基于Rs-fMRI的维、汉语脑卒中后失语症患者的脑功能研究

目的 利用静息态功能磁共振成像技术（Rs-fMRI）研究维族和汉族脑卒中失语症患者在静息态下脑自发活动的差异区,并初步探讨形成差异的原因。 方法 利用Rs-fMRI采集15例汉族脑卒中失语症患者（汉语组）和12例维族脑卒中失语症患者（维语组）静息态下的fMRI数据,对数据预处理后进行低频振幅（ALFF）指标的计算,最后对两组数据做组间统计学比较。 结果 静息状态下汉语患者的ALFF大于维语患者,汉语患者的右侧丘脑ALFF值增加。 结论 在静息态下汉族失语症患者的右侧丘脑处ALFF大于维族患者,可能是由于汉族患者左侧脑区脑卒中后,右侧丘脑部分参与了新的语言回路,对语言功能的损失起到了一定的代偿作用。     

Validation of the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale in a multicultural population

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale (SAQOL-39?g) and its Mandarin adaptation SAQOL-CSg in Singaporean stroke patients.

Method: First-time stroke survivors were recruited at three months post-stroke and underwent a series of questionnaires in their dominant language (English/Mandarin). This included: SAQOL-39?g/CSg, National University Hospital System (NUHS) Aphasia Screening Test, Barthel Index, Modified Rankin Scale, Mini Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Eurol-Qol Health Questionnaire (EQ-5D). The SAQOL-39?g/SAQOL-CSg was repeated within 1 week (±?6 days).

Results: Ninety-four participants (96.9%) were able to self-report and their results presented here. Both the SAQOL-39?g/SAQOL-CSg showed good internal consistency (α?=?0.96/0.97), test–retest reliability (ICC=?0.99/0.98), convergent (r_s ?=0.64–0.81 and 0.66–0.88, respectively) and discriminant (r_s?=?0.35–0.53 and 0.48–0.62, respectively) validity. The correlation between the SAQOL-39?g and the EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale was 0.27. Further inspection of the EQ-5DVAS scores revealed correlations in different directions for Malay versus Chinese participants.

Conclusions: Both the SAQOL-39?g and SAQOL-CSg demonstrated good reliability and validity. Our results suggested some influence of ethnicity in self-rating of health status in relation to SAQOL-39?g scores. Further research is warranted to examine its use with stroke survivors with greater stroke severity and over time.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Validation of SAQOL in Singapore:

• Both the SAQOL-39g and the SAQOL-CSg may be used to measure the HRQoL of stroke survivors with and without aphasia in Singapore.

• Further investigation is required to examine use with stroke survivors with greater stroke severity and over time.

     

Adaptation and validation of stroke-aphasia quality of life (SAQOL-39) scale to Malayalam

Background:

Aphasia, an acquired inability to understand and/or speak language, is a common repercussion of stroke that denigrates the quality of life (QOL) in the affected persons. Several languages in India experience the dearth of instruments to measure the QOL of persons with aphasia. Malayalam, the language spoken by more than 33 million people in Kerala, the southern state of India, is not an exception to this.

Objective:

This study aimed to adapt and validate the widely-used stroke-aphasia quality of life (SAQOL-39) scale to Malayalam.

Materials and Methods:

We required seven Malayalam-speaking Speech Language Pathologists (SLPs), hailing from different regions of Kerala, to examine the socio-cultural suitability of the original items in SAQOL-39 and indicate modifications, wherever necessary. Subsequently, the linguistic adaptation was performed through a forward-backward translation scheme. The socio-culturally and linguistically adapted Malayalam version was then administered on a group of 48 Malayalam-speaking persons with aphasia to examine the test-retest reliability, acceptability, as well as the internal consistency of the instrument.

Results:

The Malayalam SAQOL-39 scale showed high test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.91) as well as acceptability with minimal missing data (0.52%). Further, it yielded high internal consistency (Chronbach''s ∝ = 0.98) as well as item-to-total and inter-domain correlations.

Conclusions:

The Malayalam version of SAQOL-39 is the first socio-culturally and linguistically adapted tool to measure the QOL of persons with stroke-aphasia speaking this language. It may serve as a potential tool to measure the QOL of this population in both clinical practice and future research endeavors.     

