Finger-Sucking in Children A Study of Incidence and Occlusal Conditions

In this examination of predominantly 12-year old children the overall incidence of finger-suckers was 30.7 per cent. The habit had been given up by 17.4 per cent before school age, while 1.9 per cent still had this habit at the time of the study. Prolonged finger-sucking was more common in girls than in boys. The overall incidence of nail-biters was 26.6 per cent. Finger-sucking and nail-biting habits showed a tendency of coinciding. Orthodontic treatment had been received by 13.4 per cent of the children.

The investigation showed that the finger-sucking habit had led to a decreased overbite and an increased overjet, but no postnormal molar relation. No obvious improvement of finger-sucking anomalies could be shown after the habit had been given up, when this had persisted until the age of 12-14 years.     

Keller手术治疗外翻疗效分析

目的 观察Keller手术治疗(足母)外翻疗效。方法 对我院1978年1月-1995年12月间因(足母)外翻住院并行了Keller矫形术的病人进行随访,共随访到70例(118足)有效病人。术后时间为5～24年,平均9年,对(足母)趾及前足部症状改善,畸形矫正程度,足趾功能及术后各种并发症进行统计和分析,同时通过负重足印观察比较Keller矫形术对前足负重点的影响。结果Keller手术后病人(足母)趾及前足症状改善,(足母)外翻及叠趾畸形、矫正满意者98足,手术优良率为83％。并发症主要为(足母)趾麻木,(足母)外翻复发或未矫正,(足母)内翻,(足母)抓地力量弱,第二趾屈曲挛缩等,部分病人需要再次手术。结论 Keller手术通过(足母)跖近节趾骨截骨及(足母)跖趾关节成形,以达到(足母)外翻矫正的目的。对年龄较大、(足母)外翻严重,或同时合并(足母)跖趾关节骨关节炎的患者是一个较好的治疗方法。近节趾骨截骨是手术成功的关键。     

Down Syndrome with Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect,Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy,and Pulmonary Vein Stenosis

The prevalence of congenital heart disease in infants with Down syndrome is 40%, compared with 0.3% in children who have normal chromosomes. Atrioventricular and ventricular septal defects are often associated with chromosomal aberrations, such as in trisomy 21, whereas hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is chiefly thought to be secondary to specific gene mutations. We found only one reported case of congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and atrioventricular septal defect in an infant with Down syndrome. Here, we report atrioventricular septal defect, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary vein stenosis in a neonate with Down syndrome—an apparently unique combination. In addition, we discuss the relevant medical literature.     

第1跖列稳定术联合第2-5跖骨头切除术治疗晚期类风湿关节炎前足畸形

目的:介绍第1跖列稳定联合第2-5跖骨头切除术治疗晚期类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)前足畸形的手术方式并对中短期临床疗效进行评价。方法:2006年10月至2010年8月收治的晚期RA前足畸形97例患者进行回顾性分析。其中,男9例,女88例;单足65例,双足32例;年龄36～67岁,平均54岁;病程6～32年,平均17年。所有病例存在严重的拇外翻同时合并第1跖跗关节不稳,第2-5跖趾关节脱位及僵硬。采用第1跖列稳定联合第2-5跖趾关节成形术对其进行治疗。通过影像学资料测量拇外翻角(Hallux valgus angle,HVA),跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA),并采用JSSF(Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot)评分对临床疗效进行评估。结果:97例患者中失访5例(7足),平均随访37个月(6～52个月),其中1例术后1年因急性心肌梗死死亡。术前JSSF评分(33.2±8.2)分,末次随访时改善至(67.3±3.1)分(P<0.01);HVA由术前(50.0±11.8)°纠正至术后(21.2±3.2)°(P<0.01);IMA由术前(15.5±3.6)°纠正至术后(9.7±6.6)°(P<0.01)。发生跖趾关节骨不连4足;术后8～11月摄片发现第1楔骨内高密度改变3足;出现拇内侧切口延迟愈合9足;跖趾关节内固定感染2足;跖跗关节内固定感染1足;第2-5跖趾关节术后16足畸形复发。结论:晚期RA患者的前足病变涉及范围广,畸形严重。采用第1跖趾关节融合联合Lapidus术式重建第1跖列的外形及稳定性,跖骨头切除术纠正第2-5跖趾关节畸形的方式重建前足疗效可靠。该术式适用于重度拇外翻合并IMA增大及第1跖跗关节不稳,同时存在第2-5跖趾关节僵硬性半脱位的患者。     

