Effects of allicin supplementation on plasma markers of exercise-induced muscle damage, IL-6 and antioxidant capacity

To investigate the effects of allicin supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and antioxidative capacity, a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted in well-trained athletes. Subjects were randomly assigned to an allicin supplementation group (AS group) and a control group, and received either allicin or placebo for 14 days before and 2 days after a downhill treadmill run. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), muscle-specific creatine kinase (CK-MM), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), IL-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), and perceived muscle soreness were measured pre and post exercise. AS group had significantly lower plasma levels of CK, CK-MM and IL-6, and reduced perceived muscle soreness after exercise, when compared with the control group. AS group also demonstrated a trend toward reducing plasma concentration of LDH after exercise (P = 0.08), although not statistically significant. Allicin supplementation induced a higher value of TAC at rest, and this higher value was maintained 48 h after exercise, however, there was no difference in SOD values after exercise between the two groups. The results suggested that allicin might be a potential agent to reduce EIMD. Further studies concerning anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of allicin on EIMD are needed.     

The antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of allicin against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus – A therapeutic potential for denture stomatitis

The objective of this study is to determine the therapeutic efficacy of allicin against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the common etiological agents for denture stomatitis (DS). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFCs) of allicin were determined by the broth microdilution method followed by checkerboard microdilution method for a synergistic interaction between allicin + nystatin and allicin + CHX. The potential of allicin to eradicate C. albicans and S. aureus biofilms was assessed by treating biofilm formed on self- polymerized acrylic resin with allicin at a sub-MIC concentration for 5 min. The commercial denture cleanser (brand X) was used as a positive control. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test was applied (SPSS 20.0), and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Allicin exhibited antimicrobial activity against C. albicans (MIC:8 µg/ml and MFC:16 µg/ml) and S. aureus (MIC:8 µg/ml and MBC:8 µg/ml). A synergistic interaction was observed between allicin + nystatin and allicin + CHX (FICI ≤ 0.5). Allicin exhibited significant biofilm eradication against C. albicans and S. aureus biofilms with percentages of 50.0% and 52.6%, respectively. The results of this study suggest a possible application of allicin in treating C. albicans and S. aureus infection in DS.     

大蒜素对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎bcl 2、Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察大鼠溃疡性结肠炎淋巴细胞凋亡及其调控蛋白bcl 2和Bax的表达及大蒜素对其的影响,探讨大蒜素对溃疡性结肠炎肠黏膜的保护作用及其机制.方法:SD大鼠48只随机分为对照组、三硝基苯磺酸组(TNBS组)、三硝基苯磺酸+0.9%氯化钠注射液组(TNBS＋NS组)、三硝基苯磺酸+大蒜素组(TNBS＋Alc组)共4组,每组12只.用TNBS 150 mg&#8226;kg 1灌肠建立大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型,第2天开始,TNBS＋NS组和TNBS＋Alc组分别以0.9%氯化钠注射液4 mL&#8226;d 1、大蒜素30 mg&#8226;kg 1&#8226;d 1对其进行灌胃,qd,至3周后处死动物.利用DNA缺口末端标记技术(TUNEL法)和bcl 2、Bax蛋白免疫组化染色,分别检测溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠组织中的淋巴细胞凋亡和淋巴细胞bcl 2和Bax的表达,并观察肠管大体形态和组织学改变.结果:与TNBS组及TNBS＋NS组相比,TNBS＋Alc组中淋巴细胞凋亡增加(P＜0.01),bcl 2表达阳性淋巴细胞减少(P＜0.01).损伤指数明显下降(P＜0.01).结论:大蒜素可以通过促进淋巴细胞凋亡而对TNBS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠黏膜有保护作用.     

大蒜素对结肠癌ＬｏＶｏ细胞增殖的影响

目的：观察大蒜素对结肠癌细胞ＬｏＶｏ生长、细胞凋亡及细胞周期的影响。方法：不同浓度的大蒜素作用于体外培养的ＬｏＶｏ细胞,倒置显微镜下观察ＬｏＶｏ细胞的形态学变化,采用ＭＴＴ法检测大蒜素对ＬｏＶｏ细胞增殖抑制能力,Ａｎ ｎｅｘｉｎＶ ＦＩＴＣ标记流式细胞术检测大蒜素对ＬｏＶｏ细胞的凋亡抑制率,流式细胞术检测大蒜素对ＬｏＶｏ细胞周期影响。结果：大蒜素可抑制人结肠癌ＬｏＶｏ细胞增殖,具有明显量效和时间依赖性,２４、４８和７２ｈ大蒜素抑制ＬｏＶｏ细胞的ＩＣ５０分别为３２.２３、１０.７４和６.５８μｇ／ｍｌ;大蒜素能够诱导ＬｏＶｏ细胞凋亡,作用２４ｈ其诱导凋亡率随着药物浓度的递增具有增高趋势,作用４８ｈ其诱导凋亡作用峰值浓度为８μｇ／ｍｌ,后再继续增加浓度凋亡率反而下降;大蒜素作用ＬｏＶｏ细胞２４ｈ后,大蒜素浓度低于４μｇ／ｍｌ时,ＬｏＶｏ细胞周期被阻滞于Ｇ２／Ｍ;     

富硒蒜对小鼠缓解体力疲劳作用的实验研究

目的:探讨富硒蒜对小鼠抗疲劳的影响。方法:用一定量的富硒蒜饲养小鼠,通过测定游泳时间、肝糖原、血乳酸来判定富硒蒜的抗疲劳效果。结果:富硒蒜组能明显延长小鼠负重游泳时间,显著增加小鼠肝糖原含量,减少小鼠运动前后血乳酸曲线下面积。结论:富硒蒜有抗疲劳作用。     