经颅直流电刺激背外侧前额叶对脑卒中后失语症患者命名和音位流畅性的影响

目的 观察经颅直流电刺激(tDCS) 脑卒中后失语症患者左侧背外侧前额叶（DLPFC）对其图片命名速度、图片命名正确率和音位流畅性的影响。 方法 采用随机数字表法将脑卒中后失语症患者24例分为观察组和对照组,每组患者12例。2组患者均进行语言训练和图片命名训练,观察组在图片命名训练的同时给予左侧背外侧前额叶tDCS治疗,每日1次,每次20 min,每周治疗6 d,连续治疗2周。对照组患者仅给予假tDCS治疗。于治疗前、治疗2周后分别对患者进行图片命名速度和正确率,以及音位流畅性测试。 结果 治疗2周后,2组患者高频词的准确数和反应时间与组内治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且观察组治疗2周后高频词的反应时间显著少于对照组治疗2周后,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗2周后,观察组低频词的反应时间与组内治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗2周后,观察组的音位流畅性为［7.50（4.50,8.75）］个,显著优于组内治疗前和对照组治疗2周后,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 对脑卒中后失语症患者的左侧背外侧前额叶进行tDCS,可以促进其大脑网络词汇检索的处理,加强患者的执行控制功能。     

The lived experience of engaging in everyday occupations in persons with mild to moderate aphasia

Abstract

Purpose: Impairment of language ability, aphasia, can cause barriers to communication and hence impact on participation in many life situations. This study aimed to describe and explore how persons with aphasia following stroke experience engaging in everyday occupations. Method: Six persons from Southwest Finland who had aphasia due to stroke one to four years previously were interviewed for the study. A modified form of the empirical phenomenological psychological method was used for data analysis. Results: Three main characteristics of experiences of engaging in everyday occupations were identified: (1) encountering new experiences in everyday occupations, (2) striving to handle everyday occupations and (3) going ahead with life. The participants had experienced an altering life-world. Engagement in occupations affected their perceptions of competence and identity, and experiences of belonging and well-being. It was also through engagement in everyday occupations that they had discovered and learnt to handle changes in their everyday life. Conclusion: Aphasia can have a long-term impact on engagement in everyday occupations and participation in society, but conversely, engagement in meaningful occupations can also contribute to adaptation to disability and life changes.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Aphasia can have a long-term impact on engagement in everyday occupations and participation in society.

• Health care professionals need to determine what clients with aphasia think about their occupations and life situations in spite of difficulties they may have verbalizing their thoughts.

• Experiences of engaging in meaningful occupations can help clients with aphasia in reconstructing their life stories, thereby contributing to adaptation to disability and life changes.

     

Figure-object matching: Another frequent nonverbal impairement of aphasics

389 focal brain-damaged patients were examined by means of a nonverbal Figure-Object Matching Test (FOMT) and standardized aphasia battery. An LH lesion proved to be more relevant than an RH lesion to the outcome on FOMT. Both the presence and severity of aphasia play a significant role in the poor out-come on FOMT while type of aphasia, intelligence impairment (WAIS performance IQ) and presence of a visual field defect do not. It is concluded that this type of nonverbal defect of aphasics reflects a basic disorder, linked in some way to language impairment.

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Sommario 389 pazienti cerebrolesi focali non selezionati sono stati esaminati con un test non verbale di Matching Figura-Oggetto (FOMT) e con un esame del linguaggio standardizzato. Una lesione dell'emisfero sinistro si è rivelata più importante di una lesione dell'emisfero destro nella produzione di un deficit at FOMT. La presenza e la gravità dell'afasia hanno entrambe un ruolo importante, mentre il tipo di afasia, la presenza di un deficit intellettivo (WAIS-performance IQ) e di Difetto di Campo Visivo non risultano significativi per una scarsa prestazione al FOMT. Si trae la conclusione che questo tipo di difetto non verbale degli afasici implica un deficit di base collegato al disturbo di linguaggio.

