Treatment of pediatric Ogilvie＇s syndrome with low-dose erythromycin： A case report

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction is a poorly understood syndrome, characterized by the signs, symptoms and radiological pattern of a large bowel obstruction without evidence for a mechanical obstruction. We report a case of a 2-year old boy who presented with progressive abdominal distention, vomiting and abdominal pain on postoperative d 3. Plain abdominal X-ray showed markedly dilated large bowel. Mechanical colonic obstruction was ruled out with hypaque enema. Ogilvie＇s syndrome was suspected. The patient received treatment with oral erythromycin which had an immediate beneficial effect. During the 6 mo follow-up, no recurrences of symptoms were observed. We provide a safe and effective therapy for Ogilvie＇s syndrome in pediatric individuals.     

Molecularly defined adult-type hypolactasia among working age people with reference to milk consumption and gastrointestinal symptoms

AIM: To study milk consumption and subjective milk- related symptoms in adults genotyped for adult-type hypolactasia. METHODS: A total of 1900 Finnish adults were genotyped for the C/T-13910 variant of adult-type hypolactasia and filled in a structured questionnaire concerning milk consumption and gastrointestinal problems. RESULTS: The C/C-13910 genotype of adult-type hypolactasia was present in 18% of the study population. The prevalence of the C/C-13910 genotype was higher among subjects who were undergoing investigations because of abdominal symptoms (24%, P < 0.05). Those with the C/C-13910 genotype drank less milk than subjects with either the C/T-13910 or the T/T-13910 genotype of lactase persistence (18% vs 38%; 18% vs 36%, P < 0.01). Subjects with the C/C-13910 genotype had experienced more gastrointestinal symptoms (84%) during the preceding three-month period than those with the C/T-13910 (79%, P < 0.05) or the T/T-13910 genotype (78 %, P < 0.05). Only 9% (29/338) of the subjects with the C/C-13910 genotype consumed milk and reported no symptoms from it.CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal symptoms are more common among adults with the C/C-13910 genotype of adult-type hypolactasia than in those with genotypes of lactase persistence.     

80岁以上患者腹部手术的围手术期护理

目的探讨80岁以上超高龄外科患者的围手术期处理问题和术后护理措施。方法对102例80岁以上超高龄腹部外科手术患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果100例治愈出院,术后并发症的发生率为55．9％（55／102）,术后死亡2例。结论80岁以上超高龄外科手术患者各器官功能下降、并存病多,手术风险极大。加强对并存病的治疗和心脑血管病意外的预防,尽可能改做择期手术大都可取得满意的治疗效果。     

Morbid Obesity Causes Chronic Increase of Intraabdominal Pressure

Intraabdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartment syndrome are known to deleteriously affect a wide array of organ systems. We retrospectively reviewed 62 women who underwent either laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery or adjustable gastric banding. Their age, body mass index (BMI), and race were known. Their opening abdominal pressure was recorded by connecting a Verress needle to a pressure monitor. Linear regression was used to assess the contribution of age, race, and BMI to the observed variation in opening abdominal pressure. Neither variation in age or race explained the variation in opening pressure (P > .05). By contrast, variation in BMI explained 8% of the observed variation in opening pressure (P < .05). For every 1 kg/mm² increase in BMI, there was on average a 0.07 mm Hg increase in opening pressure. Increases in BMI are associated with increases in intraabdominal pressure.     

Contrast-Enhanced Abdominal Angiographic CT for Intra-abdominal Tumor Embolization: A New Tool for Vessel and Soft Tissue Visualization

C-Arm cone-beam computed tomography (CACT), is a relatively new technique that uses data acquired with a flat-panel detector C-arm angiography system during an interventional procedure to reconstruct CT-like images. The purpose of this Technical Note is to present the technique, feasibility, and added value of CACT in five patients who underwent abdominal transarterial chemoembolization procedures. Target organs for the chemoembolizations were kidney, liver, and pancreas and a liposarcoma infiltrating the duodenum. The time for patient positioning, C-arm and system preparation, CACT raw data acquisition, and data reconstruction for a single CACT study ranged from 6 to 12 min. The volume data set produced by the workstation was interactively reformatted using maximum intensity projections and multiplanar reconstructions. As part of an angiography system CACT provided essential information on vascular anatomy, therapy endpoints, and immediate follow-up during and immediately after the abdominal interventions without patient transfer. The quality of CACT images was sufficient to influence the course of treatment. This technology has the potential to expedite any interventional procedure that requires three-dimensional information and navigation.     

