Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients by the blind protected telescoping catheter

Objectives To demonstrate that blind insertion of the protected telescoping catheter (PTC-NB) through the orotracheal tube can provide reliable pulmonary samples for the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia (NP) in ventilated patients.Design We performed a random comparison between the protected telescoping catheter intoduced through a bronchofiberscope (PTC-B) and the PTC-NB to diagnose NP.Setting: A general intensive care unit of a University Hospital.Patients 40 consecutive patients on mechanical ventilation and with suspicion of NP. The diagnosis of NP was suspected by clinical and chest X-ray findings.Measurements and results NP was confirmed microbiologically in 26 (65%) patients and maintained in 8 patients by clinical and radiological criteria. PTC-NB confirmed the microbiological diagnosis of PN in 21 (80%) patients. The use of antibiotics prior taking respiratory samples reduced the sensitivity of PTC-NB and PTC-B from 100–74% and from 94–70% (p=0.001). Both techniques agreed in 24 of 33 (73%) patients but such agreement was better when PN was on the right lung. Two patients developed a self-limiting hemoptysis after the PTC-B procedure.Conclusions PTC-NB is as sensitive as specific as PTC-B for diagnosing PN in mechanically ventilated patients, being a much easier technique to use.     

La disfagia en cuidados intensivos,un problema real: análisis de factores de riesgo

AimsTo identify risk factors present in patients with dysphagia in a population of critically ill patients.MethodsCase series of a cohort of patients recruited in the intensive care unit (ICU) until hospital discharge. Patients who gave consent and met the inclusion criteria were recruited. The Volume-Viscosity clinical examination method was used for the screening of dysphagia. An uni- and bivariate statistical analysis was performed using odds ratio (OR) to detect risk factors for dysphagia.Outcomes103 patients were recruited from 401 possible. The mean age was 59,33±13,23, men represented 76,7%. The severity of the sample was: APACHE II (12,74±6,17) and Charlson (2,98±3,31). 45,6% of patients showed dysphagia, obtaining significant OR values (p<0,050) for the development of dysphagia: older age, neurological antecedents, COVID19, long stay in ICU and hospitalization, and the presence of tracheotomy. COVID19 patients represented 46,6% of the sample, so an analysis of this subgroup was performed, showing similar results, with a Charlson risk (OR:4,65; 95% CI:1,31-16,47; p=0,014) and a hospital stay (OR: 8,50; 95%CI: 2,20-32,83; p<0,001). On discharge from the ICU, 37,9% of the population still had dysphagia; 12,6% maintained this problem at hospital discharge.ConclusionsAlmost half of our patients developed dysphagia. Clinical severity and the presence of tracheotomy were risk factors. We observed in patients with dysphagia a longer stay in both ICU and hospitalization.     

乙肝相关性慢加急性肝衰竭患者在肝移植等待期接受血浆置换的疗效分析

目的 研究肝移植等待期接受血浆置换(plasma exchange,PE)的乙肝相关性慢加急性肝衰竭(hepatitis B virus associated acute-on-chronic liver failure,HBV-ACLF)患者的预后影响因素.方法 回顾性分析上海长征医院2018年6月～2021年6月在...     

118例宫腔粘连患者的临床指标分析

目的 探讨重度与非重度宫腔粘连（IUA）患者各项临床指标之间的差异。方法 收集经宫腔镜确诊IUA的118例患者的临床资料,根据IUA AFS评分标准将患者分为重度IUA组（重度组,41例）和轻中度IUA组（非重度组,77例）,并分析2组患者各项临床指标间的差异。结果 与非重度组患者比较,重度组患者的孕次较多、2次以上清宫史者比例较高、宫腔镜电切操作次数较多（P均< 0.05）。2组中人工流产术后、宫腔镜下电切术后、子宫动脉栓塞术联合清宫术后宫腔操作史者比例比较差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。重度组患者中宫腔操作次数 ≥3次者比例（85%）高于非重度组（P < 0.05）;重度组患者中经阴道彩色多普勒超声提示宫腔异常（回声不均、连续性中断、显示不清或粘连）者的比例高于非重度组（P < 0.05）。结论 人工流产术、宫腔镜下电切术和子宫动脉栓塞后清宫术可增加IUA发生的风险,经阴道彩色多普勒超声对重度IUA有较好的诊断价值。     

基于深度学习的全身麻醉患者围术期非计划低体温预测模型的构建与应用北大核心CSCD

目的构建全身麻醉患者围术期非计划低体温预测模型并应用于临床,验证其性能。方法纳入2016年1月至2020年9月浙江省某三级甲等医院19068例手术患者数据,运用基于深度学习的人工智能技术构建模型,采用受试者操作特征曲线下面积和决策曲线检验模型的预测效果。于2020年10月至2021年3月纳入2157例手术患者对模型的预测准确率进行检验。结果建模组的手术患者中低体温发生率为13.89%(2649/19068),验证组手术患者低体温发生率为14.18%(306/2157),预测模型的受试者操作特征曲线下面积为0.724(95%CI:0.707~0.741),灵敏度为0.516,特异度为0.823,截断值为0.175,实际应用的准确率为79.54%。结论本研究模型能够稳定的预测全身麻醉患者围术期非计划低体温的发生率,可为临床预防围术期非计划低体温提供参考。     

Efficacy of topical cyclosporine for the treatment of ocular rosacea

Introduction  This study was designed to compare the efficacy of cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% with an artificial tear solution for the treatment of rosacea-associated eyelid and corneal pathology. Methods  Double-masked, randomized, 3-month clinical trial of 37 patients with rosacea-associated eyelid and corneal changes (defined as lid margin telangiectasia, meibomian gland inspissation, and/or fullness of the lid margin). All findings were standardized and compared to photographs for grading. Results  There was a statistically significant increase in Schirmer (with anesthesia) scores of 2.7±2.2 mm after 3 months of treatment in the topical cyclosporine group (P<0.001), compared with a mean decrease of −1.4±4.6 mm (P=0.271) in the artificial tears group. The mean tear break-up time score significantly improved in the topical cyclosporine group (mean increase of 3.56±1.5 seconds, P<0.001), but worsened in the control group, although this change was not significantly significant (mean decrease of −0.04±1.6 seconds, P=0.929). The topical cyclosporine group exhibited a significantly greater mean reduction in corneal staining scores (−1.3±0.53) compared with the control group (−0.2±0.83; between groups P<0.001). The topical cyclosporine group had a greater improvement in Ocular Surface Disease Index scores than those using artificial tears (P=0.022). Limitations of the study included an older, predominantly Caucasian patient population and short trial length. Conclusions  Topical cyclosporine 0.05% is more effective than artificial tears for the treatment of rosacea-associated lid and corneal changes.     

人工关节置换术后并发精神障碍的原因分析与护理对策

术后精神障碍是指术前无精神异常的病人受围手术期各种因素的影响,出现术后大脑功能紊乱,导致认知、情感、行为和意志等精神活动不同程度障碍,包括术后谵妄、术后认知功能障碍、创伤后精神紧张性障碍等多种表现形式。随着老年患者行关节置换的病例逐年增加,随之而来并发精神障碍的现象也日益受到临床重视和关注。笔者对2010年1月-2012年6月在我院行关节置换的267例患者的资料进行回顾分析,旨在为临床术后精神障碍的护理提供有效方法和依据。