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231.
Multiple levels of processing are thought to be involved in the appraisal of emotionally relevant events, with some processes being engaged relatively independently of attention, whereas other processes may depend on attention and current task goals or context. We conducted an event-related fMRI experiment to examine how processing angry voice prosody, an affectively and socially salient signal, is modulated by voluntary attention. To manipulate attention orthogonally to emotional prosody, we used a dichotic listening paradigm in which meaningless utterances, pronounced with either angry or neutral prosody, were presented simultaneously to both ears on each trial. In two successive blocks, participants selectively attended to either the left or right ear and performed a gender-decision on the voice heard on the target side. Our results revealed a functional dissociation between different brain areas. Whereas the right amygdala and bilateral superior temporal sulcus responded to anger prosody irrespective of whether it was heard from a to-be-attended or to-be-ignored voice, the orbitofrontal cortex and the cuneus in medial occipital cortex showed greater activation to the same emotional stimuli when the angry voice was to-be-attended rather than to-be-ignored. Furthermore, regression analyses revealed a strong correlation between orbitofrontal regions and sensitivity on a behavioral inhibition scale measuring proneness to anxiety reactions. Our results underscore the importance of emotion and attention interactions in social cognition by demonstrating that multiple levels of processing are involved in the appraisal of emotionally relevant cues in voices, and by showing a modulation of some emotional responses by both the current task-demands and individual differences.  相似文献   
232.
目的探究公立医院绩效考核与分配研究热点和发展趋势。 方法检索中国知网(CNKI)期刊数据库中2009年1月1日-2020年12月31日公立医院绩效考核与分配研究,采用聚类分析和社会网络分析法进行分析。结果研究热点为公立医院绩效管理、绩效改革、绩效考核方法与指标、绩效分配、绩效工资等。未来研究方向有人力资源管理、薪酬激励、绩效工资分配、关键绩效指标等。结论进一步深入开展人力资源管理和薪酬激励相关研究,注重绩效工资分配,加强关键绩效指标方法实证研究和绩效管理系统研究,加强研究机构间合作交流。  相似文献   
233.
目的探讨医务人员对三级公立医院绩效考核推进分级诊疗制度落实的态度现状。方法采用多阶段随机抽样调查法。从我国东部、中部、西部3个地区各随机抽取一个省级行政区,再从每个省级行政区按绩效考核等级各选取一家三级公立医院进行医务人员政策评价调查。采用Stata 15.0软件对医务人员态度相关数据进行统计学描述、非参数检验、二元Logistic回归分析等。结果共收集调查问卷12 835份。有95.20%的医务人员认为三级公立医院绩效考核对推进分级诊疗制度具有一定促进作用。高年龄段、硕博士研究生、高级专业技术职称以及从事临床医疗的医务人员认为三级公立医院绩效考核对推进分级诊疗制度无促进作用的比例更高。医务人员在三级公立医院绩效考核推进分级诊疗制度的促进程度方面,年龄、最高学历、从事专业类别、地区变量上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论三级公立医院绩效考核工作在推进分级诊疗制度落实以及优化监测指标层面有一定的提升空间。还需关注政策与医务人员的利益相关性,打破各级医疗机构间壁垒,促进形成整合协调的医疗服务体系。  相似文献   
234.
中小学教师职业紧张和紧张反应评价研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 评价中小学教师职业紧张和紧张反应强度。方法 采用职业紧张量表 (OSI- R)对 1460例中小学教师和 319例非教师进行了测试。结果 我国中小学教师职业紧张表现在工作任务过重和不良的工作环境 ;教师职业紧张强度和紧张反应随年龄增长而增高 ,高低年龄段相比具有非常显著的差异 (P<0 .0 1) ;男教师职业紧张强度和紧张反应显著高于女教师 (P<0 .0 1) ;中学教师 ,尤其是男教师职业紧张程度又显著高于小学教师(P<0 .0 5 )。结论 改善中小学教师工作条件 ,减轻工作压力 ,保护和促进他们的健康 ,对提高教育质量具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   
235.
目的 建立基于按病种分值付费(DIP)的主诊组绩效考核指标体系,以期提升医疗服务质量与效率。方法 通过两轮专题讨论与层次分析法确定考核指标体系和权重,并根据考核规则对上海市某三甲中西医结合医院神经内科4个主诊组2021年12月绩效进行考核评价。结果 建立了包含质量安全(33.70%)、DIP相关(23.72%)、运营效率(18.25%)、中医内涵(24.33%)4个一级指标、18个二级指标的考核指标体系,指标权重一致性检验CR值<0.1。神经内科4个主诊组在“质量安全”指标得分率最高(93.18%),“中医内涵”与“DIP相关”指标得分率偏低。结论 引入DIP相关指标的绩效考核指标体系能够客观反映中西医结合医院神经内科主诊组医疗服务情况。还需引导主诊组注重质量内涵建设,提升优势病种收治能力和专科服务能力。  相似文献   
236.
目的对北京市房山区创卫督导组灭蟑督导效果进行客观评价,提高其灭蟑水平。方法成立房山区创卫"灭蟑"检查督导组对房山区良乡建成区进行灭蟑督导,用目测法获得的蟑螂侵害率、阳性房间密度作为评价指标。结果督查前后成若虫侵害率下降96·89%,卵鞘侵害率下降100%,蟑螂迹侵害率下降95·33%;成若虫阳性房间密度下降86·36%,卵鞘阳性房间密度下降100%,蟑螂迹阳性房间密度下降82·85%。结论现场督导能够提高城市灭蟑水平,在创建国家卫生区、除四害工作中值得推广应用。  相似文献   
237.

