黄柏与五倍子抗菌活性物对肠球菌抑菌效果

目的探讨高速逆流色谱(HSCCC)法提纯黄柏与五倍子配伍抗菌活性物质对粪肠球菌体外抑茵效果的影响。方法选择150株临床分离野生粪肠球菌株,随机分为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组,每组各50株,均配制成2000cfu/ml~3000cfu/ml的菌液。黄柏与五倍子配伍药做成中药煎剂,配制成浓度成1g/ml为A药液,高速逆流色谱法提纯黄柏与五倍子配伍抗菌活性物质,配制成浓度成1g/ml为B药液;Ⅰ组将粪肠球菌液涂到用A药液与M-H培养基混合的培养基上,Ⅱ组将粪肠球菌液涂到用B药液与M-H培养基混合的药液培养基上,Ⅲ组将粪肠球菌液涂到M-H培养基上,上述培养基均贴上环丙沙星(CIP)、红霉素(ERY)、四环素(TE)、青霉素(PEN)、氯林可霉素(ClE)、苯唑青霉素(OXA)和克拉霉素(CLA)药敏纸,并观察培养基药敏情况。结果Ⅰ组的CIP、ERY、TE、PEN、ClE、OXA和CLA耐药率分别为26%、40%、36%、30%、42%、38%和24%,Ⅱ组Ⅲ组为10%、26%、14%、8%、18%、24%、4%,和76%、92%、100%、88%、96%、90%、60%,对CIP、ERY、TE、PEN、ClE、OXA和CLA耐药率ⅢⅠ组Ⅱ组,三组之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高速逆流色谱法提纯黄柏与五倍子配伍抗菌活性物质对临床分离的粪肠球菌菌株具有较强的抑菌活性,其抑茵作用比黄柏与五倍子配伍药做成中药煎剂强。     

Pharmaco-MEG evidence for attention related hyper-connectivity between auditory and prefrontal cortices in ADHD

The ability to attend to particular stimuli while ignoring others is crucial in goal-directed activities and has been linked with prefrontal cortical regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Both hyper- and hypo-activation in the DLPFC has been reported in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during many different cognitive tasks, but the network-level effects of such aberrant activity remain largely unknown. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we examined functional connectivity between regions of the DLPFC and the modality-specific auditory cortices during an auditory attention task in medicated and un-medicated adults with ADHD, and those without ADHD. Participants completed an attention task in two separate sessions (medicated/un-medicated), and each session consisted of two blocks (attend and no-attend). All MEG data were coregistered to structural MRI, corrected for head motion, and projected into source space. Subsequently, we computed the phase coherence (i.e., functional connectivity) between DLPFC regions and the auditory cortices. We found that un-medicated adults with ADHD exhibited greater phase coherence in the beta (14–30 Hz) and gamma frequency (30–56 Hz) range in attend and no-attend conditions compared to controls. Stimulant medication attenuated these differences, but did not fully eliminate them. These results suggest that aberrant bottom-up processing may engulf executive resources in ADHD.     

核桃楸皮化学成分的鉴定及其抗肝癌活性成分筛选

目的：鉴定核桃楸皮的化学成分,并对其进行体外抗肝癌活性成分筛选。方法采用75％乙醇回流法提取核桃楸皮,经分级萃取、硅胶柱层析及制备型高效液相色谱分析等方法得到单体化合物,通过化合物的理化性质及核磁共振技术鉴定化合物成分;采用MTT法评价其体外抗肝癌活性。结果从核桃楸皮中分离得到2种黄酮类化合物,经鉴定分别为木犀草素和刺芒柄花素。 MTT检测结果表明,木犀草素对肝癌细胞HepG2和正常肝细胞LO2都有一定的毒性作用,IC50分别为（103．32±21．34）、（131．13±13．48）μmol/L;刺芒柄花素对肝癌细胞HepG2的毒性作用较小,其IC50＞200μmol/L。结论核桃楸皮含2种黄酮类化合物：木犀草素和刺芒柄花素,其中木犀草素具有明显的抗肝癌作用。     

Effects of combined theta burst stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on stress

ObjectiveResearch suggests that the combination of different non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), could enhance the effects of stimulation. Studies investigating the combination of tDCS and iTBS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are lacking. In this within-subjects study, we evaluated the additive effects of iTBS with tDCS on psychophysiological measures of stress.MethodSixty-eight healthy individuals were submitted to a _bifrontaltDCS + iTBS and _shamtDCS + iTBS protocol targeting the DLPFC with a one-week interval. The Maastricht Acute Stress Test was used to activate the stress system after stimulation. Stress reactivity and recovery were assessed using physiological and self-report measures.ResultsThe stressor evoked significant psychophysiological changes in both stimulation conditions. However, no evidence was found for differences between them in stress reactivity and recovery. Participants reported more pain and feelings of discomfort to the _bifrontaltDCS + iTBS protocol.ConclusionIn this study set-up, iTBS plus tDCS was not superior to iTBS in downregulating stress in healthy subjects.SignificanceThere is no evidence for an effect of combined tDCS-iTBS of the DLPFC on stress according to the parameters employed in our study. Future studies should explore other stimulation parameters, additive approaches and/or neurobiological markers.     

Surgical closure and reconstruction of a large occipital encephalocele without parenchymal excision

Introduction Encephalomeningocele is a herniation of the brain and meninges through a congenital bone defect resulting from the failure of normal midline fusion of the cranial neural tube. Various sites are possible; however, among Caucasians more than 70% of encephaloceles are located on the occipital/posterior part of the cranium. Usually they contain degenerative cerebral cortex, which is often excised during surgical closure of the defect. Techniques to preserve the herniated brain tissue have been described, but they focus on increasing the intracranial cavity by ventriculomegaly and retracting the encephalocele into new intracranial space in a second stage, as a result of hydrocephalic treatment.Technical report The authors report a well-documented newborn with a large encephalocystocele of the left occipital lobe. This encephalocele included the left lateral ventricle and a part of the cerebellum, and was covered with allopathic skin. Initially the cystic portion was removed so that a partial reduction of the encephalocystocele was achieved. Six months later, the surgical closure of the defect was performed, with preservation of the occipital and cerebellar parenchyma, by incising the tentorium and retracting the cortex to the newly created infratentorial space. The bony defect was covered with autologous osseous graft harvested from parietal bone and reconstructed.Outcome In the long-term follow-up after 13 years, the child has preserved visual function.     

牡丹皮化学成分的液相色谱-飞行时间串联质谱分析

目的分析牡丹皮中的化学成分。方法应用优化的高效液相色谱-质谱联用方法对牡丹皮供试品进行分析。结果较好地分离了单萜苷、鞣质和酚酮类等38种化学成分。在负离子检测模式下，由电喷雾质谱得到各成分的准分子离子峰，再根据串联飞行时间质谱获得进一步的结构信息，推测出其中38种主要成分的可能结构。并对牡丹皮中主要化学成分的质谱裂解规律进行了分析。结论本方法能快速检测牡丹皮的化学成分。     

几味抗癌中药致突变性研究

目的：观察五加皮、茯苓、猪苓和山慈菇的遗传毒性。方法：应用活体小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞核试验（ＭＮＴ）和小鼠精子畸形试验。结果：五加皮各剂量所致的微核率和精子畸形率均低于正常对照组，分别为Ｐ＞００５，Ｐ＜００１。茯苓和猪苓各剂量所致的微核率和精子畸形率与正常对照组比较，无明显差异（Ｐ＞００５）。山慈菇诱发的微核率明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：五加皮、茯苓和猪苓对体细胞及生殖细胞均无诱变损伤作用。山慈菇具有致突变性