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11.
12.
《中国新药与临床杂志》1994,(5)
阿片成瘾者250例(男性222例,女性28例,年龄30±s5a)应用山莨菪碱0.5-2mg/(kg·d),分2-3次加入10%葡萄糖250mL或5%葡萄糖生理盐水500mL静脉滴注;东莨菪碱0.02-0.03mg/kg加入10%葡萄糖250mL静脉滴注1次,必要时对重患者追加1次,疗程5-7d。结果戒断症状均有改善(P<0.01),27例需加用羟丁酸钠。不良反应轻,可作为阿片瘾者的脱瘾药物。*P<0.01。碱确能解除阿片药物戒断症状。其对阿片戒断症状缓解时间在治疗4-5d后,强烈觅药渴求也随之逐渐消失。150例(60%)要求进食,175例(70%)仍需借助安眠药睡眠。另65例(26%)戒断症状阵发性发作,每次持续0.5-1h,症状轻重不一,轻者流泪、全身弥漫性疼痛,重者焦躁不安、心中猫抓虫咬样难受,甚至想自残,可配合艾司唑仑3-4mg/d,po或氯硝西泮6-10mg/d,po;也可用氯硝西泮1-2mg/次,im,每日2-3次;针刺胃俞、脾俞、中脘、足三里、印堂、太阳、百会、内关、合谷、命门、夹脊和肾俞穴位,根据临床症状任选其中3-5个穴位进行治疗或心理治疗能快速减轻患者戒断症状。治程中27例(10.8%)重? 相似文献
13.
Alcohol is an important risk factor for human oesophageal cancer. There is evidence from epidemiological studies that some
specific alcoholic drinks, e.g. Calvados apple brandy, are associated with a greater risk than others. Alcohol induces cytochrome
P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and the hypothesis was tested that different alcoholic beverages, containing a variety of alcoholic compounds,
could differentially induce expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Twelve groups of five rats each were treated for 3 days
with different alcoholic beverages (ethanol alone, whisky, farm-produced or commercial Calvados brandy, beer, cider, wine)
adjusted to 4, 10 or 20% of ethanol in drinking water. Immunoblotting using a monoclonal antibody specific for rat CYP2E1
revealed a single protein band in liver microsomes. Densitometric quantitation of microsomal proteins demonstrated a significant
two-, three- and sixfold increase in band intensity after treatment with ethanol concentrations of 4, 10 and 20% respectively,
compared to control rats drinking water alone. There was a dose-dependent increase in liver microsomal metabolism of CYP2E1
substrates (para-nitrophenol and dimethylnitrosamine) in ethanol-treated rats. However, there were no significant differences
in the level of CYP2E1 protein or enzymatic activity between the different alcoholic beverages at the same ethanol concentration.
There was a slight increase in hepatic CYP1A-related enzymatic activities in the alcohol-treated rats compared to the controls,
but no difference between the treated groups either with dose of ethanol or type of beverage. These data show that induction
of CYP2E1 with acute alcohol treatment is predominantly determined by the ethanol content of the beverage.
Received: 10 February 1997 / Accepted: 26 May 1997 相似文献
14.
Summary. The first American programme for chemically dependent medical students at the University of Tennessee, Memphis is described. The goals of the Aid for the Impaired Medical Student (AIMS) Program are to provide confidential treatment for chemically dependent medical students, to assure that recovering students are able to resume their education, and to protect patients and others from the harm that may be caused by impaired students. The Program is administered by the AIMS Council, consisting of medical professionals and elected student representatives. The Council oversees the management of cases, including investigation of students who may be impaired, intervention when chemical dependency is suspected, diagnostic evaluation, treatment and aftercare, and post-recovery advocacy for students. The Program's experience includes 18 cases of suspected chemical dependency, with four self-referrals and 14 students referred by third parties. Eleven students have been diagnosed as chemically dependent and have completed treatment programmes. Nine have maintained recovery and eight have graduated. One student subsequently relapsed and committed suicide. Obstacles in programme implementation have involved absence of perceived need, the view that chemically dependent students should be dismissed from school, and reluctance of students to report classmates. Resources have included highly respected student representatives, a supportive administration, assistance of the impaired physicians programme, and medical insurance and professional courtesy to defray costs. Although the number treated has been modest, the AIMS Program is an important vehicle for training students regarding chemical dependency and their professional obligations toward impaired colleagues. 相似文献
15.