Multidetector computed tomography of the renal arteries in vascular emergencies

Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has drastically changed the diagnostic imaging protocol in both traumatic and non-traumatic vascular emergencies, replacing almost completely the traditional primary role of catheter angiography. MDCT is a well-established tool for the elective evaluation of stenoses, malformations, and dysplasias in the settings of renovascular hypertension, but probably less used in the settings of acute traumatic and non-traumatic clinical situations. The aim of this review is to define the role of MDCT in renal arteries emergencies.     

Infectious mononucleosis manifested as a cecal mass

An 11-year-old boy presented with symptoms of periappendiceal abscess. At laparotomy, a tumor-like mass involving the ileocecal mesentery and adjacent part of the cecum and covered by the omentum was found. A right hemicolectomy was performed, followed by primary ileocolic anastomosis. On histologic examination, the tumor-like mass proved to be a lymph node block pushing the adjacent wall of the cecum. The overall histologic and immunophenotypic findings were consistent with (a) abnormal immune lesion mimicking lymphomatous process because of infection by Epstein-Barr virus and (b) extensive acute inflammatory infiltration of the cecum and adjacent tissues.     

Uninfected Para-Anastomotic Aneurysms after Infrarenal Aortic Grafting

Purpose

This single-institution retrospective review examines the management of uninfected para-anastomotic aneurysms of the abdominal aorta (PAAA), developed after infrarenal grafting.

Materials and Methods

From October 1979 to November 2005, 31 PAAA were observed in our Department. Twenty-six uninfected PAAA of degenerative etiology, including 24 false and 2 true aneurysms, were candidates for intervention and retrospectively included in our database for management and outcome evaluation. Six (23%) patients were treated as emergencies. Surgery included tube graft interposition (n = 12), new reconstruction (n = 8), and graft removal with extra-anatomic bypass (n = 3). Endovascular management (n = 3) consisted of free-flow tube endografts.

Results

The mortality rate among the elective and emergency cases was 5% and 66.6%, respectively (p = 0.005). The morbidity rate in elective cases was 57.8%, whereas 75% in emergency cases (p = 0.99). The survival rate during the follow-up was significantly higher for elective cases than for emergency cases.

Conclusion

Uninfected PAAA is a late complication of aortic grafting, tends to evolve silently and is difficult to diagnose. The prevalence is underestimated and increases with time since surgery. The mortality rate is higher among patients treated as an emergency than among patients who undergo elective surgery, therefore, elective treatment and aggressive management in the case of pseudoaneurysm are the keys to obtain a good outcome. Endovascular treatment could reduce mortality. Patients who undergo infrarenal aortic grafting require life-long surveillance after surgery.     

床旁超声对闭合性腹部实质性脏器损伤的诊断价值

目的探讨床旁超声诊断闭合性腹部实质性脏器损伤的价值。方法对150例腹部闭合性损伤的患者进行床旁超声检查,并与CT及临床手术结果进行对照分析。结果 150例患者中106例确诊为腹部实质性脏器损伤,床旁超声检查的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为91.51%、90.91%和91.33%,CT检查的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为97.17%、95.45%和96.67%,两种诊断方法比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论床旁超声对腹部实质性脏器损伤的诊断有较高的符合率,是诊断腹部实质性脏器损伤最简便、有效的方法。     

腹针治疗颈椎病临床随机对照研究的系统评价

目的:对腹针治疗颈椎病临床随机对照研究进行疗效与方法学质量评价,了解腹针治疗颈椎病的现况、临床疗效的真实程度及可应用性.方法:电子检索PubMed数据库、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)及万方中华医学会期刊数据库,在排除重复、无具体诊断标准及非随机等对照研究后,筛选出符合纳入标准的随机对照研...