A new approach to postoperative peritoneal adhesions: Prevention of peritoneal trauma by aloe vera gel

Objective

Covering peritoneal surfaces with aloe vera gel may prevent peritoneal trauma and hence postoperative peritoneal adhesions.

Study design

Forty Wistar albino out-bred female rats (mean weight, 180 ± 25 g; mean age, 6 months) were divided into four groups. In Group 1, 0.1 mL aloe vera gel was injected into the peritoneal cavities. In Group 2, peritoneal adhesions were induced. In Group 3, adhesions were induced and the modeled area was covered by 0.1 mL aloe vera gel. In Group 4, the area was covered with aloe vera gel prior to adhesion induction. The rats were sacrificed on postoperative day 10 and the adhesions were scored both microscopically and macroscopically.

Results

The mean macroscopic adhesion score in the four groups was 0, 5.8 ± 0.42, 5.2 ± 0.79, and 1.1 ± 1.2 respectively, with the difference between Group 4 and Groups 2 (p < 0.001) and 3 (p < 0.05) statistically significant. The mean histopathological fibrosis values were significantly higher in Group 3 than in Group 4 (2.6 ± 0.51 vs 1.2 ± 0.91, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Aloe vera gel can effectively decrease adhesion formation if applied before, but not after, after peritoneal trauma. This effect is likely due not to its chemical properties but to its viscosity, providing a covering to prevent peritoneal trauma.     

芦荟凝胶原汁体系的防腐

研究了6种防腐剂对芦荟凝胶原汁的抑菌效果,其由强至弱的顺序为尼泊金丙酯、尼泊金乙酯、尼泊金甲酯、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾、丙酸钙.防腐剂功效测试和最低抑菌浓度的实验结果均表明,对于芦荟体系实际应用而言,苯甲酸钠的防腐抑菌能力最佳,山梨酸钾次之,丙酸钙最差.苯甲酸钠的有效抑菌浓度为0.08%;山梨酸钾的有效抑菌浓度为0.10%;丙酸钙虽有一定的抑菌作用,但是,当整个体系中细菌总数较高时,就不能有效抑制细菌繁殖.防腐剂的抑菌效果取决于防腐剂的浓度和体系被微生物污染的程度.     

Inhibition of Azoxymethane-induced DNA Adduct Formation by Aloe arborescens var. natalensis

To clarify the possible mechanisms of inhibition of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in ‍the rat colorectum by freeze-dried whole leaves of Aloe arborescens var. natalensis (Kidachi aloe) (hereinafter referred ‍to as ALOE) and commercial crude aloin (Sigma A-0451; from Curacao aloe) (hereinafter ALOIN), we studied the ‍effects of ALOE and ALOIN on the formation of AOM-induced DNA adducts (O6-methylguanine; O6-MeG) in rats. ‍Male F344 rats (4 weeks old) were fed a basal diet, or experimental diets containing 5%ALOE or 0.25%ALOIN for ‍5 weeks. All rats were injected s.c. twice with 15 mg/kg AOM, once at the end of week 1, and once at the end of week ‍2. The animals were sacrificed 6 hours after the second injection to analyze DNA adducts (O6-MeG) in the colorectum. ‍Dietary administration of ALOE significantly inhibited the O6-MeG levels (50% reduction) compared with controls, ‍whereas the O6-MeG levels in the ALOIN-fed rats showed a tendency to decrease (by 30%), although not significantly. ‍In this study, we also measured the enzyme activity and mRNA level of cytochrome (CYP) 2E1, known to be responsible ‍for the activation of AOM, in rat liver. ALOE-fed rats showed significantly reduced CYP2E1 enzymatic activity ‍(27% reduction) compared with controls. On the other hand, the activity in ALOIN-fed rats tended to decrease by ‍11%, although not significantly. The CYP2E1 mRNA levels in ALOE- and ALOIN-fed rats were slightly reduced ‍(9.7% and 5.2%, respectively). These results may explain, at least in part, the previously observed inhibitory effects ‍of ALOE and ALOIN, especially ALOE on AOM-induced ACF formation in the rat colorectum.     

正交试验优选库拉索芦荟多糖的醇沉工艺

目的： 优选库拉索芦荟多糖的醇沉工艺。方法： 以多糖得率为指标,选取浓缩程度、醇沉浓度、醇沉时间为考察因素,通过正交试验优选库拉索芦荟多糖的醇沉工艺。采用硫酸-苯酚法测定芦荟多糖含量。结果： 最佳醇沉工艺条件为新鲜库拉索芦荟多糖提取液浓缩比例1:2,醇沉体积分数70%,醇沉时间6 h;芦荟多糖平均得率达0.076%,平均纯度57.37%。结论： 该优选的工艺条件科学合理,可用于库拉索芦荟多糖的工业化生产。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定芦荟中芦荟苷及芦荟大黄素

