大规模白内障复明手术中同时行胬肉切除联合球结膜瓣转移手术的应用

目的:探讨大规模白内障复明手术中对合并翼状胬肉的患者同时施行胬肉切除联合球结膜瓣转移术的安全性和有效性。方法:对36例老年性白内障合并翼状胬肉的患者,使用前房维持器行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术,并行胬肉切除联合球结膜瓣移植,术后随访30～90(平均43.5)d。观察术后单纯球镜矫正视力、并发症、角膜愈合、角膜缘新生血管及球结膜是否有薄层胬肉样组织增生。结果:34例视力>0.3。角膜创面3～5d愈合,无1例胬肉复发,无新生血管生长及瘢痕组织增生现象。结论:防盲手术中对合并翼状胬肉的患者同时施行胬肉切除联合球结膜瓣转移术是安全和有效的。     

高龄老年人白内障囊外摘出术30例临床分析

本文对30例（42眼）75岁以上高龄老年人白内障囊外摘出术的眼部手术与全身状况进行分析，其中80％以上息全身多系统疾病，以高血压病、冠心病为多。如果处理适当，均能承受手术。全部病例视力较术前改善。术后7～15d的矫正视力：≥0．3．14眼（33％）；0．05～＜0．3，23眼（55％）；＜0．05，5眼（12％）。随访半年～3年，部份视力稳定，大部份有所提高。眼部并发症不高于一般老年人。     

Nd－YAG激光治疗后发障后高眼压分析

观察６０例以Ｎｄ－ＹＡＧ激光切开后发障术后急性高眼压患者。结果显示，激光术后ｌｈ眼压升高，３ｂ达高峰，２４ｈ大多数恢复正常。眼压升高程度与激光能量大小、射次，膜混浊程度及前房碎屑无明显相关。激光光波引起的色素膜反应可能是眼压急性升高的原因之一。     

直肠Ca男性患者手术病人麻醉后插尿管的临床观察

目的观察直肠Ca男性患者手术麻醉后插尿管对患者的好处。方法对92例直肠Ca手术男性患者随机分成实验组及对照组进行麻醉后插尿管及常规术前1小时插尿管做法对比。结果直肠Ca手术男性患者选择麻醉后插尿管更优于术前1小时常规插尿管,成功率更高。结论直肠Ca男性患者手术采用麻醉后插尿管值得推广采用。     

Professional Burnout:

This paper attempts to answer the question of why social caseworkers have ongoing supervision by exploring the historical evolution of social work supervision. Supervision has withstood the many changes in the field since its beginning in the late 1800s and has been reinterpreted to fit the prevailing theories guiding practice, thus avoiding obsolescence. Supervision began as an educational device, then evolved into a practice tool, later became a therapeutic method, and then became a separate entity from therapy.     

A Randomized,Controlled Trial to Investigate the Effect of Ciclesonide and Beclomethasone Dipropionate on Eye Lens Opacity

Background. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are recommended first-line therapy for the treatment of persistent asthma. However, reports from observational studies have suggested that the use of ICS may be associated with systemic adverse events, such as glaucoma and cataract (opacity of the lens) formation. Objective. To compare two ICS over 1 year regarding the formation/progression of lenticular opacities in patients with asthma. Methods. Adults (≥ 18 years of age) with moderate-to-severe asthma were randomized to ciclesonide 640 μ g/day (n = 785) or beclomethasone dipropionate 640 μ g/day (n = 783) in a multinational, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group study. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of a positive Class I grading shift (increase [worsening] in Lens Opacities Classification System [LOCS] III score of ≥ 0.5 for nuclear opalescence, ≥ 0.8 for cortical opacification, or ≥ 0.5 for posterior subcapsular opacification, or cataract surgery) in either eye at any visit over the 12-month, double-blind treatment period. Results. Mean changes (± standard error) in nuclear opalescence and cortical and posterior subcapsular opacification were small and similar between groups (ciclesonide 640 μ g/day: 0.10 ± 0.02, 0.07 ± 0.02 and 0.04 ± 0.01, respectively; beclomethasone dipropionate 640 μ g/day: 0.11 ± 0.02, 0.09 ± 0.02 and 0.03 ± 0.01, respectively). Class I shifts were observed in 34.3% versus 36.8% of ciclesonide-treated and beclomethasone dipropionate-treated patients, respectively. Ciclesonide 640 μ g/day was non-inferior to beclomethasone dipropionate 640 μ g/day regarding Class I shifts (risk ratio of ciclesonide to beclomethasone dipropionate, 0.940 [95% confidence interval, 0.820–1.077]); the 95% confidence interval upper bound was lower than the pre-specified non-inferiority bound of 1.333 (p < 0.0001), thereby excluding the possibility of higher risk ratio values. Conclusions. Mean changes in LOCS III scores were very small in both groups. Treatment with ciclesonide 640 μ g/day or beclomethasone dipropionate 640 μ g/day for 1 year has a minimal impact on lenticular opacities development and/or progression.     

