乌灵胶囊与阿普唑仑治疗2型糖尿病伴失眠症临床分析

目的观察乌灵胶囊与阿普唑仑治疗2型糖尿病伴失眠症患者临床疗效。方法纳入2型糖尿病伴失眠症患者80例,分为研究组(口服乌灵胶囊)与对照组(口服阿普唑仑),每组各40例。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)对服药前后患者睡眠情况进行评分。观察2组总有效率、不良反应率,观察服药期间患者空腹血糖(FBG)以及糖化血清白蛋白(Glycated albumin,GA)水平。结果研究组、对照组有效率分别为82.5%、80.0%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后研究组睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠效率、催眠药物以及日间功能评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组FBG以及GA水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组不良反应率12.5%,对照组为55.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论乌灵胶囊治疗2型糖尿病伴失眠症能够明显改善患者睡眠,一定程度上改善血糖水平,值得推广。     

天麻素注射液联合阿普唑仑治疗神经衰弱对患者抑郁评分的影响

目的：探讨天麻素注射液联合阿普唑仑对神经衰弱患者抑郁评分的影响。方法该研究选取2011年4月—2014年5月收治的177例神经衰弱患者为研究对象,根据其意愿分成A、B两组。B组予以口服阿普唑仑方案,A组则采用天麻素注射液联合阿普唑仑方案完成治疗。比对两组患者不良反应发生情况,记录其用药前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表及深睡眠质量评估表评分差异。结果①用药后,A、B两组焦虑、抑郁评分及睡眠质量评分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),其中A组降幅大于B组(P<0.05);②A组用药后无震颤、尿潴留、黄疸及幻觉等症状发生,不良反应发生率为7.5%,明显低于B组的34.3%(P<0.05)。结论对神经衰弱患者给予静脉注射天麻素注射液联合口服阿普唑仑方案,疗效确切,可有效缓解其不良情绪,利于改善睡眠质量,值得临床推广。     

曲唑酮与阿普唑仑治疗首发脑卒中后急性失眠的临床效果比较

【目的】比较曲唑酮与阿普唑仑治疗首发脑卒中后急性失眠的临床效果。【方法】选择本院首发脑卒中后急性失眠患者173例,随机分为观察组90例和对照组83例;观察组应用曲唑酮片25～100mg／d,对照组应用阿普唑仑片0．4～0．8mg／d;分别记录两组在治疗前及治疗4周后阿森斯失眠量表（AIS）评分。【结果】治疗4周后AIS评分观察组（5．77±3．67）分较治疗前（16．78±3．32）分明显减少（P＜0．05）;且明显低于对照组治疗后（10．46±3．23）分（P＜0．05）;观察组治疗后总有效率为94．44％,明显高于对照组（81．93％）（χ2＝6．62,P＜0．05）。【结论】曲唑酮对首发脑卒中后急性失眠的治疗效果优于阿普唑仑。     

乌灵胶囊治疗心肾不交型失眠的临床疗效观察

目的：观察乌灵胶囊治疗心肾不交型失眠的临床疗效。方法：采取随机分组对照试验方法,观察乌灵胶囊治疗心肾不交型失眠（31例）病人的临床疗效,并与阿普唑仑片对照组（31例）比较疗效,疗程4周。结果：治疗组有效率为93.55%,对照组有效率为61.29%;治疗组疗效显著优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：乌灵胶囊治疗心肾不交型失眠临床疗效肯定。     

Validating a human model for anxiety using startle potentiated by cue and context: the effects of alprazolam,pregabalin, and diphenhydramine

Background  Fear-potentiated startle has been suggested as a translational model for evaluating efficacy of anxiolytic compounds in humans. Several known anxiolytic compounds have been tested as well as several putative anxiolytics. Because results of these studies have been equivocal, the aim of the present study was to examine another pharmacological permutation of the human potentiated startle model by comparing two anxiolytic agents to a non-anxiolytic sedative and placebo. Methods  Twenty healthy volunteers participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study with four sessions in which they received single doses of the anxiolytics alprazolam (1 mg) and pregabalin (200 mg), as well as diphenhydramine (50 mg) as a non-anxiolytic sedative control and placebo. The design included a cued shock condition that presumably evokes fear and an unpredictable shock context condition presumably evoking anxiety. Results  None of the treatments reliably reduced either fear- or anxiety-potentiated startle. Alprazolam and diphenhydramine reduced overall baseline startle. Alprazolam was found to only affect contextual anxiety in a statistical significant way after two subjects who failed to show a contextual anxiety effect in the placebo condition were excluded from the analysis. Pregabalin did not significantly affect any of the physiological measures. Discussion  The negative findings from this study are discussed in terms of methodological differences between designs and in variability of startle both between and within study participants. Conclusion  Even though fear-potentiated startle may be used to translate preclinical evidence to human populations, methodological issues still hamper the application of this model to early screening of putative anxiolytic drugs.     

