从人才结构理论看护理本科人才培养类型的定位

<正>受高等教育大众化趋势的影响,我国高等护理教育作为高等教育领域的一个组成成分,办学规模也迅速扩展。自1983年我国恢复高等护理教育以来,发展十分迅速,据有关数据统计,至2003年底,     

早期目标导向治疗严重脓毒症的急诊护理研究

目的:通过对脓毒症患者护理效果的指标分析,探讨早期目标导向治疗脓毒症的急诊护理方法。方法:采用历史对照和自身对照,以2004年12月~2007年12月共37例严重脓毒症患者作为对照组,2008年1月~2010年12月共35例严重脓毒症患者作为实验组。对照组接受常规护理操作,实验组实施早期目标导向治疗护理方法。记录两组患者的生命体征、循环系统功能、氧合功能、肾功能变化情况以及28 d的生存率并进行统计学分析。结果:实验组患者的CVP、MAP、ScvO2、PaO2、PaO2/F iO2和每小时尿量均高于对照组,HR和C r含量均低于对照组,两组各指标差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组干预后6 h和干预后12 h与干预前比较,差异也具有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组28 d生存率为40.54%,实验组为68.57%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:早期目标导向治疗的急诊护理可有效减轻脓毒症患者各功能的损害,提高其生存率。对于严重脓毒症患者,早期积极采取系统规范的护理干预具有重要意义。     

Mediating effects of achievement emotions between peer support and learning satisfaction in graduate nursing students

Graduate nursing students experience considerable stress due to their multiple responsibilities, including professional responsibilities, graduate coursework and family commitments. Peer support can help graduate students overcome stress and may heavily influence their learning satisfaction. However, the mechanisms underlying the influence of peer support on learning satisfaction in graduate students remain unclear. Thus, this cross-sectional study examined the relationship between peer support, achievement emotions (learner-specific emotions related to achievement activities) and learning satisfaction, as well as the mediating effects of achievement emotions among 225 graduate nursing students working in the Korean health care system. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing these variables. Pearson correlation was conducted to investigate the relationship between the variables and Baron and Kenny's regression analysis and Sobel test were conducted to examine the mediating effects of achievement emotions. Peer support correlated positively with positive achievement emotions and learning satisfaction and negatively with negative emotions. Positive emotions were positively and negative emotions were negatively, correlated with learning satisfaction. Achievement emotions mediated the relationship between peer support and learning satisfaction. Our findings indicate that peer support plays an important role in improving learning satisfaction, emphasizing the advantages of positive emotions and the disadvantages of negative emotions in graduate nursing students.     

Using personal goal setting to promote the social inclusion of people with intellectual disability living in supported accommodation

Background The social exclusion of persons with intellectual disability is more marked in congregated than in individualised supported accommodation. Goal setting was used as a means of increasing individuals' choices and engaging support staff in personalised planning. Method People living in four different housing and support options were invited to identify up to three ‘social inclusion’ goals they wanted to achieve in the coming months. Nine months later, a review was undertaken to see if their goals had been attained and also to identify what had helped or hindered individuals in doing this. The goal selection was then repeated and reviewed again after a further 9 months. Results The most commonly chosen goals were around social activities with other people and over half the participants were reported to have attained at least one of their goals within 9 months, particularly those in supported living arrangements that had greater hours of individual staff support. In the second 9‐month period, fewer people chose goals, although the same proportion as before were successful. The main reason given for goal attainment was the information and support provided by staff. Conclusions Goal setting seems a suitable way of promoting social inclusion as it can be tailored to the needs and aspirations of individuals, although extra efforts may be needed to implement and sustain it with staff across all accommodation options.     

