儿童急性白血病患者血浆止凝血分子标志物检测的临床意义

目的　了解三种止凝血分子标志物在不同类型 ,不同出血程度的儿童急性白血病 (AL)患者中的变化并探讨其临床意义。方法　用ElISA方法检测了 56例初诊AL患儿血浆中的凝血酶调节蛋白 (TM) ,可溶性纤维蛋白单体复合物 (SFMC) ,D-二聚体 (D -D)含量 ,并用常规方法检测了 56例AL患儿的血小板 (BPC)、血浆凝血酶原时间 (PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间 (APTT)、凝血酶时间 (TT)、鱼精蛋白副凝试验( 3P)及纤维蛋白原定量 (Fg)。结果　 56例AL患儿的SFMC、D -D均值高于正常对照组儿童的均值 ,两组比较有显著差异 (P <0 0 5)。急性非淋巴细胞白血病 (ANLL)与急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)比较 ,ANLL患儿组的SFMC、D -D的血浆含量显著高于ALL组。高白细胞性急性白血病 (HLAL)与其它初诊时白细胞数低于 1 0 0× 1 0 9/L的AL患儿比较 ,TM、SFMC、D -D均有显著差异 (P <0 0 5)。无出血组与正常对照比较 ,SFMC、D -D及BPC有显著差异 (P <0 0 5) ,其它项目无显著差异 ,轻度出血组与无出血组比较 ,BPC减低有显著差异 (P <0 0 5) ,而其它项目无显著差异 ,重度出血组与轻度出血组相比较 ,TM、SFMC、D -D、3P试验、Fg均有显著差异。结论　 1、儿童AL患儿存在不同程度凝血、纤溶紊乱 ,以HLAL患儿最严重。 2、血管内皮细胞受损 ,?     

Acute-onset nontraumatic paraplegia in childhood: fibrocartilaginous embolism or acute myelitis?

Fibrocartilaginous embolus causing acute spinal cord infarction is a rare cause of acute-onset paraplegia or quadriplegia. Few cases of survivors have been reported in the neurosurgical literature, with most reports involving post-mortem or biopsy findings. There is little information on MRI findings in such patients. We present the youngest patient ever reported, and discuss the important differences between fibrocartilaginous embolus and acute myelitis of childhood. A 6-year-old girl with a history of back pain presented with sudden-onset nontraumatic paraplegia, with a clinical anterior spinal artery syndrome. Initial MRI scan revealed intervertebral disc disease at L1–2 and an incidental thoracic syrinx, but no cause for her acute-onset paraplegia was identified. Cerebrospinal fluid and other investigations were all negative. Sequential MRI scans revealed development of spinal cord expansion from T10 to the conus medullaris, with increased cord signal in the anterior aspect of the spinal cord. The intervertebral disc disease was unchanged. The imaging and clinical findings were caused by fibrocartilaginous embolus, which meant there was no need for spinal cord biopsy. The report describes the clinical and imaging criteria for diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous embolus, highlighting the case for avoiding an unnecessary biopsy. The clinical pattern in the paediatric group is discussed, with features differentiating it from acute myelitis of childhood. Received: 4 January 2000     

P-选择素在急性冠脉综合征中的研究进展

P-选择素可反映体内血小板的功能状态,间接反映体内血管炎症及免疫状态,而炎症与免疫可能是导致斑块不稳定的主要因素,观察及干预P-选择素可能对急性冠脉综合征的预测和防治有帮助。     

肺保护性通气策略在儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的应用价值

Objective To assess the effect of lung protective ventilation on outcome of children with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods Between January 1999 and December 2007,43 children with ARDS were enrolled from PICU of Shanghai Children's Medical Center and assigned to the protective-ventilation group(group A) or the conventional-ventilation group(group B).The patients in group A (from January 2004 to December 2007)received lower tidal volume(6～7 ml/kg) and high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP),and optimal oxygenation was achieved by adjusting FiO2 and PEEP.The patients in group B(from January 1999 to December 2003) received relatively higher tidal volume(8～12 mL/kg) with lower PEEP(2～6 cm H2O),and optimal oxygenation was achieved by adjusting FiO2.Tidal volume,PEEP,arterial blood gas,mortality and the number of ventilator-free days were compared between the two groups.Results Since protective ventilation was adopted after 2004,tidal volume was significantly lower in group A[(7.09±1.66)ml/kg]as compared with that in group B[(9.82±2.31) ml/kg](P=0.001).PEEP was significantly higher in group A[(7.15±2.08) cm H2O]as compared with that of group B[(5.40 + 1.84) cm H2O](P=0.021).The mortality was 30.3% in group A and 60.0% in group B.The number of ventilator-free days were(10.88±8.84) d in group A and(8.40±10.86) d in group B.Although mortality was lower and number of ventilator-free days was greater in group A,no significant differences were found between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Lung protective ventilation may improve the outcome for pediatric patients with ARDS,however,larger trials are required before a definite conclusion can be reached.     

