Genotoxic assessment and toxicity evaluation of peginesatide in CByB6F1 hybrid mice

Peginesatide is a PEGylated, investigational, peptide-based erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) that was designed and engineered to stimulate specifically the erythropoietin receptor dimer that governs erythropoiesis. Clinical use of peginesatide is anticipated to result in chronic dosing in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and the nonclinical data to support development should include an evaluation of carcinogenic potential evaluation. Peginesatide was not mutagenic or clastogenic in a standard genotoxicity battery of tests. Doses for a rasH2 transgenic mouse carcinogenicity assay were defined in a 28-day study in the wild-type littermates of the rasH2 transgenic mouse strain, using intravenous doses of 1–25?mg/kg on days 1 and 22. The findings were consistent with exaggerated pharmacology, including polycythemia, with associated increases in hemoglobin level and extramedullary hematopoiesis and bone marrow hypercellularity.     

Patient Blood Management: Use of Topical Hemostatic and Sealant Agents

Patient blood management is the scientific use of safe, effective medical and surgical techniques designed to conserve blood, prevent anemia, decrease bleeding, and optimize coagulation in an effort to improve patient outcomes. Perioperative and primary care nurses play a vital role in promoting and making the best use of patient blood management and can play a key role in implementing effective strategies that decrease or eliminate patient exposure to allogeneic blood. The fast and effective minimization of intraoperative bleeding is integral in an effective blood management program. Topical hemostatic and sealant agents can be used to improve blood conservation, reduce overall procedure time, and contribute to faster patient recovery based on specific clinical situations. The proper selection of hemostatic agents can greatly influence the patient’s clinical outcomes.     

The Influence of Beta-Blocking Agents on Plasma Volume and Extracellular Volume in Ischaemic Heart Disease

Plasma volume and extracellular volume (sodium space) were found to be unchanged during treatment with propranolol (nine patients) and practolol (four patients) for well-compensated ischaemic heart disease. The volumes were determined before treatment and 2 days and 3 months after optimal dose for each patient was reached.     

Efflux of Prostaglandins in Right Lymphatic Duct Lymph Following Induced Intravascular Coagulation and Inhibited Fibrinolysis in the Dog

Intravascular coagulation and inhibited fibrinolysis were induced in 10 dogs by infusion of thrombin and tranexamic acid (AMCA). Lymph fluid from the right lymphatic duct, draining the main parts of the lungs, was examined for the presence of smooth-muscle-stimulating activity. The treatment was followed by increased lymph flow due to interstitial pulmonary oedema and efflux of smooth-muscle-stimulating material. The presence of prostaglandin E₁ and E₂ (PGE₁ and E₂) and prostaglandin F-compounds as well as ‘slow reacting substance’ (SRS) in the lymph fluid was demonstrated by bioassay in combination with chromatography. Histamine was not detected in the lymph fluid.     

γ-去氢骆驼蓬碱等咔啉类生物碱的辐射防护作用

γ- Harmine(Ⅰ),’harmine(Ⅱ )and harmaline(Ⅲ )were isolated from PeganumHarmala L.( Zygophylaceae).Tests were conducted with mice to detect whether γ- harmine( a newcompound), harmine,harmof(Ⅳ)and harmalol(Ⅴ) are effective radioprotective compounds againstγ-ray irradiation, Intraperitoneal injection of the hydrochlorides of the four alkaloids 50～80mg·kg^-1×1 in NIH male mice 30～45 minutes before 8.6～9. 7 Gy whole body ⁶⁰Co irradiationsignificantly increased the survival effects(1. 33～2. 61)and 30-day survivai rate in comparison withcontrol mice.The results indicatethat γ- harmine exhibited relatively good radioprotective effect.γ-harmine is the first alkaloid isolated from a plant having ptotective effects against whole-body lethal irradiation in mice.     

生殖器疱疹的诊断和处理

生殖器单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)感染是不可治愈的复发性、终生性疾病,可表现为生殖器疱疹或无症状性病毒排出.生殖器疱疹是生殖器溃疡的主要病因,已成为重要的公共卫生问题.由于临床诊断的不敏感和非特异性,通常需要病毒学或血清学检查确诊.HSV感染患者口服抗病毒药物治疗安全有效,可用于疾病发作时的治疗及预防复发.     

5-氟尿嘧啶对大鼠急性胰腺炎炎症相关细胞因子的调节作用

目的　观察 5 -氟尿嘧啶 (5 FU )对急性胰腺炎 (AP )时的致炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子的调节作用 ,探讨 5 FU治疗AP的作用机理。方法　将健康雄性SD大鼠随机分成假手术组 (n =6)和AP模型组 (n =2 4)及 5 FU治疗组 (n =2 4)。其中 ,AP模型组和 5 FU治疗组分别再分为成模后或治疗后 2 ,6和 2 4h 3个观察亚组。分别抽取假手术组、AP组各亚组和 5 FU组各亚组大鼠静脉血 ,检测TNF α ,IL 1,IL 6,IL 10和TGF β的水平。检测假手术组、AP组 2 4h亚组和 5 FU组2 4h亚组大鼠血淀粉酶和白细胞。抽血后处死各组大鼠 ,称胰腺湿重。结果　AP组大鼠血中致炎细胞因子 (TNF α ,IL 1,IL 6)和抗炎细胞因子 (IL 10 ,TGF β)均显著增高 ;5 FU治疗后 ,所有检测细胞因子均下降 ,其中TNF α ,IL 1,IL 6在 2 ,6h亚组下降明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,IL 10和TGF β在治疗后 6,2 4h亚组下降明显 (P <0 .0 5 )。假手术组 ,AP组 2 4h亚组和 5 FU组 2 4h亚组大鼠胰腺湿重分别为 (0 .5 3± 0 .0 9) g ,(1.5 3± 0 .13 ) g和 (0 .88± 0 .13 )g ;血淀粉酶分别为 (3 74.2± 92 .84)U /L ,(1817.2 5± 45 9.3 5 )U /L和 (797.4± 2 2 5 .9)U /L。 5 FU治疗后 ,胰腺湿重和血淀粉酶均较AP组明显下降 (均P <0 .0 5 )。结论　 5 FU可同时抑