玻璃体切割术后（水眼）继发青光眼的手术治疗策略

目的　评估玻璃体切割术后（水眼）继发青光眼患者的手术治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析我院２０１３年１０月至２０１４年４月收治的玻璃体切割术后（水眼）继发青光眼患者２６例２６眼的临床资料,对所有患者进行复合式小梁切除术,术中采用预置缝线,术后随访１２个月,观察视力、眼压及并发症情况。结果　末次随访时,视力、眼压均较术前改善,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）;２０眼获得了满意效果,６眼术后眼压回升,加用降眼压药物后４眼控制在正常范围,２眼眼压失控,再次行睫状体二极管光凝术,术后眼压正常。结论　复合式小梁切除术,术中采用预置缝线,对玻璃体切割术后（水眼）继发青光眼患者是一种安全有效的手术方式,可以在很大程度上减少术中暴发性脉络膜出血及术后脉络膜脱离的发生几率。     

Biomechanical profile of the cornea in primary congenital glaucoma

Purpose: The aim of our study was to investigate the biomechanical properties of the cornea in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and to identify the potential ocular determinants, which affect the corneal biomechanical metrics. Methods: Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured in 26 patients with PCG (40 eyes) with the aid of ocular response analyser. In vivo laser‐scanning confocal microscopy was used for the estimation of stromal keratocyte density (KD) and the evaluation of corneal endothelium. Twenty normal subjects (40 eyes) served as controls. Student’s t‐test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. p Values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Corneal hysteresis, CRF and CCT were significantly reduced in patients with PCG (all p < 0.05). Corneal hysteresis and CRF negatively correlated with the corneal diameter in both groups (r₁ = ?0.53, r₂ = ?0.66, p < 0.001 for CH and r₁ = ?0.61, r₂ = ?0.69, p < 0.001 for CRF). Moreover, we identified a significant correlation between CH and CRF with CCT in both groups (r₁ = 0.51, r₂ = 0.48, p < 0.001 for CH and r₁ = 0.45, r₂ = 0.44, p < 0.001 for CRF). Mean KD was significantly reduced both in the anterior and posterior corneal stroma in patients with PCG (764 ± 162 and 362 ± 112 cells/mm², respectively) compared with controls (979 ± 208 and 581 ± 131 cells/mm², respectively) (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the keratocyte density in anterior and/or posterior stroma and CH or CRF in any group (r₁ = 0.29, r₂ = 0.31, p < 0.06). Mean endothelial cell density was also significantly reduced in PCG group (2920 ± 443 cells/mm²) compared with control group (3421 ± 360 cells/mm²) (p < 0.001). Pleomorphism and polymegalism were significantly increased in corneal endothelium of patients with PCG. Conclusions: Our results showed a significant reduction in CH and CRF in PCG. Both CH and CRF were negatively correlated with corneal diameter. A significant correlation of CH and CRF with CCT was identified in both groups. Keratocyte density was decreased in PCG, but did not have a significant impact on CH and CRF. Mean endothelial density was also decreased in PCG. Our results suggest that reduced CCT and increased corneal diameter are major ocular determinants for the modified corneal biomechanical profile in PCG, while cellular alterations in corneal stroma and endothelium have no significant biomechanical impact.     

合并高度近视的原发性开角型青光眼视野分析

目的探讨合并高度近视的原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）视野改变特点及其与视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）缺损的关系。设计回顾性病例对照研究。研究对象合并高度近视的POAG组17例（21眼）、非高度近视的POAG组16例（17眼）、单纯高度近视非POAG组20例（25眼）以及正常组17例（19眼）。方法用Humphrey50型视野计进行静态中心阈值视野检查，利用相干光断层扫描术（OCT）进行视盘周围RNFL厚度检查。主要指标上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧象限视野的平均光敏感度，MD值、PSD值；各象限RNFL厚度。结果合并高度近视的早期POAG患者总偏差概率图多表现为普遍敏感性降低，而模式偏差概率图则更多表现出POAG早期视野缺损；其平均缺损值显著高于其它各组。合并高度近视的POAG患者平均光敏感度、MD、PSD值均与其他三组有统计学意义差异（P〈0．05）；单纯高度近视组与非高度近视POAG组的PSD值及上、下象限平均光敏感度的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而鼻、颞象限平均光敏感度的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。合并高度近视的POAG组较非高度近视POAG组以及单纯高度近视组RNFL厚度明显变薄；此三组较正常组RNFL厚度变薄；单纯高度近视组与非高度近视的POAG组的平均RNFL厚度及上、下象限RNFL厚度的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而鼻、颞象限RNFL厚度的差异则无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；各组四个象限RNFL厚度与视野对应部位的缺损相关。结论在进行合并高度近视的POAG视野结果判定时要依靠模式偏差概率图。OCT显示的RNFL厚度与视野对应部位的缺损相关。（眼科，2007，16：24．28）     

