Assessing protection against radiation exposure after prostate 125I brachytherapy

PurposeTo expand the radiation dose rate measurement data set by measuring radiation under various prostate ¹²⁵I brachytherapy situations.Methods and MaterialsMeasurements were obtained from 63 consecutive unselected patients at Tokyo Medical Center, Japan. Differences in factors during measurements, such as body postures, distances from the skin surface, and measurement directions were considered. Furthermore, shielding effects of lead-lined underwear, consisting mainly of 0.1-mm thickness of lead, were also assessed.ResultsRadiation exposure varies according to the patient's body posture, with results differing as much as approximately 40.0% in measured radiation dose rates at 30 cm from the anterior skin surface. Weight, body mass index, and tissue thickness showed good correlations with measured radiation dose rates. The magnitude of radiation exposure attenuation by shielding was approximately 95.8%, similar to the attenuation ratio based on tissue measurements made in the lateral direction. The respective mean times required to reach 1 mSv were 1.2, 7.6, and 65.4 days in the standing position and 0.6, 4.6, and 40.4 days in the supine position at the site of contact, and at 30 and 100 cm from the anterior skin surface.ConclusionsThis study obtained supplemental information pertaining to radiological protection and confirmed that shielding can be an effective tool for reducing exposures.     

超声评分系统结合血清附睾分泌蛋白4、CA125对卵巢肿瘤的诊断意义

目的探讨超声评分系统结合血清附睾分泌蛋白4（human epididymal secretory protein 4,HE4）、CA125检测结果,对卵巢肿瘤的诊断意义。方法选取卵巢癌78例（卵巢癌组）,卵巢良性肿瘤102例（卵巢良性肿瘤组）,检测两组血清HE4及CA125水平,以80例健康人为对照组,制作受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,以曲线下面积（AUC）反映诊断的准确性。对两组患者进行超声评分,分别计算超声评分系统与肿瘤标志物联合对卵巢癌诊断的敏感性、特异性。结果卵巢癌组血清HE4及CA125水平明显高于卵巢良性肿瘤组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;卵巢良性肿瘤组与对照组间比较,HE4差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,CA125差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。HE4诊断卵巢癌的敏感性、特异性分别为94.3%,96.1%;CA125诊断卵巢癌的敏感性、特异性分别为87.4%,94.2%。HE4联合超声评分系统敏感度为为91.4%;CA125联合超声评分系统为85.7%;HE4、CA125、超声评分系统三项联合检测为96.1%。结论血清HE4、CA125联合超声评分系统诊断卵巢肿瘤的敏感性最高。     

Effects of Gestational Age, Maternal Diabetes, and Intrauterine Growth Retardation on Markers of Fetal Bone Turnover in Amniotic Fluid

Little is known about the dynamics of bone formation and bone resorption in utero, particularly the normal changes that occur throughout gestation and in clinical situations that result in low bone mass at birth. The objectives of this study were to describe the effects of gestational age on markers of fetal bone turnover, and to investigate whether the reported low bone mass at birth in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants and infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) was associated with biochemical markers of decreased bone formation or increased bone resorption in utero. Bone formation and resorption were assessed by measurement of carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), respectively, in 201 amniotic fluid samples. These markers are by-products of type I collagen formation and degradation, respectively, and have been used in the assessment of bone metabolism ex utero. Both PICP and ICTP concentrations in amniotic fluid were inversely associated with gestational age (P < 0.0001). Amniotic fluid concentrations of PICP increased exponentially in relation to infant birthweight (P= 0.008), and SGA infants had lower amniotic fluid PICP concentrations than controls (P= 0.07). The presence of diabetes in the mother was not associated with alterations in amniotic fluid PICP or ICTP concentrations. Although maturational effects on clearance of bone markers from amniotic fluid cannot be excluded, these data are consistent with a high turnover of bone matrix early in fetal life, and a reduction in bone formation when fetal growth is compromised.     

通胆排石冲剂Ⅰ号利胆及抗炎作用的实验研究

本研究结果表明，通胆排石冲剂Ⅰ号（９６ｇ／ｋｇ）大白鼠十二指肠给药，能明显增加胆汁流量，小白鼠（８８ｇ／ｋｇ与１７６ｇ／ｋｇ）灌胃给药，能明显增加胆囊重量（含胆汁），证明该剂具有明显的利胆作用。该药能显著抑制冰醋酸所致小白鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加和二甲苯所致小白鼠耳肿胀，具有明显的抗炎作用。上述药理作用为通胆排石冲剂Ⅰ号的临床应用提供了部分药理实验依据。     

胰十二指肠及肾一期联合移植三例体会

报告３例Ⅰ型糖尿病并发尿毒症患者接受全胰十二指肠及肾一期联合移植，术后术移植胰及肾功能恢复良好，停用胰岛素后，停用胰岛素后，血肌酐、尿素氮降至正常。本组其中２例胰肾有功能存活分别为３年和２年。例３因移植肾急性排斥，多器官衰竭于术后第２２天死亡。作者认为胰肾一期联合移植可同时纠正糖尿病和尿毒症。     