纳洛酮治疗急性酒精中毒46例疗效观察

目的:总结纳洛酮(naloxone)治疗急性酒精中毒的疗效和经验。方法:对用纳洛酮治疗的46急性酒精中毒患者的临床资料进行分析。结果:纳洛酮治疗轻、中度患者症状消失时间为(0.6±0.1)小时,重度中毒患者神志清醒时间为(3.0±0.3)小时,与传统的治疗相比有明显的优势。结论:纳洛酮是治疗急性酒精中毒的有效药物,使用简单,疗效快速可靠。     

内皮素在急性胰腺炎中的标志物作用

目的　本实验旨在观察ANP时ET在腔静脉血和门静脉血中的浓度变化。方法　将 10 8只大鼠随机分成仿手术组 (A )、损伤对照组 (B)、DA给药一组 (C)和二组 (D )。采用 4 5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行胆胰管逆行注射建立大鼠ANP模型 ,并于 1h、 6h、 2 4h采集尾静脉和下腔静脉、门静脉血液 ,用放免法测定ET含量 ,取胰腺组织作病理切片检查和评分。结果　对照组大鼠外周血、门脉血和腔静脉血ET水平明显高于假手术组和给药组 ,其胰腺病理学改变也明显加重 ,DA一组和DA二组的ET水平及病理改变也有统计学差异。结论　ET能有效反映胰腺病变程度 ,检测门脉血指标比外周血更灵敏、准确 ,经腹主动脉给药比外周静脉注射更有效     

Acute hyperglycemia attenuates nerve conduction velocity and nerve blood flow in male Sprague–Dawley rats: reversal by adenosine

Hyperglycemia is implicated to play a major role in development of diabetic neuropathy. Since most of the diabetics are hyperglycemic much before they develop full-blown diabetes, we felt, it would be very important to know the effects of acute hyperglycemia on nerve function so that early pathophysiological events could be understood and appropriate therapeutic intervention can be made. Moreover, effect of acute hyperglycemia on motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and nerve blood flow (NBF) is not known. Hence, we studied the effects of acute hyperglycemia on sciatic MNCV and sciatic NBF in healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Three different animal models of acute hyperglycemia (50% glucose (3 g kg(-1), i.v. (intra-venous) or i.p. (intra-peritoneally)) or 24 h post-streptozotocin (STZ) injected rats were used. Acute hyperglycemia but not mannitol or sucrose significantly attenuated MNCV and NBF. Adenosine (10 mg kg(-1), i.p.) prevented the acute hyperglycemia-induced attenuation of MNCV and NBF in all the three rat models of acute hyperglycemia. Adenosine effects were blocked by theophylline (50 mg kg(-1), i.p.) suggesting the role of adenosinergic receptor mediated mechanisms in acute hyperglycemia-induced neuropathy. Acute glucose administration in 8 weeks, STZ diabetic rats did not further affect MNCV or NBF. Adenosine (10 mg kg(-1), i.p.) did not produce any adverse effects on the blood pressure and heart rate. From the results, we conclude that acute hyperglycemia attenuates MNCV and NBF via an adenosinergic receptor-dependent mechanism.     

气道压力释放通气对急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者呼吸机相关性肺损伤的影响

目的 通过测定机械通气对急性呼吸窘迫综合征（Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome,ARDS）患者支气管肺泡灌洗液（BronchoAlveolar Lavage Fluid,BALF）与血清中肺损伤标记物的变化,明确气道压力释放通气（Airway Pressure Release Ventilation,APRV）与小潮气量保护性通气（Low Tidal Volume Protective Ventilation,LTV）对ARDS患者呼吸机相关性肺损伤（Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury,VILI）的影响。方法 收集深圳大学总医院及海南省人民医院2018-01至2019-05内ARDS住院患者40例,以随机数字法分为两组：A组21例,B组19例,A组先予APRV通气24 h,随后转为LTV 24 h;B组先予LTV 24 h,再转为APRV 24 h,比较干预治疗0 h、24 h、48 h两组患者氧合指数、呼吸力学、BALF及血清中肺泡表面活性蛋白（Pulmonary Surfactant Protein D,SP-D）、重组...     

糖皮质类固醇激素治疗急性肺损伤的进展

急性肺损伤(ALI)是全身炎症反应综合征在肺部的表现,炎症失控是其病变本质。糖皮质类固醇激素因其抗炎和免疫抑制特性而被广泛应用于临床重症疾病。本文在复习近年来文献的基础上就糖皮质激素在ALI中的应用进展作一综述。