HPLC测定雪上一枝蒿中3种生物碱的含量

目的：建立HPLC测定雪上一枝蒿中乌头碱、新乌头碱和雪上一枝蒿甲素的含量。方法：Thermo C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,柱温30 ℃,流动相甲醇-0.01%三乙胺（73：27）,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长240 nm。结果：乌头碱、新乌头碱和雪上一枝蒿甲素的平均加样回收率分别为98.88%（RSD 0.86%）,98.68%（RSD 0.48%）,98.94%（RSD 0.65%）。结论：该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于雪上一枝蒿中3种生物碱的含量测定。     

参附注射液与参麦注射液对全麻术后患者复苏影响的临床比较研究

目的：探讨参附注射液和参麦注射液对全身麻醉术后患者复苏的影响,并分析其作用机制。方法：将52例符合入选要求的患者分为3组：参附注射液组15例（A组）,参麦注射液组15例（B组）,空白对照组22例（C组）。A组以参附注射液1mL/kg的剂量加适量5%葡萄糖稀释成100mL静滴;B组以参麦注射液1mL/kg的剂量同法静滴。C组仅以5%葡萄糖100mL静滴;3组均在手术结束,停止静脉麻药和吸入麻药时（T0时刻）开始静脉给药,5min内滴完。分别记录用药后患者的自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、睁[时间、出复苏室时间、用药30min后格拉斯哥（GCS）评分情况,以及在用药后患者出现的不良反应情况。结果：A组患者自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间以及睁眼时间、用药后30minGCS评分均大于C组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;但B、C组之间各项比值无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：参附注射液较参麦注射液更可以促进全身麻醉术后复苏,具有临床应用价值,并且参附注射液中的乌头碱可能是其促进麻醉后复苏的关键成分。     

HPLC测定小活络片中乌头碱的含量

目的：测定小活络片中乌头碱的含量,制定质控标准。方法：采用高效液相色谱法对小活络片中川乌、草乌的主要成分乌头碱进行含量测定。结果：乌头碱进样量在5～50gg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系;（r=0．9999）（n=6）,平均回收率为97．48％,RSD=0．63％（n=6）。结论：该方法精确,重现性好,操作简便,适合于小活络片中乌头碱的含量测定,可以作为小活络片质量控制标准。     

不同采收期的附子中3种乌头碱的含量比较

目的:考察不同采收时间的附子中新乌头碱、次乌头碱和乌头碱的含量。方法:采用高效液相色谱法进行测定,色谱柱为Diamonsil C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相A:乙腈—四氢呋喃(25:15),流动相B:0.1 mol/L醋酸铵溶液,检测波长:λ=235 nm,流速:1 ml/min,柱温:25℃。结果:不同采收时期附子中3种乌头碱的含量发生了明显变化,随着时间(7~9月份)的推移,新乌头碱的含量呈下降趋势,次乌头碱、乌头碱的含量呈上升趋势。结论:方法简单、易行,可为附子的进一步研究提供科学依据。     

Calcium-dependent, sustained enhancement of excitability during washout of aconitine in rat hippocampal slices

 Extracellular recording of the stimulus-evoked population spike was performed in the CA1 area of rat hippocampal slices in order to investigate delayed effects of the plant alkaloids aconitine and veratridine. Veratridine (1 μM and 10 μM) suppressed the orthodromic and antidromic population spike. After washout of the drug, only a partial recovery was obtained. Aconitine (1 μM) exerted the same inhibitory action as veratridine. However, after washout, the spike amplitude was enhanced compared with the control. This enhancement of the spike amplitude was dependent on the concentration of aconitine and was maintained during the observation period of at least 2 h. Lowering the Ca²⁺ concentration of the bathing medium from 2.5 mM to 1.25 mM during application of aconitine attenuated recovery and prevented the enhancement observed during washout of the drug. Application of aconitine in the presence of CdCl₂ as well as in the presence of inhibitors of protein kinase C and Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II prevented the increase in spike amplitude during washout with standard artificial cerebrospinal fluid. In contrast, the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists D-AP5 and MK-801 as well as the non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione were ineffective in abolishing the aconitine-induced enhancement. These data support the conclusion that different modes of action are involved in the effects of aconitine but not veratridine. It is concluded that the aconitine-induced increase in neuronal activity is mediated by intracellular Ca²⁺-dependent mechanisms leading to an activation of Ca²⁺-dependent protein kinases. This effect is independent of Ca²⁺ entrance through NMDA and non-NMDA receptors. Received: 3 July 1996 / Accepted: 14 November 1996     

早搏灵对乌头碱诱导的快速性心律失常大鼠心肌G蛋白含量的影响

目的通过观察早搏灵对乌头碱诱导快速性心律失常大鼠模型心肌Gi蛋白和Gs蛋白含量的影响及心电图变化,探讨其对快速性心律失常的治疗机制。方法将40只健康Wistar大鼠按照随机数字表法分为空白组、模型组、胺碘酮组和早搏灵组4组,各10只。采用经尾静脉注射乌头碱方式,将模型组、胺碘酮组、早搏灵组大鼠成功复制快速性心律失常模型。模型组、空白组予0.9%氯化钠注射液10mL/kg灌服;早搏灵组予34.6mg/mL的早搏灵溶液10mL/kg灌服;胺碘酮组予5.5mg/mL的胺碘酮溶液10mL/kg灌服,连续1周。观察并记录每组大鼠心律失常持续时间,并用免疫蛋白印迹法检测心肌Gi蛋白和Gs蛋白灰度值的变化。结果与模型组比较,早搏灵组、胺碘酮组快速性心律失常持续时间缩短(P<0.05),早搏灵组与胺碘酮组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组、早搏灵组、胺碘酮组Gi蛋白灰度值降低(P<0.05),Gs蛋白灰度值升高(P<0.05)。早搏灵组、胺碘酮组Gi蛋白灰度值高于模型组(P<0.05),Gs蛋白灰度值低于模型组(P<0.05),早搏灵组与胺碘酮组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论早搏灵能有效缩短乌头碱诱导的大鼠快速性心律失常持续时间,升高Gi含量,并且降低Gs含量。     

四川江油附子(Aconitum carmichaeli Debx)脂溶性生物碱的研究

附子是我国常用中药之一,原植物为Aconitum carmichaeli Debx药用部位为侧生块根。陈嬿等曾报道从陕西川乌中分到篍廖谕芳?hypaconitine)、乌头碱(aconitine)、美沙乌头碱(mesaconitine)、塔拉地萨敏(talatisamine)及两个未知成分川乌碱甲(据作者之一朱元龙后来报道,川乌碱甲即为isotalatizidine)和川乌碱乙。又从南京引种的川乌中提取得到美沙乌头碱、海帕乌头碱和乌头碱。近两年来,又有许多文章报道关于Aconitum     

盐酸青藤碱的抗心律失常作用

青藤碱(sinomenine,SIN),有多方面的药理作用,国内已有较系统的药理研究,但至今尚未见其抗心律失常作用的报道。本文在几种动物模型观察了SIN的抗实验性心律失常的效果。