Action spectrum of the retinal mechanism mediating nocturnal light-induced suppression of rat pineal gland N-acetyltransferase

The spectral properties of the retinal mechanism mediating the inhibitory effects of nocturnal light on pineal gland N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity were determined. Pineal gland NAT activity declined linearly in albino rats exposed to different irradiances of a 460 or 580 nm monochromatic light during the middle of the dark phase of the cycle. The difference in sensitivity to the test lights is that predicted for a photopigment having peak absorbance at 495 nm, suggesting the inhibition of pineal gland N-acetyltransferase activity is mediated by the photopigment found in rat rods.     

CT of the normal pituitary gland

Summary Retrospective evaluation of the pituitary gland on coronal post-contrast CT scan in 251 patients demonstrated that the pituitary gland is somewhat larger in females than in males. In males, glands measuring greater than 7.7 mm should be considered abnormal; in females, a statistically significant decline of gland height occurs with increasing age, the upper limit of normal for female gland height decreasing from 9.2 cm for a 20-year-old to 6.0 cm for a 90-year-old. Focal low densities greater than 3 mm are rare in males and probably should be considered abnormal.     

~(99m)TC涎腺显像的临床评价(附43例报告)

在本组43例~(99m)Tc 涎腺显像中(25例良性肿瘤,12例恶性肿瘤,5例慢性腮腺炎及1例结核性腮腺淋巴结炎),42例腮腺及1例颁下腺均显示在涎腺显像图中.照相显像均显示了良性或恶性涎腺肿瘤的大小、范围及部位,无假阴性.相比之下,涎腺造影有3例假阴性.本文表明虽然~(99m)Tc 涎腺显像对腮腺Warthin 瘤无特异性,不能鉴别涎腺良、恶性肿瘤,但该检查是一种安全而简单的诊断技术,且比常规涎腺造影敏感.与涎腺造影对照有助于炎症与肿瘸、良性肿瘤与恶性肿瘤的鉴别.     

The normal pituitary examined with positron emission tomography and (methyl-11C)-L-methionine and (methyl-11C)-D-methionine

Summary Four patients with radiologically normal pituitary gland were examined with positron emission tomography after the administration of (methyl-¹¹C)-L-methionine. On a following day the examination was repeated with (methyl-¹¹c)-D-methionine. The accumulation rate of L-methionine in the pituitary was measured, giving a value that was about twice that of normal brain tissue. The accumulation rate of D-methionine in the pituitary was almost a factor of 10 lower than that of L-methionine. In the normal brain tissue that ratio was 2.3. The study clearly indicates that the methionine uptake in the pituitary is stereospecific. ¹¹C-D-methionine is freely distributed in the tissue without entrapment, whereas ¹¹C-L-methionine is irreversibly bound. It is concluded that PET with ¹¹C-L-methionine can be used to study amino acid utilization in the pituitary.     

颌下型舌下腺囊肿的病理分析及临床探讨

目的 探讨颌下型舌下腺囊肿的病理表现与临床诊治的联系。方法 本组79例病理切片采取HE染色及PAS染色的方法结合临床情况进行对比分析。结果 颌下型舌下腺囊肿形成的主要原因为炎症，具有腺液分泌能力的囊壁位于腺体实质内。结论 本类型囊肿应在抗炎基础上手术，手术切口应以口内切口为主，净腺体就可以防止术后复发。     

乳腺X线片对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

本文对32例经手术及病理证实的早期乳腺癌X线片进行了分析。乳腺内成堆钙化表现在X线上形态分为：（1）细沙型；（2）蠕虫型；（3）粗颗粒型；（4）混合型；（5）融合型。笔者对各型钙化的空间分布数量、多少及有无肿块进行综合分析后认为：细沙样钙化，无论数量多少、有无肿块都有恶性诊断价值。因此提出细沙样型、蠕虫型或混合型恶性程度大，而粗颗粒型及融合型钙化均属良性钙化。     