组合性手术治疗脊柱裂后遗踝足畸形

目的:探讨脊柱裂后遗踝足畸形的外科治疗策略以及不同踝足的畸形手术组合方法及其疗效。方法:回顾性分析1990年1月至2009年7月收治的107例脊柱裂后遗踝足部畸形患者的病例资料。其中男44例,女63例;年龄1.3～52岁,平均17.7岁;双踝足畸形58例,单侧49例(左侧22例,右侧27例)。马蹄足畸形类99足,行跟腱延长及肌腱移位术;跟行足畸形类25足,行踝前肌腱松解及肌腱移位术;内外翻足畸形类17足,行肌腱移位及跟骨截骨术;连枷足畸形15足,行跟距关节融合及跟腱短缩术;爪形趾畸形9足,行趾间关节融合或Ilizarov技术牵拉矫正。采用AOFAS综合评分系统从主观疼痛感觉、客观功能检查等方面评定疗效。结果:107例中79例127足获得随访,时间48～180个月,平均64个月。根据AOFAS综合评分系统,结果优89足,良26足,中9足,差3足。结论:脊柱裂踝足畸形外科治疗策略包括矫正畸形、平衡肌力、稳定关节和保留足的弹性4个基本原则。针对不同类型足畸形,采用相应的组合性手术方案进行治疗,不但可以有效的矫正畸形,而且能改善患者的行走功能,获得满意的疗效。     

3D磁敏感加权成像在脑静脉畸形诊断中的初步应用研究

目的：评价3D磁敏感加权成像（Susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI）对脑静脉（窦）的显示能力.并评价3D SWI在脑静脉畸形（Cerebral venous malformation,CVM）诊断中的应用价值.方法：选取20例健康志愿者,行头颅3.0T磁共振T1WI、T2WI及3D SWI检查.根据静脉血管显示情况将其分为0～3共4级,评价T1WI、T2WI及SWI中预设的各解剖区域的脑静脉血管图像质量,分析三者之间的统计学差异.回顾分析30例CVM患者的磁共振图像（常规MRI平扫（包括T1WI、T2WI）、3D SWI及T1WI增强）.根据静脉畸形血管显示情况将其分为0～3共4级,评价常规MRI平扫、SWI及增强扫描对CVM的显示情况,分析三者之间的统计学差异.结果：20例健康志愿者,对静脉窦（直窦、上矢状窦、下矢状窦、横窦、乙状窦）、大脑大静脉等较粗大静脉系统的显示,SWI与T1WI及T2WI基本一致,差异无明显统计学意义（P＞0.05）.对大脑深部静脉（大脑内静脉、基底静脉）及细小引流静脉（丘脑纹状体静脉、透明隔静脉、岛静脉）的显示,SWI优于T1WI及T2WI,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.30例CVM患者,常规MRI平扫、SWI及T1WI增强扫描对CVM的显示有明显统计学差异（P＜0.05）,进一步行两两比较分析,SWI与T1WI增强序列之间的差异无明显统计学意义（P＞0.05）,对CVM均获得了较好的显示效果;这两组序列均优于常规MRI平扫,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,对于病灶的细节显示SWI优于T1WI增强.结论：SWI是显示脑静脉较为敏感、可行、有效的方法,可作为常规序列用于了解脑静脉系统情况.SWI对CVM高度敏感,可替代MRI增强作为诊断CVM的首选检查.     