The Effect of Alprazolam on Acoustic Stapedius Reflex Thresholds in Healthy Volunteers

Alprazolam, a widely used drug, has widespread, nonspecific depressant effects on the central nervous system, similar to other benzodiazepines. This inhibitor effect may cause changes in reflex thresholds by affecting the acoustic stapedial reflex (ASR) arc. This study was performed on 31 healthy volunteers. Initially, the basal ASR thresholds were measured and measured again 2 h after oral intake of 1 mg of alprazolam; by measuring the reflex thresholds once again the mean values of thresholds before and after the drug were compared. Only the left ipsilateral and contralateral 2,000 Hz increases were significantly different. The left ipsilateral and contralateral 500, 1000, and 4000 Hz, and the right ipsilateral and contralateral 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz measurements showed no differences. Although an increase in ART thresholds was generally observed after the intake of alprazolam, it was not significant. Its use in healthy adults does not statistically produce an additional risk of acoustic trauma at most of the frequencies, but its use with the agents potentiating the effect of alprazolam may increase this risk.     

Increased sensitivity to alprazolam in females with a paternal history of alcoholism

RATIONALE: Few studies have directly examined the effects of benzodiazepines in individuals with a family history of alcoholism, particularly women, to determine whether they are differentially sensitive to their effects. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether females with a confirmed paternal history of alcoholism (FHP; n=14) were differentially sensitive to the mood and performance effects of alprazolam and buspirone compared with females without a first-degree family history of alcoholism (FHN; n=14). METHODS: The acute effects of placebo, alprazolam (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 mg), and buspirone (5, 10, 15 mg) were evaluated using a double-blind, placebo-controlled outpatient design. Drug effects were assessed using performance tasks, observer ratings of drug effect, and subjective ratings of mood, drug strength, and drug liking. RESULTS: Alprazolam impaired performance in a dose-related manner on all performance tasks for both groups of females, whereas buspirone had minimal effects on performance. The highest dose of alprazolam impaired the response to the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), digit recall, and word memory more in FHP females than in FHN females. Further, performance on the DSST and immediate word recall was able to accurately predict family history status. Correspondingly, FHP women reported greater increases in "difficulty concentrating" and "unmotivated" and greater decreases in items such as positive mood following alprazolam than FHN women. In contrast, alprazolam produced similar dose-related increases in subject-rated and observer-rated drug strength ratings in both groups of females. Lastly, there was no evidence of an increase in ratings of drug liking in either group following alprazolam. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to many previous findings with FHP males, these results suggest that FHP females may be more sensitive to the performance-impairing effects and negative subjective effects of alprazolam.     

探讨四磨汤联合小剂量阿普唑仑治疗便秘型肠易激综合征应用价值

目的：探讨四磨汤联合小剂量阿普唑仑治疗便秘型肠易激综合征的临床疗效。方法选取90例便秘型肠易激综合征患者,按照前来就诊的序号将90例便秘型肠易激综合征患者随机分为两组,单号为研究组（45例）,双号为对照组（45例）。对照组给予临床常规西医药物治疗;研究组在常规西医治疗基础上加用四磨汤,记录两组患者持续治疗2个月后所得临床疗效及相关不良反应发生情况,经分析后得出结论。结果研究组临床治疗总有效率（93.33%）显著高于对照组（73.33%）,差异有统计学意义（ P <0.05）;研究组不良反应发生率为17.78%,对照组不良反应发生率为13.33%,差异未见统计学意义（ P>0.05）。结论便秘型肠易激综合征患者经四磨汤联合小剂量阿普唑仑联合治疗后可获得满意疗效及安全性,有利于保障患者生活质量。     

阿普唑仑和氟西汀治疗顽固性肠易激综合征疗效观察

目的:观察阿普唑仑和氟西汀治疗肠易激综合征(IBS)的疗效。方法:在常规疗法基础上,分别联用阿普唑仑和氟西汀治疗顽固性肠易激综合征(IBS) 12 6例8周,并与单用常规疗法对照,评测其治疗前后肠易激综合征问卷、生活质量问卷和综合医院焦虑抑郁量表积分变化。结果:治疗后3组患者IBS症状(F=96 .0 5 5 )、肠外症状(F=2 7.4 76 )、生活质量(F=2 6 .813)、焦虑(F=10 .813)和抑郁(F=34.133)状况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0 .0 0 1)。阿普唑仑组和氟西汀组之间IBS症状(t=0 .349,P=0 .72 8)、肠外症状(t=0 .5 0 7,P=0 .6 14 )和生活质量(t=0 .16 2 ,P=0 .872 )积分差异无统计学意义。阿普唑仑控制焦虑症状优于氟西汀,但差异未达显著性(t=1.6 6 0 ,P=0 .10 1) ;控制抑郁症状方面阿普唑仑则不及氟西汀(t=6 .5 88,P<0 .0 0 1) ,但仍优于常规疗法(t=2 .5 2 8,P=0 .0 14 )。结论:阿普唑仑和氟西汀能够改善IBS的腹部症状和提高生活质量,疗效与精神症状改善不平行。