CT引导下125I粒子植入治疗肺癌术后气胸发生率的相关因素分析

目的 分析影响CT引导下经皮肺穿刺¹²⁵I粒子植入治疗肺癌术后气胸发生率的因素.方法 观察821例CT引导下经皮肺穿刺肺癌¹²⁵I粒子植入术后患者198例发生气胸的情况,分析其出现的相关因素.结果 术后CT发现气胸198例,发生率为24.1%.发现植入针进针平均深度、患者是否合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、是否合并肺不张、植入针道数目、手术时间、进针角度及肿瘤直径7个因素与术后气胸发生率相关(χ² =10.293、11.463、5.310、8.868、13.348、9.326、16.504,P<0.05).其中COPD患者176 例术后发生气胸65例(36.9%);植入针进针的深度<6 cm(205例)、8~12 cm(378例)及>12 cm(238例)患者术后发生气胸分别为29例(14.1%)、98例(25.9%)、71例(29.8%);植入针道数目<5(183例)、5~10 (408例)、>10(230例)的患者术后发生气胸例数分别是31例(16.9%)、92例(22.5%)、75例(32.6%);手术时间<10 min(198例)、10~20 min(412例)、>30 min(211例)的患者术后发生气胸分别为27例(13.6%)、101例(24.5%)、70例(33.2%);合并肺不张患者132例术后发生气胸的19例(14.4%).其中前4项经多因素logistic回归分析是气胸发生的危险因素(OR=1.676、2.147、1.827、2.368,P<0.05),最后1项是气胸的保护因素(OR=0.367,P<0.05).结论 当病灶离胸壁远,患者合并有COPD,术中植入针道较多的患者,粒子植入前要充分考虑到气胸发生的可能,减少穿刺针数目及加快手术时间,可使CT引导下经皮肺癌¹²⁵I粒子植入术后气胸发生率大为降低.     

CT引导^125Ⅰ放射粒子联合间质化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的 探讨CT引导^125Ⅰ放射粒子联合间质化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床价值,可行性和安全性。方法 回顾分析经病理证实的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者31例、33个病灶,在CT引导下植入^125Ⅰ放射性粒子,联合植入化疗粒子缓释剂中人氟安,比较治疗前及治疗后6个月肿瘤变化,判定疗效。结果 31例患者33个病灶,6个月后CT复查,CR 6例（19.4%）、PR 21例（67.7%）、NC 3例（9.7%）、PD 1例（3.2%）,有效率（CR＋PR）87.1%。术中4例出现少量气胸,1例肺内少量出血,术后1周内痰中带血丝3例。结论 CT引导^125Ⅰ放射粒子联合间质化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌安全、微创、近期疗效明显。     

冷极射频消融联合I125粒子植入治疗肺癌20例报告

目的：探讨冷极射频消融联合I125粒子植入术治疗肺癌患者的疗效。方法采用回顾性分析方法,对我院2007年9月至2012年2月采用冷极射频消融联合植入放射性I125粒子治疗的20例肺癌患者的治疗方案、并发症、疗效等临床资料进行分析和评价。结果20例肺癌患者中,病情完全缓解9例（45%）;部分缓解5例（25%）;无变化3例（15%）;进展3例（15%）。20例患者疾病近期控制率85%。结论冷极射频消融联合I125粒子植入是治疗晚期肺癌不能耐受手术或不愿接受手术治疗患者的一种可行方法,两者联合治疗可提高疗效,减轻并发症。     

个体化模板辅助颅底区永久性组织间近距离治疗的可行性研究

目的 评价个体化模板辅助技术在颅底区恶性肿瘤永久性组织间近距离治疗中应用的可行性。方法 选择2010年8月至2012年6月在北京大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科接受¹²⁵I粒子永久性植入治疗的颅底区复发性恶性肿瘤患者20例。植入前行头颈部CT扫描获得Dicom数据,导入组织间近距离治疗计划系统进行预计划和模拟针道设计,然后将含有模拟针道信息的图像文件导入Mimics软件和Geomagic软件进行个体化模板数字建模,最后利用医用光敏树脂经快速成型技术制作个体化模板。粒子植入过程中,应用个体化模板控制针的插植和粒子的植入,并CT扫描验证插植针空间位置分布。粒子植入后CT扫描进行粒子空间分布和实际剂量验证。粒子植入过程中和植入后72 h内观察并记录并发症。结果 20例颅底区复发恶性肿瘤患者应用个体化模板技术,均顺利完成了¹²⁵I粒子植入。个体化模板同时具有预计划插植针道信息和患者面部特征信息,插植针定位和定向准确。¹²⁵I粒子平均植入70颗(20～172颗),空间分布均匀,无移位和脱落。粒子平均活度0.7 mCi/颗(0.6～0.8 mCi/颗, 1 Ci=3.7×10¹⁰ Bq),平均D₉₀=181.6 Gy(127.4～279.6 Gy),平均V₁₀₀为98.2%(94.6%～100%),平均V₁₅₀为43.2%(24.3%～52.2%),危及器官的平均受照剂量为31.6 Gy(24.6～47.3 Gy)。未观察到严重并发症。结论 应用个体化模板辅助颅底区永久性组织间近距离治疗,方法安全可行,具有插植针定位、定向准确的特点,可明显提高治疗的精确性,避免插植操作的盲目性。     

CT与CA-125检测在盆腔子宫内膜异位囊肿诊断中的应用

目的分析盆腔子宫内膜异位囊肿的CT表现,结合CA-125检测提高CT诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的23例盆腔子宫内膜异位囊肿的CT表现,并将子宫内膜异位囊肿组与对照组CA-125检测数据进行统计学分析。结果CT发现卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿20例23个囊肿以及右侧阔韧带异位囊肿、左侧阔韧带与子宫前壁间异位囊肿、腹壁切口子宫内膜异位囊肿各1个,共26个囊肿。病灶长径33～111mm,平均（67±24）mm：单房8个,双房1个,多房17个;囊肿壁〈3mm22个,囊壁≥3mm4个;囊肿边界模糊21个,边缘清晰5个;囊内cT值5～65Hu;增强扫描囊壁轻中度强化22个,明显强化4个,囊内均未见强化。23例盆腔子宫内膜异位囊肿CA-125检测阳性19例,平均（63±30）U／mL,与对照组比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论cT能较大程度显示盆腔子宫内膜异位囊肿的形态特征,CT结合CA-125检测可提高诊断正确率。