The Small-Intestinal Mucosa in Patients with Crohn's Disease Assessed by Scanning Electron and Light Microscopy

Small-intestinal mucosal biopsy specimens obtained by a Watson capsule were, assessed by light (LM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy in 18 patients with various sites of Crohn's disease and in 6 healthy controls. By means of LM. partial villous atrophy of the upper small-intestinal mucosa was assessed in six patients. With the use of SEM a further seven patients were shown to have mucosal abnormalities of possible clinical significance. These specimens showed a convoluted villous pattern at low-power SEM and some also enterocyte irregularity, bulging, and surface ultrastructural distortion at medium- and high-power SEM. The medium- and high-power mucosal alterations were unevenly distributed. The high prevalence of abnormalities of the upper small-intestinal mucosa in patients with Crohn's disease elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract adds further weight to the concept of a diffuse involvement along the entire gastrointestinal tract in Crohn's disease.     

胎儿泌尿系畸形的产前超声诊断分析

为了提高小儿泌尿外科的诊治水平，报告应用Ｂ超检出胎儿泌尿系畸形１９例，均经尸解或产后手术证实。其中肾积水１０例，双肾发育不良４例，多囊肾２例，单侧肾多发囊肿２例，孤立肾并肾囊肿１例。对各种畸形的声像图特征及产前诊断的意义进行了讨论。认为，妊娠中晚期，胎儿肾盂分离值大于１．５ｃｍ时，一般可诊断肾积水；而在妊娠早期，胎儿肾盂分离值应与相应孕周的正常值进行比较，如大于相应孕周正常值，虽绝对值未超过１．５ｃｍ，亦应列为动态观察对象，定期复查，以便早期确诊。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of patellofemoral relationships

Patellofemoral relationships were analyzed in 11 patients (13 knees) with patellar dislocation and 15 asymptomatic subjects (15 knees) at 0° and 20° of flexion. The measurements were made from five consecutive axial images through the patellofemoral joint. The six indices measured were lateral patellar tilt (LPT), lateral patellofemoral angle (LPA), lateral patellar displacement (LPD), patella-lateral condyle index (L/PW), congruence angle (CA), and sulcus angle (SA). The reproducibility of the method was evaluated. The difference between the two study groups was more evident at 0° than at 20° of knee flexion. Significant differences were noted between measurements made at different levels of the joint, particularly in the controls. Isometric contraction of the quadriceps muscle lateralized and tilted the patella slightly in both groups. L/PW with and without quadriceps muscle contraction, and LPA with reference to the anterior condyles differentiated between the two study groups most clearly. LPT and LPA with reference to the anterior condyles differentiated the study groups better than LPT and LPA with reference to the posterior condyles. The reproducibility was good except for inter-observer comparison of CA and SA. The use of an imaging plane selected at the midpoint of the patellar articular cartilage increases the sensitivity of the measurements, since it takes into account both the height of the patella and the tendency towards lateralization. These results indicate that patellar tilt is best measured with the LPA index and patellar lateralization with the L/PW index at 0° knee flexion. This study should always include isometric contraction of the quadriceps muscle.     

^147Pm在睾丸的滞留诱发生殖毒性的研究

对~(147)Pm在睾丸的滞留诱发生殖毒性进行了研究。观察到~(147)Pm在睾丸内的滞留方程为:R(t)=0.1872e~(0.00661),其滞留半减期达105天,可见其在睾丸中呈持续性蓄积,很难排除。其诱发精原细胞染色体畸变,则以染色单体型畸变为主。对初级精母细胞可产生染色体断片和易位,出现多价体。~(147)Pm可诱发精子畸形,主要呈现无钩精子。并可引起活胎率下降,胚胎吸收数增加,而其诱发骨骼畸形的发生率则与睾丸中~(147)Pm的累积吸收剂量呈正相关。