及术后第1天、第3天、第5天ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL、GGT、ALP水平。结果:两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、中转开腹率、术后胆漏率、术后出血量及住院时间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);肝功能检测显示,与术前比较,A组术后第1天,B组术后第1天、第3天ALT、AST明显升高(P<0.05),第5天两组均恢复至正常水平;术后第3天两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后第3天、第5天TBIL、DBIL水平较术前及术后第1天显著降低,术后第5天较第3天显著下降(P<0.05);术后第5天两组ALP、GGT较术前显著下降,两组间相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:LCBDE术中应用UHS、HMES均是安全、有效的,可有效解除胆道梗阻。