Background

Sex research lacks experimental studies in which both partners participate in a laboratory procedure. This is relevant in the context of genital pain because painful vaginal sensations often occur in the presence of the partner.

Aim

To examine the effects of partner presence, sexual stimulation, and vaginal pressure on the appraisal of vaginal sensations and sexual arousal, ultimately aiming to increase the ecologic validity of laboratory designs.

Methods

A community sample of 42 women and their male partners watched sexual and neutral films while separated or together. We induced gradually increasing vaginal pressure in the women using an intravaginal inflatable rubber balloon.

Outcomes

Women reported on pleasant and painful vaginal pressure and perceived genital arousal. Men and women reported on subjective sexual arousal. We also examined whether these appraisals were moderated by relationship satisfaction.

Results

The appraisal of vaginal pressure varied as a function of relationship satisfaction. Less satisfied women reported more painful pressure than women who were highly satisfied and highly satisfied women appraised the pressure as more pleasant in the context of a sex film and in the presence (vs absence) of their partner. In men and women, although partner presence had a negative effect on subjective sexual arousal, the presence of the partner did increase women's perception of genital arousal when vaginal pressure was induced during a sex film, particularly when women felt highly satisfied with their relationship. Also, the effects on subjective sexual arousal were moderated by relationship satisfaction. For couples in which the woman was less satisfied, the induction of vaginal pressure resulted in higher subjective sexual arousal when the partner was absent compared with when he was present, whereas when the man felt less satisfied, partner presence had a positive effect on sexual arousal.

Clinical Implications

Interventions need to focus on the importance of sexual arousal during vaginal pressure stimulation and the way this is shaped by partner and relationship variables. Our results indicate that enhancing the relationship climate is an important target of intervention.

Strengths and Limitations

We did not include physical indices of genital arousal and did not use a clinical sample of women with genital pain.

Conclusions

The appraisal of vaginal sensations and sexual arousal are context-dependent responses that vary as a function of partner presence and sexual stimulation. Including both partners in the laboratory setting is important to create more valid models on sexual responding.Dewitte M, Schepers J, Melles R. The Effects of Partner Presence and Sexual Stimulation on the Appraisal of Vaginal Pressure and Sexual Arousal. J Sex Med 2018;15:539–549.  相似文献   
238.
分析了原有门诊绩效考核存在的考核片面、信息化水平低、临床科室不重视等问题,并从绩效考核原则、考核内容及方法、建设考核支撑平台、持续改进门诊绩效考核等4个方面介绍了信息技术在门诊绩效考核中的实践过程。指出信息技术门诊绩效考核提高了门诊服务总量,促进了学科发展,提高了患者满意度。  相似文献   
239.
240.
护士长工作绩效考评的研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
杨月  邢立辉  宋立媛 《中华护理教育》2010,7(7):336-336,F0003
<正>随着医学模式的转变和人民健康意识的提高,医疗和护理服务也成为一种商品被推入市场,人们对医疗护理服务的要求在不断的提高,患者对质量和服务越来越高的期望已成为世界性趋势[1],由此而来护理人员的职业素质和  相似文献   
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