闭角性青光眼小梁细胞凋亡探讨

目的:研究闭角性青光眼小梁细胞凋亡发生率与眼压升高的关系。方法:取小梁组织染色固定,行电镜观察。结果:眼压<5.48kPa时,小梁细胞的形态正常,眼压>5.48kPa时出现变性的小梁细胞。结论:闭角性青光眼小梁细胞凋亡明显增加,与眼压升高成正相关。     

Soluble guanylate cyclase

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a heterodimeric haemoprotein, which represents the intracellular receptor for the ubiquitous biological messenger nitric oxide (NO). Activation of the enzyme facilitates conversion of GTP to the intracellular second messenger cGMP, and it is this molecule which mediates the majority of biological actions attributed to NO. sGC is expressed in virtually all mammalian cells and is important in mediating numerous physiological processes, including vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle relaxation, peripheral and central neurotransmission, platelet reactivity and phototransduction. Due to its ubiquitous nature, the pathogenesis of various disease states has been linked to aberrations in sGC signalling. This is especially true of the cardiovascular system, where inappropriate activation of sGC may underlie conditions such as stroke, atherosclerosis, impotence and septic shock; however, altered sGC activation has also been associated with the pathogenesis of asthma and certain neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, agents that can modulate sGC function selectively will have considerable therapeutic potential, particularly in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.     

Role of pilocarpine use following laser peripheral iridotomy in eyes with refractory acute angle closure glaucoma: A case report and literature review

Rationale:Angle closure glaucoma (ACG) is one of the most emergent types of glaucoma in clinical practice. Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) could minimize pupillary block and prevent ACG from an acute attack. However, recurrent increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) may still occur despite successful LPI. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of postLPI pilocarpine use and larger LPI size as well as to share some experiences of cataract surgery in patients with ACG.Patient concerns:A 63-year-old female was referred to our hospital for headache, and poor control of IOP in the right eye for 3 hours.Diagnoses:The patient was diagnosed ACG in the right eye. Recurrence of ACG in the right eye and new-onset and recurrent ACG in the left eye were noted during follow-up, despite successful LPI. The diagnosis was confirmed through slit lamp and gonioscope examination.Interventions:The LPI size was enlarged and pilocarpine use was maintained at 2% (1 drop 4 times a day) in both the eyes. Finally, cataract surgery was performed in both the eyes.Outcomes:No recurrence of ACG was noted during postLPI pilocarpine use in both the eyes. The postoperative IOP was stable for >6 months after cataract surgery without any surgical intervention or antiglaucoma medication use. No discomfort or major complication was observed.Conclusion:This report highlights the importance of postLPI pilocarpine use and larger LPI size in patients with refractory ACG.     

Intraoperative malignant glaucoma during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery: A case report

Rationale:Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) has grown in popularity among ophthalmologists as a novel surgical technique. However, malignant glaucoma (MG) is a complication of FLACS. Herein, we report a case of MG following FLACS.Patient concerns:A 66-year-old woman presented with complaints of blurred vision in the right eye and a foreign body sensation in both eyes. Ophthalmological examinations showed that the corrected distance visual acuity was 20/50 and 20/25 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Without any topical anti-glaucoma medication, the intraocular pressure (IOP) was 20 mmHg in the right eye and 17 mmHg in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination of the right eye revealed a transparent cornea with a defect in the punctate overlying epithelium; the central anterior chamber depth was shallow the peripheral iris laser shot was visible, the pupil was normal, and the lens was mainly cortical opacified.Diagnoses:Based on the patient''s symptoms, examination results, and preliminary diagnoses, age-related cataract in the right eye, binocular post-antiglaucoma surgery, pseudophakicin in the left eye, and Sjogren syndrome were included.Interventions:FLACS was performed to facilitate anterior capsulotomy and segmentation of the nucleus in the right eye. MG occurred after the femtosecond procedure, and with the treatment of medicines combined with phacoemulsification, IOP was eventually normal without further antiglaucoma therapy.Outcomes:IOP was 16 mmHg on postoperative day 1. Ocular ultrasonography revealed no choroid detachment or hemorrhage in the right eye. Two weeks postoperatively, uncorrected visual acuity was 20/25, and IOP remained normal with no further antiglaucoma treatment on 1 month postoperatively.Conclusions:We describe the occurrence of MG after FLACS and illustrate that miosis and bubble formation after FLACS may be risk factors for MG during FLACS.     

