Occurrence of Conotruncal Heart Birth Defects in Texas: A Comparison of Urban/Rural Classifications

Purpose: (1) Determine if there is an association between 3 conotruncal heart birth defects and urban/rural residence of mother. (2) Compare results using different methods of measuring urban/rural status. Methods: Data were taken from the Texas Birth Defects Registry, 1999-2003. Poisson regression was used to compare crude and adjusted birth prevalence. Findings: Based on residences of births in Texas, the values for urban influence code (UIC), rural urban continuum code (RUCC), and rural urban commuting area (RUCA) were highly correlated with each other and, less highly, to percentage of land in crops. For tetralogy of Fallot, the most rural category consistently showed the highest prevalence ratio for all measures. The adjusted prevalence ratio for highest percentage cropland was 1.73 [95% CI, 1.14-2.51] using natural breaks and 1.42 [95% CI, 1.07-1.86] using quartiles. The trend with cropland percentage was significant (P < .03), whether crude or adjusted. The crude trend was also significant using RUCC. Neither truncus arteriosus nor transposition of the great arteries exhibited consistent associations with urban or rural residence. Conclusions: The urban/rural measures were generally correlated with each other; as a broad measure, RUCA has advantages for many health studies. Tetralogy of Fallot was most prevalent in rural areas; that pattern was strongest using percentage of land in crops.     

耳模矫正器治疗先天性耳廓形态畸形疗效

目的　评价EarWell耳模矫正器治疗新生儿耳廓形态畸形的疗效。方法　对24例（28耳）耳廓形态畸形新生儿行EarWell耳模矫正器治疗,治疗后1个月分别由医师和家长作疗效评价。结果　所有患儿成功接受治疗,无严重并发症,25耳（89%）被医师评价为满意及很满意,26耳（92%）被家长评价为满意及很满意。结论　EarWell耳模矫正器 是一种无创治疗手段,能有效矫正新生儿耳廓形态畸形。     

婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤和脉管畸形的诊断和治疗

皮肤血管瘤和脉管畸形是婴幼儿的常见疾病。但长期以来分类标准不统一，导致干预措施各异，无从评价干预效果。国际血管性疾病研究协会最新的分类方法将脉管病变分为有内皮细胞异常增生的血管瘤和只有管腔扩张的脉管畸形。同时又将血管瘤根据其起病时间和组织病理的不同表现进行进一步分类。根据这种分类方法介绍最常见的婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤和脉管畸形的临床表现、组织学表现及相应的干预措施。     

胎儿畸形产前超声诊断390例分析

目的：分析产前超声在胎儿畸形诊断中的临床价值,提高产前超声诊断水平。方法对我院自2009年9月至2014年5月经超声诊断的390例胎儿畸形进行回顾分析。结果单系统畸形268例,涉及中枢神经系统、泌尿系统、消化系统、颈部、胸部、胎儿水肿、胸腹壁、骨骼等,多系统畸形8例,此外有5例本院超声检查结果有漏诊及误诊。结论产前超声诊断安全有效,是检出胎儿畸形的可靠方法。     

超声诊断胎儿完全性心内膜垫缺损伴双侧脉络丛囊肿1例

孕妇,孕26+5周,接受常规产前超声检查.超声检查:羊水最大暗区深度9.3 cm,透声可.胎儿颅骨呈椭圆形光环,脑中线居中,侧脑室后角内径约0.92 cm.双侧脑室内分别可见大小约1.5 cm×0.9 cm和0.9 cm×0.6 cm的圆形无回声区,边界清.     

成人环状胰腺上消化道造影和CT表现1例

患者女,56岁,1个月前出现呕吐,排便、排气不畅.查体:腹部压痛阴性.外院胃镜示:距门齿约110 cm处十二指肠降部狭窄,狭窄上方明显扩张,于狭窄下方取活检,质硬、无弹性.     

超声诊断复杂心脏畸形心室襻及心室手型

目的 分析不同类型复杂先天性心脏病(先心病)心室襻的图像特征,探讨应用超声心动图判定心室襻或心室手型的方法学及价值。方法 回顾性分析45例复杂先心病患者的超声图像,包括右心室双出口7例,完全型大动脉转位5例,矫正型大动脉转位11例,解剖矫正型大动脉异位2例,单心室15例,十字交叉心4例和楼上楼下心室1例。全部病例均由外科手术或CT检查证实。结果 7例右心室双出口中,心室右襻4例,心室左襻3例。5例完全型大动脉转位均为心室右襻。11例矫正型大动脉转位患者中,心室右襻1例,心室左襻10例。2例解剖矫正型大动脉异位患者均为心室右襻。15例单心室患者中,心室右襻8例,心室左襻4例,心室不定襻3例。4例十字交叉心和1例楼上楼下心室中,右手型心室3例,左手型心室2例。结论 超声心动图对复杂先心病的心室襻或手型定位具有重要价值,超声判定心室手型可以帮助分析复杂的心室构型。     

胎儿四肢畸形超声检查方法与技巧

目的总结胎儿四肢畸形的超声检查方法与技巧。方法对产前超声诊断及引产后证实的29例四肢畸形胎儿的声像图特点及胎儿四肢超声检查方法与技巧进行总结分析。结果超声显示29例胎儿肢体畸形图像清晰,采用逐段有序扫查、把握检查时机,利用胎儿体位变化、多切面观察检出胎儿软骨发育不良7例,左下肢及右手畸形1例,手及足畸形2例,右上肢远端及手缺如1例,桡骨发育不全3例,并指1例,多指2例,右股骨、胫腓骨弯曲1例,左胫腓骨短及足畸形1例,足内翻9例,足外翻1例。其中羊水过多1例;合并其他畸形4例。结论胎儿肌肉骨骼系统畸形及肢体畸形产前超声检查中长骨发育异常较易诊断,四肢远端是检查的难点、重点,易发生漏诊、误诊。超声检查注重方法与技巧的应用有助于提高胎儿肢体畸形的检出率。     

小儿麻痹后遗成年人骨盆倾斜的分型和术式选择

目的 提出小儿麻痹后遗成年人骨盆倾斜的新分型,依据不同类型探讨手术适应证和选择简单有效的手术方式。方法 报告 56例小儿麻痹后遗成年人骨盆倾斜,根据患者致畸原因、步态和骨盆 X线片特征,将骨盆倾斜分为两型三类,应用六种手术方法予以矫正。结果 术后随访 10个月～ 6年 8个月,平均 2年 4个月。完全矫正者 11例,大部分矫正者 45例,平均矫正率 78.3％。结论 小儿麻痹后遗的成年人骨盆倾斜,不是每例患者皆适合手术治疗,新的分型有利于指导选择正确的手术方法,提高治疗效果。     

Anatomy of the subtalar joint and imaging of talo-calcaneal coalition

Talo-calcaneal coalitions may be intra-articular or extra-articular in position and may be classified as fibrous, cartilaginous or osseous in morphology. Fibrous coalitions, particularly extra-articular talo-calcaneal coalitions, may have cross-sectional imaging findings that resemble normal anatomic variants, particularly the medial talo-calcaneal ligament and to a lesser extent the presence of an accessory articular facet between the posterior margin of the sustentaculum and postero-medial process of the talus. Typically, in the adult fibrous coalition, there will be some osseous deformity at the entheses, allowing differentiation from a medial talo-calcaneal ligament. The anatomy of the subtalar joint and its ligamentous supports, normal anatomic variations and their corresponding imaging appearance are reviewed in the first part of this article. In the second part, the various forms of talo-calcaneal coalition and their imaging appearance are reviewed.