原发性肝癌患者介入治疗前后血清TNF-α、SIL-2R水平检测的临床意义

目的　分析 36例原发性肝癌患者介入治疗前后血清 TNF-α和 SIL - 2 R含量的变化。方法　采用放射免疫法测定血清 TNF- α含量 ,EL ISA法检测 SIL- 2 R含量 ,并以 35名正常健康人作对照。结果　介入治疗前血 TNF- α和 SIL- 2 R含量明显地高于正常人组水平 ( P<0 .0 1) ,介入治疗后 6个月复发者 TNF- α、SIL- 2 R水平持续异常 ,未复发者 TNF-α、SIL - 2 R水平恢复正常。结论　观察患者的免疫功能变化对原发性肝癌患者的病情和预后密切相关     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体与上皮性卵巢癌发展

目的　探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)及其受体 (KDR)与上皮性卵巢癌发展的关系。方法　用免疫组化方法检测 4 5例人上皮性卵巢癌中VEGF及KDR的表达 ,分析VEGF及KDR表达与卵巢癌FIGO分期、淋巴结转移及预后的关系。结果　 4 5例上皮性卵巢癌中 ,VEGF、KDR表达阳性率分别为 73.3% (33/ 4 5 )、5 7.8% (2 6 / 4 5 )。Ⅲ～Ⅳ期卵巢癌VEGF表达阳性率 (94 .4 % ,17/ 18)高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期卵巢癌 (5 9.3% ,16 / 2 7)。淋巴结转移阳性组中VEGF表达阳性率 (10 0 % ,12 / 12 )高于淋巴结转移阴性组 (16 / 2 6 ,6 1.5 % ) ,(P <0 .0 5 )。VEGF表达阴性者生存率高于VEGF表达阳性者 (P =0 .0 4 7)。不同组织学类型上皮性卵巢癌中VEGF表达无明显差异。KDR表达与卵巢癌分期、淋巴转移及预后无关。结论　VEGF与上皮性卵巢癌发展有关。     

20例原发性输卵管癌组织中ER、PR与p~(53)蛋白的表达

目的：分析原发性输卵管腺癌的ＥＲ、ＰＲ及ｐ５３蛋白的表达，研究其与该肿瘤的临床分期、病理分级及患者预后的关系。方法：材料选自２０份原发性输卵管腺癌及１０份正常输卵管组织的存档石蜡包埋标本，采用免疫组化法检测。结果：在２０份原发性输卵管癌标本中，ＥＲ、ＰＲ的阳性表达率分别为２５％和１５％，稍高于正常输卵管组的１０％，但差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ｐ５３蛋白在癌症组的阳性表达率为４０％，对照组则无１例阳性表达，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ｐ５３蛋白在晚期、分化差及预后不良的输卵管癌病例中的表达呈上升趋势，但未达到统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）；对侧输卵管炎症的存在与ｐ５３蛋白的阳性表达呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：在原发性输卵管癌中，ＥＲ、ＰＲ有一定程度的表达，但均较低；ｐ５３基因的突变可能参与了该肿瘤的发生，并可作为综合判断其恶性程度及患者预后的指标之一。     

重症肌无力乙酰胆碱受体抗体对大鼠神经元烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体作用

为了阐明重症肌无力（ＭＧ）患者中枢神经系统（ＣＮＳ）受损机制，本研究利用免疫组化和脑干听觉诱发电位仪观察了从ＭＧ患者血中提取的乙酰１胆碱受体抗体（ＡＣｈＲａｂ）与神经元烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（神经－ｎＡＣｈＲ）之间的免疫结合反应及其对大鼠脑干听觉传递中枢功能的影响。结果：首次表明神经－ｎＡＣｈＲ样阳性免疫结合反应弥散地分布于大鼠ＣＮＳ许多部位，如大鼠大脑皮层、脑干各颅神经运动核团、听神经核、脊髓前角运动元和小脑皮层等。注入脑室系统的ＡＣｈＲａｂ除了引起大鼠脑干听觉传递中枢功能障碍外，还引起ＭＧ动物模型样症状。提示：ＡＣｈＲａｂ可与ＣＮＳ中的神经－ｎＡＣｈＲ免疫交叉结合；ＡＣｈＲａｂ的病理作用不仅仅局限于神经肌接头处肌－ｎＡＣｈＲ，还可波及到ＣＮＳ中的神经－ｎＡＣｈＲ。     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体对喉癌细胞生长的影响

为探讨血管内皮生长因子（ＶＥＧＦ）在喉癌中的作用及可能的作用方式，用抗ＶＥＧＦ抗体及其受体ｆｌｔ抗体通过微波处理暴露抗原后，进行标准化的ＥｌｉｔｅＡＢＣ染色；将不同浓度的抗ＶＥＧＦ及抗ｆｌｔ抗体分别加入ＨＥＰ－２细胞的培养液中，培养５ｄ后测ＨＥＰ－２细胞的活性（ＭＴＴ法）。结果：免疫组化染色显示ＶＥＧＦ及其受体ｆｌｔ主要在喉癌细胞和血管内皮细胞表达；不同浓度的ＶＥＧＦ抗体及抗ｆｌｔ抗体对ＨＥＰ－２     