葡萄膜炎继发青光眼并发白内障的手术治疗

目的 探讨手术治疗葡萄膜炎继发青光眼并发白内障的效果。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2009年1月住院治疗的28例（32眼）葡萄膜炎继发青光眼并发白内障患者的临床资料,比较术前、术后视力及眼压。结果 术后1周及12个月矫正视力提高30眼（93.75%）。25眼（78.13%）术后1周眼压控制在正常范围,7眼（29.91%）需加以抗青光眼药物治疗。2眼（6.25%）术后1个月眼压仍高,再次手术,术后眼压控制在正常范围。术后1周及术后12个月视力、眼压与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 对葡萄膜炎继发青光眼并发白内障患者行超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶体植入术同时联合抗青光眼手术（包括小梁切除术和虹膜周边切除术）可有效降低眼压,提高视力。     

小梁切除术分别联合Ologen植入与丝裂霉素C治疗青光眼的有效性和安全性对比分析

目的　对比分析小梁切除术分别联合Ｏｌｏｇｅｎ植入与丝裂霉素Ｃ（ｍｉｔｏｍｙｃｉｎＣ,ＭＭＣ）治疗青光眼的有效性和安全性。方法　利用计算机检索Ｍｅｄｌｉｎｅ、ＥＭＢＡＳＥ、ＷｅｂｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ、ＣｏｃｈｒａｎｅＣｅｎｔｒａｌｏｆＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄＴｒｉａｌｓ、ＧｏｏｇｌｅＳｃｈｏｌａｒ等数据库,检索时间均从建库至２０１４年１月,并追溯纳入文献的参考文献。将获得的临床对照研究,通过纳入和排除标准限定,经质量评价后,采用ＲｅｖＭａｎ５．０软件进行Ｍｅｔａ分析。结果　纳入６篇临床对照研究（小梁切除术联合Ｏｌｏｇｅｎ植入组１１４例,小梁切除术联合ＭＭＣ组１２３例）,质量评分均大于１６分,为高质量文献。Ｍｅｔａ分析结果显示,Ｏｌｏｇｅｎ植入组术后患者眼压减低,但眼压降低百分率与ＭＭＣ治疗组相比无明显差异。两组在青光眼药物种数治疗减少、手术成功率及术后并发症发生率等方面亦无明显差异。结论　小梁切除术联合Ｏｌｏｇｅｎ植入治疗青光眼在长期眼压控制成功率方面与小梁切除术联合ＭＭＣ治疗效果相当,在避免ＭＭＣ治疗引发的术后并发症方面无明显优势。     

Effectiveness of surgical management of malignant glaucoma in phakic eyes

AIM:To assess the effectiveness of core vitrectomyphacoemulsification-intraocular lens(IOL)implantationcapsulo-hyaloidotomy in treating phakic eye at least 1 mo after the onset of malignant glaucoma.METHODS:A retrospective analysis were performed on malignant glaucoma patients treated in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between 2016 and 2018.Demographic and clinical data were described.The preoperative and postoperative visual acuity(VA),intraocular pressure(IOP),number of IOP-lowering medications used,and anterior chamber depth(ACD)of the case series were compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank test.RESULTS:Thirteen phakic eyes with long time intervals between onset and surgery were identified in this case series.Core vitrectomy-phacoemulsification-IOL implantation-capsulohyaloidotomy reduced the IOP(P=0.046)and the number of IOP-lowering medications used(P=0.004),deepened the ACD(P=0.005).Complete success was achieved in 38.5%of the eyes,and anatomical success was achieved in 100%of the eyes without any recurrence.The only postoperative complication observed is corneal endothelial decompensation.It occurred in two cases.CONCLUSION:Core vitrectomy-phacoemulsification-IOL implantation-capsulo-hyaloidotomy is safe and effective for treatment of long onset phakic malignant glaucoma.