人工智能在病理学教学中的应用

病理学属于基础医学学科,它着重研究疾病的起因、形态结构改变以及由这些变化引起的机体功能改变,为临床诊断提供依据,是基础医学与临床医学之间的重要纽带和过渡,其教学质量对后续临床实践起到举足轻重的作用,病理学教学也从传统的教学模式发展出混合式教学、虚拟病理实验室、互联网+等多种教学模式。近年来随着人工智能在医疗医学行业的飞速发展,其技术已广泛应用到医疗领域的各个方面,培养适应智能化医疗时代的新型病理人才刻不容缓。文章研究从病理学科教学工作的特点和性质入手,结合我国病理学人工智能应用现状,分析了中国目前病理专业技能培养的现状,为人工智能在病理人才专业技能与素质培养的应用中提供启发。     

以人为本 以才兴业 为食品药品科学检验提供人才支撑

目的 加强人才队伍建设，推动科学检验工作。方法 分析省级食品药品检验机构人才队伍的现状，介绍陕西省食品药品检验所通过选才、育才、聚才等一系列举措，加强人才队伍建设的具体实践。结果与结论 通过加快推进事业单位人事制度改革，进一步健全培养机制，强化培养措施，为科学检验提供有力的人才支撑。     

医院科研伦理价值观培育平台的构建

科研伦理价值观是指导科研人员科研动机和科研行为的价值意识,对科研诚信起到重要的作用。在三级医院应当根据不同的科研人员群体,搭建不同的科研伦理价值观培育平台,并最终成为一套立体的培育体系,引导科研人员树立正确的科研伦理价值观。     

气候变暖对阿勒泰地区春玉米播种期和种植布局的影响--测试文章

采用阿勒泰地区7个气象站1961—2010年逐日平均气温资料，使用线性趋势分析、累积距平、t检验并基于Kriging插值法，分析近50年日平均气温稳定通过≥10℃的初日、终日、持续日数和积温的时空变化特征，揭示春玉米播种期及种植布局的变化规律。结果表明，阿勒泰地区近50年≥10℃积温呈现初日提前、终日推迟、持续日数延长、积温增加的现象，其倾向率分别为0.3、1.3、1.6 d·10a^-1和57.1℃·10a^-1，且突变年份均发生在20世纪90年代中期。各县市春玉米播种期提前3～8 d，生长季延长6～11 d。突变前青河东部不能种植春玉米，晚熟品种不能种植或种植风险较大。随着气候不断变暖，春玉米不同熟性品种可种植区逐渐东扩，各县市春玉米在品种熟性上均发生了改变，表现为由不能种植到种植早熟、早熟向中（晚）熟、中晚熟向晚熟品种的变化。     

我国高等医学院校医学人才培养体制现状调查与分析

目的  为了遵循医学人才培养规律，规范医学人才培养体制，提高医学人才培养质量，探索符合我国实际需求的医学人才培养模式。方法  采用问卷调查法对全国140所高等医学院校进行调查，并对相关调查结果进行分析。结果  ①86.96%的高校对统一规范为“5+3”一体化为主体，同时参加住院医师规范化培训，毕业合格者授予医学博士（MD）学位表示赞成。②76.80%的高校对将“5+3”一体化作为培养全科医生主要渠道的医学博士培养体系表示赞成。③90.40%的高校对通过“5+3+X”一贯制培养授予MD+PhD项目，培养复合型高水平临床医学人才表示赞成。④84.80%的高校对医学学位授予与专科医师规范化培训相脱离，后者应纳入职业培训范畴表示赞成。结论  全面推进落实“5+3”为主体的高素质临床医学相关人才培养模式，将培养目标定位为以满足社会需求的高水平全科医生为主体，加快高层次复合型医学人才的培养体系建设。     

Single-cell analysis of CTCs with diagnostic precision: opportunities and challenges for personalized medicine

The generation of variant cancer cells is the major cause of acquired resistance against systemic therapies and consequently, of our inability to cure advanced cancer patients. Circulating tumor cells are gaining increasing clinical attention because they may enable the monitoring cancer progression and adjustment of treatment. In recent years multiple technologies for enrichment, isolation as well as molecular and functional analysis of circulating tumor cells have been developed. Implementation of these technologies in standardized and automated workflows in clinical diagnostics could provide valuable information for real-time monitoring of cancer and eventually new therapeutic strategies for the benefit of patients.     

In vitro and in vivo correlation for lipid-based formulations: Current status and future perspectives

Lipid-based formulations (LBFs) have demonstrated a great potential in enhancing the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, construction of in vitro and in vivo correlations (IVIVCs) for LBFs is quite challenging, owing to a complex in vivo processing of these formulations. In this paper, we start with a brief introduction on the gastrointestinal digestion of lipid/LBFs and its relation to enhanced oral drug absorption; based on the concept of IVIVCs, the current status of in vitro models to establish IVIVCs for LBFs is reviewed, while future perspectives in this field are discussed. In vitro tests, which facilitate the understanding and prediction of the in vivo performance of solid dosage forms, frequently fail to mimic the in vivo processing of LBFs, leading to inconsistent results. In vitro digestion models, which more closely simulate gastrointestinal physiology, are a more promising option. Despite some successes in IVIVC modeling, the accuracy and consistency of these models are yet to be validated, particularly for human data. A reliable IVIVC model can not only reduce the risk, time, and cost of formulation development but can also contribute to the formulation design and optimization, thus promoting the clinical translation of LBFs.     

Enhancing viral vaccine production using engineered knockout vero cell lines – A second look

The global adoption of vaccines to combat disease is hampered by the high cost of vaccine manufacturing. The work described herein follows two previous publications (van der Sanden et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2017) that report a strategy to enhance poliovirus and rotavirus vaccine production through genetic modification of the Vero cell lines used in large-scale vaccine manufacturing. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools were used to knockout Vero target genes previously shown to play a role in polio- and rotavirus production. Subsequently, small-scale models of current industry manufacturing systems were developed and adopted to assess the increases in polio- and rotavirus output by multiple stable knockout cell lines. Unlike previous studies, the Vero knockout cell lines failed to achieve desired target yield increases. These findings suggest that additional research will be required before implementing the genetically engineered Vero cell lines in the manufacturing process for polio- and rotavirus vaccines to be able to supply vaccines at reduced prices.