银杏叶提取物联合盐酸文拉法辛对抑郁大鼠海马nNOS蛋白表达及NO水平的影响

目的 :探讨抑郁症脑损伤的机制 ,研究银杏叶提取物 (EGb)及合成抗抑郁药盐酸文拉法辛(Venlafaxine)对抑郁大鼠的抗脑损伤及神经元保护作用。方法 :慢性应激建立大鼠抑郁模型。将 84只雄性大鼠分为正常对照组、抑郁模型组和不同治疗组。快速断头法处死 ,取海马后一侧进行免疫组化反应 ,观察海马CA3区nNOS蛋白的表达 ;另一侧检测NO含量 ;同时测定血清中NO含量。结果 :抑郁模型组海马nNOS表达增加 ,海马及血清中NO含量增加 ,P <0 0 1;联合用药组海马nNOS表达下降 ,海马及血清中NO含量减少 ,P <0 0 1。结论 :慢性应激增加海马nNOS表达 ;EGb有减轻神经元损伤 ,保护神经元的作用 ,其与Venlafaxine合用可能会达到对抑郁进行多靶点、多层次的治疗 ,弥补单一用药的不足。     

苦瓜提取物对实验性Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的血糖的影响

目的:观察苦瓜提取物对链脲霉素引起的Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型的血糖、血清胰岛素及血脂的影响。方法:大鼠尾静脉注射小剂量链脲霉素25mg·kg-1,同时喂以高糖高脂饲料复制Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型.然后给予苦瓜提取物14,28,56mg·kg-1,连续灌胃给药4周后,测定血糖、血清胰岛素及血脂。结果:苦瓜提取物14,28,56mg·kg-1能降低实验性Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠血糖及血清胰岛素水平,能升高HDL-C含量,而对血脂其它指标无明显影响。结论:苦瓜提取物对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠有治疗作用。     

香烟烟雾提取物对哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞蛋白激酶C活性的影响

目的：研究香烟烟雾提取物（CSE）对哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞（ASMC）蛋白激酶C（PKC）活性的影响。 方法： 24只Wistar大鼠随机分为哮喘干预组（A组）、单纯哮喘组（B组）、对照干预组（C组）及对照组（D组），用5％ 浓度的CSE干预A、C两组ASMC，分别于干预0、1、2、3和6 h后，分离ASMC，提取胞浆及胞膜PKC，然后用［γ-32P］-ATP催化活性测定法检测PKC的活性。结果:（1）ASMC胞膜、胞浆PKC活性及两者比值：在1 h及2 h时，A组显著强于B、C、D组（均P<0.01）；B、C组显著强于D组（P<0.01，P<0.05）；B组与C组在1 h、2 h时均无显著差异。而B组与C组在1 h、2 h时差异均无显著(P＞0.05)。（2）组内ASMC胞膜、胞浆PKC活性比值：A、B、C 3组：1 h显著高于0 h、2 h（均P<0.01）；B组：2 h显著高于0 h（P<0.05）。 结论:CSE可能通过改变PKC的活性而进一步影响哮喘及其它呼吸系统疾病的发生、发展。     

Action of allogeneic and syngeneic splenic extracts on primary cell cultures from inbred mice

The effect of allogeneic and syngeneic extracts from the spleens of male and female inbred mice on primary cultures of fibroblasts obtained from the subcutaneous connective tissues of fetuses of CBA and C57BL/6J mice was studied. The cytotoxic and growth-inhibiting action on the cultures was successively enhanced by the use of extracts from syngeneic male and allogeneic female and male tissues. Consequently, an increase in the degree of antigenic difference between the target cells and extracts led to enhancement of the phenomenon of allogeneic inhibition. It was shown for the first time that in a syngeneic system extracts from male tissues (containing the weak H-Y antigen) have a cytotoxic action on cells from female inbred mice, i.e., that they induce a reaction of the allogeneic inhibition type.Research Laboratory of Experimental Immunobiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 10, pp. 486–488, October, 1978.     

Antimicrobial Activity of Various Extracts of Ocimum Basilicum L. and Observation of the Inhibition Effect on Bacterial Cells by Use of Scanning Electron Microscopy

The antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. were studied. These extracts were tested in vitro against 10 bacteria and 4 yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the methanol extracts of O. basilucum exhibited the antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. While the chloroform and acetone extracts had no effect, the methanol extracts showed inhibition zones against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and two different strains of Escherichia coli. The cells of microorganisms, which were treated and untreated with plant extracts, were observed by using the scanning electron microscope. It was observed that the treated cells were damaged.     

Immunologic events in pigeon breeders'' disease

The immunologic and physiologic status of a group of symptomatic and asymptomatic pigeon breeders was studied in an attempt to define the immunologic events occurring in pigeon breeders' disease. Antibody activity to antigen(s) present in pigeon dropping extract (PDE) and pigeon serum (PS) was detected in the serum of both symptomatic and asymptomatic breeders. Antibody activity, however, tended to be greater in the symptomatic pigeon breeders. When subjects were challenged with PS via aerosol, serum complement activity became depressed only in asymptomatic patients. Cellular hypersensitivity to antigens present in PDE was detected in vitro in peripheral lymphocyte populations of 4 of 5 symptomatic breeders and in none of the asymptomatic breeders; cellular hypersensitivity to antigens in PS was not demonstrated in any of the individuals tested. These findings indicate that cell-mediated hypersensitivity, as well as humoral immunologic processes, may be involved in the pathogenesis of the hypersensitivity pneumonitis found in pigeon breeders.     