目的：建立以高效液相色谱法测定芦荟鲜汁及复方芦荟胶囊中的芦荟大黄素的方法。方法：A法以甲醇-水（45：55）为流动相，于354nm波长处以外标法直接测定样品中芦荟；B法先将样品加三氯化铁和盐酸水浴加热回流使芦荟苷水解为芦荟大黄素后在287nm波长处，以甲醇-水（70：30）为流动相，以外标法测定。结果：芦荟苷及芦荟大黄素线性范围均为0.04-0.4цg。在此范围内浓度与峰面积线性关系良好（r=0.9999）。芦荟苷的平均回收率为102.1%（复方芦荟胶囊），RSD为1.37%；芦荟大黄素平均回收率为102.5%（复方芦荟胶囊），RSD为3.6%。结论：该两种方法均比较灵敏、准确，而A法直接测定芦荟苷更为简便、快捷。     

Effect of Plant Extracts Formulated in Different Ointment Bases on MDR Strains

Extracts of Aloe vera whole plant, Eucalyptus globulus leaves, Ficus infectoria bark, Ficus religiosa bark and Piper betel leaves were studied for antibacterial activity on resistant and sensitive strains, isolated from skin and soft tissue infections. A combination of hot alcoholic extracts of Ficus infectoria, Ficus religiosa and Piper betel were found to be more effective against all the isolates. The combined extract was formulated in different ointment bases such as polyethylene glycol, gelatin, sodium alginate, carbopol, cream base and honey. These were then evaluated to find a suitable base for preparation of an ointment. In vitro study of the release of antimicrobials and kill-time studies of the herbal ointments was carried out against multi-drug resistant isolate of Pseudomonas. The ointment showed bactericidal activity within 2 h against the resistant strain of Pseudomonas spp.     

芦荟抗菌作用与蒽醌化合物的关系

目的 :分析芦荟抗菌作用与蒽醌化合物含量的关系 ,比较芦荟大黄素和芦荟苷的抗菌作用 ,探讨糖基取代结构对芦荟苷抗菌活性的影响。方法 :利用琼脂扩散法分析皂质芦荟叶皮提取物、芦荟大黄素和芦荟苷对 3种革兰氏阴性菌、2种革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌活性 ,利用扫描电镜技术分析了芦荟苷对大肠杆菌的作用。结果 :芦荟的抗菌作用与蒽醌化合物的含量呈正相关性。芦荟苷 (1g·L^-1)具有较强的抗菌活性 [抑菌直径大于 (7.1±0.15)mm] ,对革兰氏阳性菌的抗性高于革兰氏阴性菌。芦荟大黄素的抗菌活性较弱。芦荟苷能够改变细胞的形态 ,破坏细胞结构。结论 :蒽醌化合物是芦荟中的抗菌成分 ,芦荟苷是主要抗菌有效成分之一 ,葡萄糖基取代结构增强了其侵入细胞外被和杀菌的能力。     

药用库拉索芦荟活性多糖的护肤特性研究

目的研究库拉索芦荟多糖的保湿特性、经皮吸收特性以及皮肤安全性。方法采用超声辅助提取芦荟活性多糖,并通过人体皮肤水分含量和水分散失量测试法对所制备的芦荟活性多糖的保湿特性（包括锁水、保水两个方面）进行评价;Franz扩散池体外透皮吸收法评价其透皮吸收特性;人体斑贴试验评价其皮肤安全性。结果与空白对照组比较,库拉索芦荟多糖可显著提高皮肤水合状态（P〈0.05）,同时降低经皮失水（P〈0.05）;多糖质量浓度为5%时,皮肤渗透速率达到0.2510mg/（h·cm2）,24h累计渗透量达（4.1519±0.0462）mg/cm2;人体皮肤斑贴试验中全部评定为0级反应。结论库拉索芦荟活性多糖对皮肤具有显著的保湿功效以及较强的皮肤渗透力,并且高度安全,可作为优良的保湿添加剂在化妆品等肤用产品中广泛应用。     

高效液相色谱法测定好望角芦荟中芦荟苷的含量

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定好望角芦荟中芦荟苷的含量。方法：流动相为乙腈-水（25：75），检测波长355nm，样品提取过滤后进行分析。结果：线性范围为0．4008～4．008μg·μL^-1，相关系数为r=0．9997，精密度为0．7％，加样回收率为99．7％。好望角芦荟中芦荟苷的含量为20．1％。结论：该法简便、灵敏，结果可靠准确，适用于芦荟中芦荟苷的含量测定。     

闽产木立芦荟多糖的分离纯化及初步分析

目的 分离纯化及初步分析产木立芦荟中的多糖。方法 芦荟经沸水提取,醇沉,Sevage法去除蛋白质,Sephadex G-200柱色谱分离纯化,制得闽产木立芦荟多糖,以硫酸－苯酚法测定其总糖含量。结果 闽产木立芦荟多糖经紫外吸收光谱扫描具有多糖特征吸收峰,未见核酸和蛋白质吸收峰,多糖含量可达89．7％,初步分析由D－甘露糖和D－葡萄糖等单糖组成。结论 从闽产木立芦荟中可提取分离纯度较高的杂多糖。