超声乳化白内障吸出PMMA人工晶体植入术

目的：总结超声乳化白内障吸出ＰＭＭＡ人工晶体植入术的疗效，并探讨手术技巧及并发症。方法：对６１例白内障超声乳化并植入ＰＭＭＡ人工晶体。结果：术后一周内视力在１．０以上者１２眼，０．４至０．９者６１眼；一个月后视力在１．０以上者３７眼，０．４至０．９者４２眼。术中主要并发症的后囊破裂，虹膜损伤，术后并发症为角膜水肿。结论：超声乳化白内障吸出ＰＭＭＡ人工晶体植入术切口小，术后散光小、视力提高明显，强调     

肾上腺素及地塞米松对白内障患者晶状体上皮细胞增殖的影响

为了观察肾上腺素及地塞米松对白内障患者晶状体上皮细胞 (lensepithelialcell,LEC)增殖的影响并探讨其机制 ,在行白内障超声乳化术中 ,取出中央 5～ 7mm的晶状体前囊 ,将其均分成 3等份 ,用于对照组及两实验组 ,分别培养于 10 -6mol/L的肾上腺素及地塞米松 4 8h,免疫组织化学染色后 ,采用医用多功能图像分析系统测定增殖细胞核抗原 (proliferatingcellnuclearantigen ,PCNA)阳性面积率。结果显示 ,10 -6mol/L的肾上腺素及地塞米松对LEC的增殖有明显的抑制作用 ,PCNA的阳性面积率分别为 (2 6 14± 0 92 2 ) %和(3 338± 0 838) % ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。研究表明 ,肾上腺素及地塞米松对白内障患者LEC有明显的抑制作用 ,从而可用于白内障术后防治后囊膜混浊的发生 ,为临床筛选防治后发性白内障的药物提供了科学依据。     

水冲核小切口老年性白内障摘除术临床观察98例

目的 探讨水冲核技术在老年性白内障摘除术中的临床治疗效果. 方法 回顾性分析2008年6月～2011年6月间我院收治的98例(98眼)老年性白内障患者,根据其手术方式分为两组,观察组58例,采取水冲核非超声乳化手术;对照组40例,采用传统手法小切口非超声乳化手术,分析其治疗过程及预后. 结果 98例(98眼)术后视力均有不同程度提高,术后3个月内的最佳裸眼视力0.5以上者,观察组47例(81.0％),对照组27例(67.5％),P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义.最佳裸眼视力1.0以上者,观察组12例(20.7％),对照组3例(7.5％),P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义.术后散光观察组平均为(1.04±0.10)D,对照组平均为(1.21±0.11)D,术后观察组和对照组的角膜平均散光度数的比较,P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义.观察组的角膜平均散光度数手术前后差异无显著性;对照组的角膜平均散光度数手术前后差异有统计学意义. 结论 水冲核白内障手术对角膜内皮的损伤较小、恢复较快,优于常规法,值得在临床中推广.