雄激素受体与肝细胞肝癌预后的关系

目的探讨雄激素受体（ＡＲ）与肝细胞肝癌（ＨＣＣ）预后的关系。方法用葡聚糖包裹活性炭饱和吸附法检测４７例ＨＣＣ癌组织和癌旁肝组织中ＡＲ的含量。对４３例病人进行术后随访９～６０个月。结果３３例ＡＲ阳性（３．０～１００ｆｍｏｌ／ｍｇ蛋白），１４例ＡＲ阴性。ＡＲ阳性病人与ＡＲ阴性病人的一、五年存活率没有统计学差别，三年存活率ＡＲ阳性者（３５．５％）显著低于ＡＲ阴性者（６６．７％）。复发时间ＡＲ阳性者（２１．４±１５．２月）与ＡＲ阴性者（３３．９±１３．９月）有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论雄激素能促进ＨＣＣ的增长及周围组织的侵袭，部分ＨＣＣ具有雄激素依赖性，ＡＲ可作为ＨＣＣ的预后指标     

抑癌基因PTEN和胰岛素样生长因子-1受体在子宫内膜癌中的表达及临床意义

目的研究抑癌基因PTEN和胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF1R)与子宫内膜癌临床及病理特征的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学方法(SP法)检测45例子宫内膜癌组织中PTEN基因和胰岛素样生长因子1受体的表达。结果45例子宫内膜癌组织中,PTEN阳性表达率为28.89%;Ⅰ期患者和Ⅱ～Ⅲ期患者阳性表达率分别为44.00%和10.00%(P<0.05);在高、中、低分化子宫内膜癌中的阳性表达率分别为60.00%、15.00%和10.00%(P<0.05);无、有淋巴结转移者的阳性表达率分别为38.71%和7.14%(P<0.05);IGF1R阳性表达率为86.67%。结论PTEN基因抑制子宫内膜癌的生长、浸润及淋巴结转移;IGF1R在子宫内膜癌的发生中发挥着重要作用。     

Activation of mouse microglial cells affects P2 receptor signaling

Microglial cells are the immunocompetent cells of the CNS, which are known to exist in several activation states. Here we investigated the impact of microglial activation on the P2 receptor-mediated intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) signaling by means of fluo-3 based Ca(2+)-imaging. Cultured mouse microglial cells were treated with either astrocyte-conditioned medium to induce a ramified morphology or LPS to shift the cells toward the fully activated stage. The extracellular application of ATP (100 microM) induced a [Ca(2+)](i) elevation in 85% of both untreated and ramified microglial cells, whereas only 50% of the LPS-activated cells responded to the stimulus. To characterise the pharmacological profile of microglial P2 receptors we investigated the effects of various P2 agonists on [Ca(2+)](i) in cultured microglial cells. Untreated and ramified microglial cells demonstrated a very similar sensitivity to the different P2 agonists. In contrast, in LPS-activated microglia, a sharp decrease of responses to P2 agonist stimulation was seen. This indicates that microglial activation influences the capability of microglial cells to generate [Ca(2+)](i) signals upon P2 receptor activation.     

Microanatomical localization of dopamine receptor protein immunoreactivity in the rat cerebellar cortex

Dopamine (DA) receptor subtype localization was investigated in rat cerebellar cortex using immunohistochemical techniques with antibodies raised against D1-D5 receptor protein. A faint D1 receptor protein immunoreactivity was developed in molecular and Purkinje neurons layers. D2 receptor protein immunoreactivity was found primarily in cerebellar white matter followed by molecular and granular layers and Purkinje neurons. Antibodies against D2S receptor protein were localized in molecular layer and to a lesser extent, in granular layer. A few Purkinje neurons displayed a faint D2S receptor protein immunoreactivity. D3 receptor protein immunoreactivity was observed primarily in molecular and in Purkinje neurons layers of lobules 9 and 10. A faint D3 receptor protein immunoreactivity was also localized in Purkinje neurons and to a lesser extent, in molecular and granular layers of cerebellar lobules 1-8. D4 receptor protein immunoreactivity was found in cerebellar white matter. A pale immunostaining was also visualized in molecular layer. D5 receptor protein immunoreactivity was localized primarily in molecular and Purkinje neurons layers and to a lesser extent, in granular layer and in white matter. The above results indicate that rat cerebellar cortex expresses the DA receptor subtypes so far identified. Purkinje neurons, which are the only efferent neurons of cerebellum, are richest in DA receptor protein immunoreactivity. This suggests that dopaminergic neurotransmission may modulate efferent inputs from cerebellum. The localization of the majority of D2 and D4 and of a faint D5 protein receptor immunoreactivity in cerebellar white matter suggests that these receptors may be presynaptic and transported axonally.     

雄激素源性脱发

雄激素源性脱发是由雄性激素引起，为进行性的头发密度减少，其包括男性型脱发及女性弥漫性脱发，曾被强调与皮脂溢出有关。Hamilton和Kuster研究分别证实了雄激素源性脱发是一种雄性激素依赖的多基因遗传性脱发，为治疗男性脱发提供了依据。针对DHT的增高、受体的存在，应用5α还原酶的抑制剂、毛发移植取得了一定的效果。通过本文的阐述，与大家共同探讨。