Goal‐directed behaviors in patients with schizophrenia: Concept relevance and updated model

Goal‐directed behaviors are formulated to pursue a given objective by constructing a plan and selecting actions that lead to the intended goal, either immediately or over an extended period. This concept is important to the study of human behavior because of its involvement in the majority of complex or novel situations that an individual may encounter, regardless of the cognitive, affective, or social abilities required. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate the relevance of goal‐directed behaviors to our understanding of the cognitive deficits and other symptoms associated with schizophrenia. A systematic analysis of this relation may allow us to develop integrative hypotheses regarding positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia rather than consider them to be distinct issues. In this article, we review previous studies of goal‐directed actions in patients with schizophrenia in order to clarify the relevant concepts and provide a theoretical basis for the integration of existing results. Based on available theoretical models and data, we propose an updated model to facilitate further investigation of schizophrenia‐related impairments in goal‐directed behaviors.     

Improving pharmacist-patient communications based on King's theory of goal attainment: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

IntroductionPrevious studies revealed widespread poor communications between pharmacists and patients in various settings. But little is known about how pharmacists communicate with patients and its impact on patient outcomes. King's theory of goal attainment (TGA) describes the dynamic interpersonal interactions in which a patient develops and attains certain goals.This study aims to: (i) test the TGA model in the interface between pharmacists and patients; and (ii) evaluate the effects of TGA-guided interventions.MethodsThe study will be conducted in 30 community pharmacies recruited from three cities in China's Hubei province. It will start with a baseline cross-sectional survey on 640 patients to test the hypothesized TGA model in community pharmacies. An intervention program will then be developed based on the TGA model and will be evaluated in a matched-pair cluster randomized trial. The participating pharmacies will be pair-matched and randomly allocated to an intervention group and a control group. Pharmacists in the intervention group will receive three sessions of training in line with the TGA model over one year, compared with a pharmaceutical training program in the control group without a communication component. A double-blind procedure will apply. Changes in patient experience in communications and pharmaceutical care will be analyzed.Ethics and dissemination:The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (IORG: IORG 0003571).Trial registrationChiCTR1800014679.     

吉林辽宁两省18年来的目标设置对突发公共卫生事件应急工作落实情况的关联研究

目的本研究立足于项目组前期研究的成果上，积极探索吉林辽宁两省目标设置水平的差异，并进一步探究受目标设置影响下的工作落实结果情况，探讨产生差异的原因。 方法以系统穷尽的方式收集吉林辽宁两省2000至2017年有关目标与工作落实情况的指标，利用Spearman相关和线性回归分析吉林辽宁两省目标设置对于突发应急工作落实情况的影响。 结果吉林辽宁两省突发应急领域的目标设置水平与工作落实情况总体均呈现上升趋势，截至2017年，吉林目标设置水平与工作落实情况分别为46%与60%，辽宁为60%与53.3%，且目标设置水平与工作落实呈正相关。 结论有公众需要为依据且定量可考的目标设置对于工作落实、推进、完善具有积极的正反馈作用，建立科学量化的突发应急目标设置评价体系是适宜可行的。     

中国骨科的过去与现在--在第四届华裔骨科学术大会上的卓越成就特别演讲

中国骨科起源于医学的两大支，即祖国(传统)医学和西方医学。在二十世纪上半叶，孟继懋(北京)、牛惠生(上海)、方先之(天津)等人对中国现代骨科的创建作出了贡献。1937年成立了中华医学会骨科学组，1980年中华医学会骨科分会成立。中国骨科发展的主要成就包括断肢(指)再植、足趾移植再造拇指手指，神经移位治疗臂丛撕脱伤，国产关节置换假体的研制及关节置换技术，严重脊柱侧弯的手术治疗与特发脊柱侧弯分类，骨肿瘤的手术治疗及骨巨细胞瘤的研究等。     

规培期护士情绪智力与成就动机的相关性研究

目的探讨三级医院规范化培训期护士的情绪智力与成就动机的相关性。方法对某市3所三级医院460名护士进行一般资料问卷、情绪智力量表、成就动机量表调查。结果情绪智力与成就动机呈正相关。结论管理者通过培养护士的情绪智力来提高成就动机水平,提高护士不断学习的能力。