不同浓度缺氧预适应小鼠脑匀浆提取液对PC12细胞缺氧耐受性的影响

目的： 探讨缺氧预适应小鼠脑匀浆提取液(HP extract)对PC12细胞缺氧耐受性的影响。方法: 复制小鼠急性重复缺氧模型，制备HP extract。在培养PC12细胞中加入HP extract使其终浓度分别为0.2、0.8、3.2、6.4、12.8 g/L(HP组)。以同浓度正常小鼠脑匀浆提取液(N extract)作为对照组(N组)。缺氧(2%O2) 培养24、48、72 h后, 采用四唑盐（MTT）比色法检测各组细胞活力 (A570值)并检测缺氧24、48、72 h乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）透出率、缺氧24 h早期凋亡率(Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞仪检测)、缺氧72 h晚期凋亡率(Hoechst33258染色荧光显微镜检测)。结果: HP extract浓度低于6.4 g/L(包括6.4 g/L), 缺氧培养24 h时, HP组A570值显著高于同浓度N组, 其 LDH透出率显著低于同浓度N组。随缺氧时间延长, 高浓度HP extract逐渐失去细胞保护作用。至72 h时浓度高于6.4 g/L(包括6.4 g/L)HP extract有促细胞凋亡作用, 此时HP组A570值显著低于同浓度N组, 其LDH透出率和晚期凋亡率均显著高于同浓度N组。结论: 缺氧预适应小鼠脑匀浆提取液对PC12细胞缺氧耐受性的影响呈浓度依赖性和时间依赖性。     

Cockroach allergen extract stimulates protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) expressed in mouse lung fibroblast

Objective: To investigate whether cockroach allergen extract can stimulate Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) expressed in mouse lung fibroblast.Materials: We established an immortalized lung fibroblast cell line, DM5, from PAR-2 deficient mice. By stable transfection with either an empty vector (DM5/EV) or an expression vector encoding mouse PAR-2 cDNA (DM5/Par2), a pair of lung fibroblast cell lines with or without functional PAR-2 expression were prepared.Treatment: The cells were exposed to cockroach allergen extract {up to 800 protein nitrogen unit (PNU)/ml}, trypsin (up to 100 nM), SLIGRL agonist peptide (up to 500 M), and trans-cinnamoyl-LIGRO agonist peptide (up to 400 M).Methods: The cells were loaded with Fluo-3 calcium indicator and mobilization of intracellular calcium with the stimuli was monitored by a fluorometric plate reader. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was examined by Western blot analysis using an anti-phospho ERK antibody.Results: The cockroach extract induced intracellular calcium transients in a concentration dependent manner in DM5/Par2 but not in DM5/EV. The activity was abolished when the cockroach extract was heat denatured or pre-incubated with PMSF (phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride) prior to the assay. Concomitantly, ERK phosphorylation was seen in DM5/Par2 with the cockroach extract but not with a heat-denatured extract. The responses were sensitive to an inositol-1,4,5 triphosphate antagonist (2-APB) indicating that calcium was mobilized from intracellular store.Conclusions: Cockroach allergen extract can activate PAR-2 and thereby stimulate mouse lung fibroblasts likely through protease(s). The present study proposes a potential mechanism for cockroach antigens, similar to house dust mite antigens, in the etiology of respiratory diseases.Received 29 February 2004; returned for revision 12 April 2004; accepted by M. Katori 22 April 2004     

In vivo and in vitro comparison of fire ant venom and fire ant whole body extract

Thirty-four patients with a history of immediate hypersensitivity to the sting of the imported fire ant were evaluated in a study designed to compare the diagnostic usefulness of fire ant whole body extract (WBE) preparations with that of fire ant venom (IFAV). Ninety-one percent ($\text{31}\text{34}$) of the hypersensitive patients skin tested with IFAV at a maximal concentration of 1:5 × 10³, $\text{v}\text{v}$, demonstrated a wheat equal to or greater than the histamine control. Fifty-three percent ($\text{18}\text{34}$) of the group were skin test positive to a WBE preparation. When the criteria for a positive skin test were relaxed, 82% of the hypersensitive group could be identified with the IFAWBE. A comparison of skin test results in sensitive patients revealed variability in the sensitivity of the WBE preparations utilized in the study. Leukocyte histamine release demonstrated a dose-response release of histamine with both IFAV and SIWBEa preparations. Specific venom antisera produced in rabbits identified a precipitin line of common identity in a gel-diffusion system containing IFAWBE and IFAV. This finding was verified by the competitive inhibition of IFAWBE with IFAV in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay system. Fire ant WBEs contain venom constituents and are effective diagnostic agents in up to 82% of patients with hypersensitivity to the sting of the imported fire ant. Marked variability in the responsiveness of sensitive patients to different WBE preparations mandates standardization of these diagnostic preparations.