Safe Endoscopic Resection Using a Detachable Snare: Large Pedunculated Brunner's Gland Hyperplasia

We report a case of Brunner's gland hyperplasia that was resected by an endoscopic polypectomy using a two‐channel fiberscope and a detachable snare. A 59‐year‐old woman had tarry stool and anemia. Upper endoscopy revealed a large pedunculated polyp that arose from the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb. As we thought this polyp to be the source of bleeding, we performed an endoscopic removal. The lesion was removed by using a detachable snare without any complications. The resected specimen revealed a Brunner's gland hyperplasia. Endoscopic resection using the detachable snare was found to be a useful method for the prevention of the polypectomy‐related bleeding in the treatment of Brunner's gland hyperplasia.     

Cell death and cell proliferation during atrophy of the rat parotid gland induced by duct obstruction

Rat parotid gland atrophy after unilateral duct ligation was studied by light and electron microscopy. Death of secretory acinar cells, which took the form of apoptosis, resulted in their complete disappearance within 5 days. The remnants of the dying cells were mostly phagocytosed and degraded by macrophages within the glandular epithelium; a few were taken up by adjoining epithelial cells. The acinar cell deletion was accompanied by increased mitosis of striated and intercalated duct epithelial cells. However, over many weeks, there was enhanced apoptosis of duct cells, which eventually led to marked shortening of intercalated ducts. Apoptosis of capillary endothelial cells was observed and may account for the reduction in the capillary bed known to accompany gland atrophy. The end-stage lesion comprised small numbers of ducts in a condensed stroma. Compensatory hyperplasia, involving proliferation of duct and acinar cells, was demonstrated in the contralateral glands.     

腮腺腺淋巴瘤MRI及临床分析

目的:探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤的临床、MRI及病理表现的特点。方法:回顾性分析经手术及组织病理学证实的26例腮腺腺淋巴瘤患者的MRI影像学特征及其相关病理学改变。结果:26例患者年龄45～82岁,平均54.5岁。吸烟者23例(88.5%),男女比例5.5:1。双侧发病8例,占30.8%。共有病灶34个,其中位于腮腺后下极者31个(91.2%)。MRI检查结果31个(91.2%)病灶在T1WI为中等偏低信号,局部见更低信号;29个(85.3%)病灶在T2WI表现为高等混杂信号。所有病例增强扫描后均有不同程度不均匀强化,稍高于正常腮腺。结论:腮腺腺淋巴瘤好发于50岁以上的男性患者,与吸烟关系密切,多位于腮腺后下极,有双侧多发的特点,MRI检查更利于术前诊断。     

Chlamydia trachomatis in Andrologic Patients – Direct and Indirect Detection

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is considered to be the most common sexually transmitted disease in Germany. It is currently unclear whether chlamydial infection causes pathological conditions of the male accessory glands with consequences for male infertility. Patients and Methods: Within the framework of several prospective studies the association between sperm quality, male accessory gland function and infection with C. trachomatis was investigated in men of couples with unexplained infertility. Chlamydial infection was determined by serologic methods and by proof of Chlamydia-specific DNA. As a marker of infection the direct determination of granulocytes in the ejaculate or the measurement of the polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase concentration was used. The male accessory gland function was evaluated using the markers fructose, citric acid and α-glucosidase in the seminal plasma. Results: Chlamydia-specific DNA in the ejaculate was present in between 3–5% of the subjects, which corresponds to it s prevalence in the normal population. Chlamydia IgA antibodies were demonstrated with a frequency of 38% in seminal plasma (n = 834) using a genus-specific test (rELISA). Using other species-specific tests (MIF, SeroCT, IgA pELISA and ImmunoComb), Chlamydia IgA antibodies were found at frequencies of between 8 and 22%. Conclusion: Only in a few individual cases was it possible to show a connection between reduced sperm quality, disturbed male accessory gland function and indication of infection with Chlamydia, bacteria or Ureaplasma. Received: May 23, 2000 · Revision accepted: December 20, 2000