Kalevi Laitinen David Sinclair Maria Nurmi Reija Hietala Heikki Kröger Kalervo Kiianmaa Mikko Salaspuro 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》1992,16(5):875-880
Previous work has shown that calcitonin inhibits eating by rats and that it affects several neurotransmitter systems suspected to play a role in alcohol consumption. The present study was an initial test of whether calcitonin does affect voluntary alcohol consumption by male Wistar rats with prolonged alcohol experience. Calcitonin (20 IU/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously on 10 consecutive days when the rats (n = 20) had continual access to 10% (v/v) ethanol solution, and to food and water. Using a cross-over design, the effects of 40 IU/kg calcitonin vs. saline were then examined in a second 10-day treatment period. Similar patterns of effects were obtained with both calcitonin doses, but the patterns differed with alcohol, food, and water intake. Alcohol drinking showed biphasic changes with both doses, producing highly significant Treatment x Day interactions (p < 1E-10 and p = 6E-7): it was significantly reduced on the first day of calcitonin treatment and significantly increased on the last few days. Food intake was reduced on all calcitonin days although most markedly on the first. Water drinking was not altered on the first calcitonin day, but was greatly increased on the second, then gradually returned toward the baseline. In a second experiment, the animals were switched to 1 hr of alcohol access per day, and calcitonin (20 IU/kg) was administered periodically to one group 4 hr before the alcohol access. Alcohol drinking was significantly reduced in all cases when the calcitonin injection was preceded by at least 1 day without calcitonin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
16.
P. Lombrail T. Lang P. Degoulet F. Aimee C. Devries C. Fouriaud M. C. Jacquinet-Salord 《European journal of epidemiology》1988,4(3):371-376
Alcohol consumption and glycosuria were found to be associated (p < 0.001) in a population of 6571 salaried employees who underwent a systematic examination. The prevalence of glycosuria was found to range from 1.3% among 2609 non-drinkers to 5% among 816 heavy drinkers (six glasses or more of alcoholic beverage daily). This association was still significant after adjustement for age, sex and body mass index. Similarly, a positive association was observed between fasting glycemia and alcoholic intake in a subgroup of 998 subjects when such a result was available (p < 0.05). 相似文献
17.
Male Wistar rats bearing intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannulae and with simultaneous access to 6% ethanol and water were
subjected to adrenalectomy (ADX) or sham surgery. ADX decreased ethanol intake. Starting a few days later, the animals received
ICV infusions with 100 μg corticosterone acetate (CORT) with 2-to 3-day intervals for 2 weeks. ICV CORT, but not SC CORT at
the same dose, restored ethanol consumption in ADX rats to preoperative levels, whereas vehicle infusions (propylene, glycol)
did not. Adrenally intact animals, which normally consumed moderate amounts of ethanol (≈0.5 g/kg per day), also showed a
robust effect of ICV infusions of CORT, whereas this facilitatory effect was not observed in high consumers (≈3.0 g/kg per
day). The suppressive effect of ADX on ethanol intake was not reproduced by concurrent and repeated ICV infusions of intracellular
mineralocorticoid (RU 28318) and glucocorticoid (mifepristone) receptor blockers. It is concluded that CORT stimulates alcohol
consumption by acting in the brain, probably by way of neuronal membrane mechanisms. 相似文献
18.
D. R. JASINSKI 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》1997,41(1):184-186
In the 19th century, investigators recognized that addiction to opiates involves tolerance and dependence. In the United States, the National Academy of Sciences and the Public Health Service initiated systematic investigations into opiate addiction in 1929. Tolerance and dependence to morphine, the prototype for opiate drugs, were the emphasis of human studies for the next fifty years. This presentation highlights salient features of tolerance and dependence learned in these studies and relates these findings to clinical use in treating pain. 相似文献
19.
S. Patricia Chou 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》1994,18(1):149-153
Excessive alcohol consumption causes damages to the stomach or duodenum by impairing the integrity of the mucosal barrier. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between alcohol consumption and peptic ulcer, utilizing a large representative sample of the U.S. population, while controlling for cigarette smoking and major sociodemographic variables. Results indicated that alcohol consumption only minimally increased the odds of peptic ulcer. Thus, this study offers little support for the association between ethanol intake and peptic ulcer. 相似文献
20.
David S. K. Lu Shantanu Sinha John Lucas Keyvan Farahani Robert Lufkin Klaus Lewin 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》1997,7(2):303-308
The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of MR-guided percutaneous ethanol ablation of liver tissue on a .2-T open MR scanner. Needles were placed by MR guidance first into an ex vivo sheep liver and then into livers of three anesthetized pigs, and injection of 10 ml of 96% alcohol was performed. T1 fast low-angle shot (FLASH), T2 turbo spin echo (TSE), and T1 spin echo (SE) images were obtained after incremental volumes of injection. In one pig, simultaneous injection of saline into normal liver was also performed with subsequent pathological correlation. Ethanol-infiltrated liver was hypointense to liver on all sequences, whereas saline caused no tissue signal changes on T1 SE and either isointense or hyperintense changes on T2 TSE images. Pathological examination confirmed ethanol-induced acute liver changes as compared with the control. MR guidance of needle placement and monitoring of ethanol effects on liver tissue is feasible. This may have implications for potential MR-guided hepatic tumor ablation. 相似文献