大蒜素抗肝癌的免疫机制研究

目的： 利用鼠肝癌动物模型,评价大蒜素在体内抗肝癌的有效性及可能的免疫应答机制。方法：在BALB/c小鼠右侧腋部皮下接种MM45T.Li细胞建立实验动物模型,将40只BALB/c小鼠随机分成两组,模型组和大蒜素治疗组,每组动物各20只,予接种后第2 d腹腔内注射给药,分别注射0.2 mL 0.9%NS和0.2 ml （1.95 kg/L）大蒜素液,每天1次,连续14 d;每2 d持续测量肿瘤体积变化,绘制肿瘤生长曲线;于末次给药第2 d处死动物,称取肿瘤重量,计算肿瘤生长抑制率;用HE染色法、免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤组织中淋巴细胞浸润情况;用流式细胞仪检测小鼠外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群。结果：与模型组相比,大蒜素治疗组小鼠移植瘤生长明显受到抑制;肿瘤组织HE染色示大蒜素治疗组肿瘤组织中有较多淋巴细胞浸润,且能从形态学上观察到巨噬细胞及中性粒细胞在肿瘤组织中浸润,而模型组肿瘤组织中淋巴细胞浸润较少;免疫组织化学法检测到大蒜素治疗组肿瘤组织中有较多CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞浸润;流式细胞仪检测到大蒜素治疗组小鼠外周血中CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞百分比分别为52.59%±4.93％和18.94%±1.87％,明显高于模型组的32.34%±6.40％和12.01%±1.06％（P<0.05）。结论： 大蒜素可能通过活化CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞诱导抗肿瘤免疫作用抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。     

Use of allicin as feed additive to enhance vaccination capacity of Clostridium perfringens toxoid in rabbits

The present study assessed the efficacy of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) toxoid and/or allicin – as feed additive – in rabbits for preventing or minimizing the severity of infection with locally isolated strain of C. perfringens type A. Serum biochemical, immunological and pathological investigations were also done. One hundred rabbits of 6 weeks of age were divided into five equal groups (G1–G5). G1 were kept as normal control. G2 was allocated for C. perfringens type A infection. G3 was vaccinated with C. perfringens toxoid at zero time and then with a booster dose at the 3rd week of the experimental period. G4 was treated with allicin 20% added to the ration (200 mg/kg ration) all over the experimental period. G5 was vaccinated with C. perfringens toxoid at the zero time then with a booster dose at the 3rd week of the experiment period, and treated with allicin 20% from the zero time till the end of the experiment. At the 4th week, G2, G3, G4 and G5 were challenged orally (5 ml) and subcutaneously (2 ml) with 24 h cooked meat broth containing 1 × 10⁷ colony-forming units/ml of C. perfringens type A strain. Blood and tissue samples were collected from all groups post-vaccination then post-challenge for biochemical analysis, serum neutralization test and histopathological examinations. Results revealed that rabbits treated with both allicin and toxoid vaccine demonstrated high level of antitoxin titre post-challenge, improved liver and kidney functions, and reduced morbidity and mortality rates and the severity of histopathological changes associated with challenge of rabbits with C. perfringens type A strain. In conclusion, vaccination of rabbits with C. perfringens toxoid combined with allicin 20% gave better protection, enhanced immune response and had no adverse effects on the general health conditions against C. perfringens type A infection compared to rabbits vaccinated with C. perfringens toxoid only.     

大蒜素抑制脑缺血-再灌注诱导的海马神经元凋亡及其机制初探

目的：探讨大蒜素抗脑缺血-再灌注诱导的海马神经元凋亡作用及其机制。方法： 采用大鼠全脑缺血-再灌注模型，应用流式细胞仪检测海马神经元凋亡率；采用比色法测定海马组织NO和MDA含量及SOD活性。结果： I-R组大鼠海马神经元凋亡率、海马组织NO和MDA含量明显高于sham组，而SOD活性显著低于sham组；静脉给予大蒜素预处理可抑制上述变化，且呈剂量依赖性效应。结论： 大蒜素具有抑制全脑缺血-再灌注诱导的海马神经元凋亡作用及抗氧化作用；大蒜素的抗氧化作用可能是其抑制海马神经元凋亡的重要机制之一。     

大蒜素对兔急性下肢缺血再灌注损伤后组织中IL-1,IL-6,IL-8含量的影响

目的 观察大蒜素注射液对兔急性下肢缺血再灌注损伤后组织中白介素-1、白介素-6、白介素-8含量的影响及意义.方法 30只家兔随机分为5组：空白组、缺血再灌注2h组、缺血再灌注5h组、缺血再灌注2h大蒜素治疗组、缺血再灌注5h大蒜素治疗组.复制缺血再灌注模型.空白组,切开下肢,点滴生理盐水,取腓肠肌.其余四组于缺血2h或5h结束前10min,分别于耳缘静脉点滴大蒜素或生理盐水,再灌注1h后取腓肠肌.分别作免疫指标测定和形态学观察,进行对比分析.结果 缺血再灌注2h组、5h组组织中IL-1,IL-6,IL-8含量与空白组比较有明显增高（P〈0.05）,而缺血再灌注2h大蒜素治疗组、缺血再灌注5h大蒜素治疗组分别与缺血再灌注2h组、缺血再灌注5h组比较IL-1、IL-6、IL-8含量明显下降（P〈0.05）.光镜观察,再灌注组组织结构改变明显,而治疗组改变较轻.结论 大蒜素在兔急性下肢缺血再灌注损伤中能抑制IL-1,IL-6,IL-8的表达,有效减少中性粒细胞的黏附、浸润,减轻炎性渗出,押制微循环通透性的增加,减轻下肢肌肉的损伤.     

大蒜素对恶性肿瘤患者红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的探讨大蒜素对恶性肿瘤患者红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法用红细胞C