呼吸系统感染性疾病快速诊断技术的应用

目的为临床提供快速准确的呼吸道常见感染性疾病病因诊断依据，以便尽快诊断、正确治疗、预防传播，协助临床排除SARS(严重急性呼吸综合征)及禽流感诊断。方法用酶免疫方法对呼吸道感染病人鼻咽喉分泌物、血清及尿液标本进行检测，得到A群链球菌抗原、流感病毒A型和B型抗原、呼吸道合胞病毒抗原、肺炎支原体抗体IgM、嗜肺军团菌I型抗原的定性结果。每项试验操作简单并可在30min内完成。结果一年半时间共检测来自879位病人的1152份标本，阳性结果共124个，总感染率为14．1％。A群链球菌抗原检测标本446份，阳性率为11．9％；流感病毒A型和B型抗原266份，阳性率为11．7％；呼吸道合胞病毒抗原116份，阳性率为21．6%；肺炎支原体抗体227份，阳性率为5．3％、嗜肺军团菌1型抗原97份，阳性率为3．1％。SARS流行期间这五种病原体的感染率为20．2％，阳性结果中未发现一例SARS病人。SARS流行前一年多的时间里所检测病原体感染率仅为12．0%。结论采用酶免疫法检测呼吸道病原体，结果快速可靠，为临床提供了早期诊断和正确治疗的依据，可以尽早有效地排除SARS诊断，并减少抗生素滥用现象。     

乙型肝炎病毒DNA定量与血清学标志物的关系

目的探讨乙型肝炎（下称乙肝）病毒（HBV）DNA定量与HBV血清学标志物（HBVM）的关系。方法采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（FQ-PCR）检测225例乙肝感染者血清的HBV DNA含量,并用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对其血清学标志物进行检测。结果在不同HBV M模式中,HBV DNA与HBV前S1抗原（preS1Ag）总检出率差异无统计学意义。在模式乙肝病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）（＋）、乙肝病毒e抗原（HBeAg）（＋）和抗核心抗原抗体（＋）中血清HBV DNA含量明显高于其他模式。在139例HBV DNA阳性的标本中,HBV DNA与preS1Ag检出率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,HBV DNA与HBeAg检出率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,同时preS1Ag阳性组HBV DNA定量值显著高于preS1Ag阴性组。结论HBV DNA或preS1Ag与HBV复制密切相关,preS1Ag较HBeAg更能敏感反应HBV复制,联合检测HBV DNA与HBVM在乙肝的诊断治疗中更有重要的临床指导价值。     

Allergens in Hymenoptera venom XV: The immunologic basis of vespid venom cross-reactivity

RAST-inhibition studies were performed by use of whole venom sac extracts to inhibit binding to purified venom allergens from various vespid wasps. Immunodiffusion studies were also performed with rabbit antisera raised against purified venom proteins. Immunologic cross-reactivity was demonstrated among the hyaluronidases, phospholipases, and antigen 5 s from both subgenera of yellow jackets, white-faced hornets, and paper wasps. The paper wasp hyaluronidase and antigen 5 were less related to those of the other three species than those of yellow jackets and hornets. It appears that immunologic cross-reactivity is the major mechanism of multiple allergic sensitivity to vespid venoms. Therapy with only the primary venom should be sufficient to protect against reactions from cross-reacting venoms.     

Investigation of tyrphostin AG 556 for testicular torsion-induced ischemia reperfusion injury in rat

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of tyrphostin AG 556, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in an experimental model of testicular ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury.Material and methodsTwenty-four adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): sham, torsion/detorsion (T/D), T/D + dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (vehicle group), and T/D + DMSO + tyrphostin AG 556. Testicular torsion was achieved by rotating the left testis 720° clockwise for 4 h. Thirty minutes before detorsion, 3 mg/kg tyrphostin AG 556 was injected transperitoneally in the AG 556 group and DMSO was injected transperitoneally in the DMSO group. After 2 h of reperfusion arterial blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis for malondialdehyde (MDA), ischemia modified albumin (IMA), SCUBE1 (signal peptide-CUB [complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1] and EGF [epidermal growth factor] like domain-containing protein 1), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) parameters, and ipsilateral orchiectomies were performed for histopathological examination based on the semi-quantitative Johnsen's mean testicular biopsy score (MTBS) in all groups.ResultsTyrphostin AG 556 exhibited a protective effect against I/R injury in testicular torsion. Of the biochemical parameters evaluated as a result of testicular I/R, IMA, MDA, and TOS levels were significantly elevated. There was no significant difference in terms of these biochemical parameters between the sham and AG 556 groups. Significant histopathological injury was determined by comparing the T/D and sham groups. According to histopathological injury scores, significant differences were determined between T/D and AG 556 groups and between AG 556 and sham groups. AG 556 had a superior improving effect on Johnsen's scores than DMSO.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the use of tyrphostin AG 556 prior to testicular reperfusion has a protective effect against testicular I/R injury.     

Delineation of a CD1d-restricted antigen presentation pathway associated with human and mouse intestinal epithelial cells

BACKGROUND & AIMS: CD1d, a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related molecule that is responsible for the presentation of glycolipid antigens to subsets of natural killer T (NK-T) cells, is expressed by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). However, CD1d-restricted antigen presentation has not yet been examined on IECs. METHODS: A mouse intestinal epithelial cell line (MODE-K), a human epithelial cell line (T84), T84 cells transfected with CD1d and/or MHC class II, and freshly isolated human IECs were examined for their ability to present model glycolipid antigens to NK-T cells as defined by interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-4 secretion. RESULTS: MODE-K and freshly isolated human IECs exhibited dose-dependent, CD1d-restricted presentation of the functional glycolipid antigen, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha GalCer), to the mouse NK-T cell hybridoma, DN32.D3. The human IEC line, T84, mainly presented alpha GalCer when transfected with human CD1d. Presentation of alpha GalCer by CD1d-transfected T84 cells (T84d) to DN32.D3 cells was greater along the basal surface in comparison with the apical surface. Induction of the MHC class II antigen presentation machinery by cotransfecting T84d with the MHC class I transactivator (CIITA) did not alter this polarity of presentation. Neither MODE-K nor T84 cells transfected with CD1d, CD1d plus CIITA, or CD1d plus HLA-DR were able to present glycolipid antigens requiring intracellular processing. The MODE-K cell line could also present alpha GalCer to primary mouse NK-T cells. CONCLUSIONS: CD1d is expressed functionally on IECs with a polarity of presentation (basal > apical) predicting a role in presentation of mucosal glycolipid antigens to local CD1d-restricted T cells.