     

Loss of speech after orthotopic liver transplantation

Alteration of speech is a rare but distressing complication of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We describe a characteristic speech disorder identified in a large series of consecutive patients undergoing OLT. Between 1988 and 1993, 525 adults underwent OLT. For all recipients with neurologic complications, we reviewed clinical findings, imaging and electrophysiologic test results, and perioperative laboratory data. Five patients (ages 23–52; UNOS status 3–4) exhibited a characteristic pattern of stuttering dysarthria, leading to complete loss of speech production, occasionally with elements of aphasia. In four of the five patients, right-sided focal seizures were subsequently noted. All cases presented within the first 10 postoperative days and improved within 1 month of cessation of cyclosporin (CyA), although halting, monotonous speech was evident to some degree in all five for up to 1 year. There was no correlation between onset of symptoms and CyA levels. None of the patients had clinical or radiologic findings suggestive of central pontine myelinolysis or akinetic mutism. EEGs and Spect scan results were consistent with dysfunction in the left frontotemporoparietal regions of the brain. A characteristic speech disorder, which may be described as cortical dysarthria or speech apraxia, occurs in approximately 1% of adults undergoing OLT. Prompt recognition of this syndrome and temporary cessation of CyA therapy may favorably affect the course.     

The Landau-Kleffner syndrome: A review

The Landau-Kleffner syndrome or the syndrome of acquired epileptic aphasia was first described in 1957. The disorder is characterised by gradual or rapid loss of language in a previously normal child. All children have abnormal EEG compatible with the diagnosis of epilepsy, however, only 70% have clinical seizures. The present article presents a review of the current knowledge concerning this disorder. Information is provided related to the clinical picture, etiology, pathogenesis, treatment and outcome.

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Zusammenfassung Das Landau-Kleffner-Syndrom oder das Syndrom der erworbenen epileptischen Aphasie wurde erstmals 1957 beschrieben. Die Störung ist charakterisiert durch den allmählichen oder raschen Verlust der Sprache eines zuvor normal entwickelten Kindes. Alle Kinder haben abnorme EEG-Befunde, die mit der Diagnose einer Epilepsie vereinbar sind. Jedoch haben lediglich 70% der Betroffenen klinisch apparente Krampfanfälle. Der vorliegende Artikel faßt den gegenwärtigen Wissensstand zu dieser Störung zusammen. Es werden Informationen zum klinischen Bild, zur Ätiologie, Pathogenese, Behandlung und Verlauf vermittelt.

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Résumé Le syndrome Landau-Kleffner, ou bien le syndrome de l'aphasie épileptique acquise, a été découvert en 1957. Ce dysfonctionnement se charactérise par la perte graduelle ou rapide du langage chez un enfant jusque là normal. Tous les enfants présentent des électro-encéphalogrammes anormaux correspondant à des critères diagnostiques de l'épilepsie, mais 70% d'entre eux seulement ont des attaques cliniques. Cet article présente un survol des connaissances actuelles relatives à ce dysfonctionnement, et se propose de donner des informations quant à son aspect clinique, son étiologie, sa pathogénie, son traitement ainsi que son issue.

     

Aphasia and infarction of the posterior cerebral artery territory

Spoken language disorders are rarely mentioned in superficial infarction of the posterior cerebral (PCA) territory. Two clinical types have been reported: transcortical sensory and amnesic aphasia. Between 1979 and 1990, we studied retrospectively 76 patients suffering from an occipitotemporal infarction located in the superficial territory of the posterior cerebral artery, all well documented by CT. Aphasia was one of the first and prominent signs in 18 cases. Middle cerebral artery concomitant infarction could have been the cause of language impairment in 10. In 8 patients aphasia was only explained by a PCA territory infarct. Three patients showed features of transcortical sensory aphasia. CT localization showed internal lobe and thalamic involvement of the dominant hemisphere. Five patients exhibited word finding impairment with various degrees of amnestic syndrome. The dominant internal temporal lobe was always afffected. Dominant thalamus involvement was found in one case only. Some correlations between clinical features and anatomical support (vascular supply and anatomical structure) might be suggested in our 8 cases of aphasic disorders due to PCA infarcts. They are discussed and compared with data in the literature.     

Aphasia as a rare presentation of monosymptomatic demyelinating disease: case report and review of the literature

We present a case of sudden-onset aphasia due to a single pathological lesion, which at neuroradiological imaging studies was suggestive of glioma, while on biopsy proved be of demyelinating nature. Every cause of demyelinating lesions of the central nervous system was considered in the differential diagnosis, concluding for a primary demyelinating disease. The clinical and radiological differences between multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis are discussed. Although aphasia has already been described in demyelinating diseases, we underline its rarity as onset symptom. Received: 29 November 2001 / Accepted in revised form: 13 March 2002