中国铗蠓属一新亚属、一新种及亚属检索表

本文报道了 1种采自我国江西省的铗蠓属一新亚属和一新种 ,命名为迷媚铗蠓Forcipomyiadelenificussp .nov .,并编制了我国已发现的铗蠓属 14亚属的检索表     

Turning it on and off: M-phase promoting factor during meiotic maturation and fertilization

Maturation (M-phase) promoting factor (MPF) plays a pivotal role in oocytes during their maturation. This review concentrates on its function at three important time-points. First, its activation during meiotic progression from prophase I arrest at germinal vesicle breakdown. Second, its role during the transition from meiosis I to meiosis II, a defining feature of meiosis involving segregation of homologous chromosomes. Third, maintenance of its activity at metaphase II arrest and the necessity for its destruction during oocyte activation. An understanding of how oocytes switch it on and turn it off underpins much of the basic cell biology of oocyte maturation.     

Differences in connective tissue gene expression between normally functioning, polycystic and post-menopausal ovaries

Arrested follicular maturation is a characteristic feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Follicles mature in ovarian stroma composed of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, little is known of the expression of ECM genes in polycystic ovaries. The present study compares the expression levels of genes coding for collagens, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), their inhibitors (TIMP) and cathepsins in polycystic ovaries using fertile and post-menopausal ovaries as controls. In northern analyses, the gene expression profiles of type I and III collagen of PCOS samples resembled those observed in normal follicular phase ovaries, while mRNA levels of proalpha1(IV) collagen and TIMP-3 mRNA were significantly lower in polycystic than control ovaries. During the normal menstrual cycle, an increase was observed in MMP-9 gene expression during the luteal phase. In post-menopausal ovaries, mRNA levels for type I, III and IV collagens and osteonectin were reduced, while the MMP, TIMP (excluding TIMP-3) and cathepsins did not reflect this metabolic down-regulation. Immunohistochemical staining for MMP-9 and TIMP-4 suggested differences between polycystic and normally functioning ovaries. These data demonstrate that normal ovarian functions are associated with changes in production and degradation of ECM. The alterations observed in the production and/or distribution of type IV collagen, TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 suggest involvement of basement membranes in the pathogenesis of PCOS.     

Application of the lod score method to detection of linkage between HLA and juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes

The lod score method has been applied to 28 informative families with at least one child suffering from juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes (JIDD), assuming autosomal recessive inheritance, for detection of linkage between HLA and a susceptibility locus for this disease. These 28 families were pooled with 21 other families from the literature. The maximum lod scores were obtained for recombination fractions from 4 to 16 %, according to the level of penetrance (10 to 90 %). These high estimates of the recombination fraction are not in agreement with the hypothesis that the association between JIDD and specific HLA haplotypes is due to a simple linkage disequilibrium between the HLA region and a susceptibility locus for JIDD.     

Complete and partial trisomy of different segments of chromosome 8: case reports and review

This report describes some of the clinical, chromosomal and radiological findings in three unrelated patients with trisomy 8 mosaicism syndrome (T8ms), two first cousins with trisomy 8q and a patient with trisomy 8p. On the basis of the phenotypic and cytogenetic findings seen in our six patients and those noted in previous reports, we concur with Riccardi & Crandall (1978) that most physical malformations seen in T8ms are associated with trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 8.     

A polymorphism in the CYP17 gene and intrauterine fetal growth restriction

Intrauterine fetal growth restriction is a multifactorial disorder, and its aetiology includes both environmental and genetic components. We aimed to investigate whether maternal genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes affects fetal growth and pregnancy duration. Genomic DNA was obtained from 134 women who experienced singleton deliveries beyond 24 weeks of gestation. Maternal age, birth weight, gestational age at birth and frequencies of fetal growth restriction, prematurity and pregnancy-induced hypertension were compared among genotypic subgroups of cytochrome p450 (CYP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes. The polymorphisms of CYP1A1 (MspI), CYP17 (MspAI) and GSTP1 (BsmAI) genotypes, and the presence or absence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes were analysed by PCR-based methods. The frequency of fetal growth restriction (<10th percentile/<-1.5 SD; 22.7%/11.4%) in 44 women who were homozygous for the A1 allele (A1A1) of CYP17 was significantly higher than that (7.8%/2.2%) in 90 women who carried the A2 allele (A1A2/A2A2) of CYP17 (P < 0.05), with an odds ratio =3.41 (95% confidence interval = 1.18-9.84). The gestational age at birth (mean +/- SD, 37.5 +/- 3.1 weeks) in 67 women with GSTM1 null genotype was significantly lower than that (38.5 +/- 2.4 weeks) in 67 women who carried GSTM1 (P < 0.05). The polymorphism of CYP17 that encodes the cytochrome p450c17alpha enzyme might be associated with the pathophysiology underlying fetal growth restriction.     

NEOVASCULARIZATION OF PERICELLULAR FIBROSIS IN ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE

The relationship between sinusoidal capillarization and pericellular fibrosis was studied in 29 specimens of human liver from patients with alcoholic liver disease. Immunohlstochemically, factor VIH-related antigen was not observed in the normal sinusoidal lining cells, but was localized in the capillaries which proliferated in the pericellular fibrotic region. Fibronectln was localized in the proliferated endoplasmic reticulum of newly formed vascular endothelial cells and hepatocytes with the development of pericellular fibrosis, laminin became apparant in the plasmalemmal vesicles of capillary endothelial cells and pericytes and in the endoplasmic reticulum of mesenchymal cells in Disse's space. From these results, It was revealed that pericellular fibrosis was closely related to sinusoidal capillarization. Furthermore, it is suggested that this sinusoidal capillarization may be caused by neovascularization, and that the extracellular matrix produced by endothelial cells, hepatocytes and mesenchymal cells may promote this process.     

Quantitative Analysis of Fiber Disarray Developing in Papillary Muscles Unloaded after Mitral Valve Replacement

Muscle fiber disarray which developed in the papillary muscle released from its chordal attachment after mitral valve replacement (MVR) was analysed histometrically in 23 hearts. The degree of disarray, or how far the fiber arrangement deviated from an ideal condition in which the fibers are considered to be aligned in parallel, was evaluated in terms of the "disarray index". This index corresponds to the ratio of the minor to major axes of a regression ellipse which can be obtained histometrically by plotting the reciprocal of the number of muscle fibers intersected by a test line of equal length in every direction on a polar coordinate system. The index can vary continuously in a range from 0.00 for a completely parallel fiber alignment to 1.00 for a completely random distribution. The estimated index showed a gradual increase from 0.05 to 0.68 according to the postoperative survival period after MVR with a significant positive correlation (r=0.793, p< 0.01). The index was inversely correlated with the mean muscle fiber diameter (r=-0.433, p<0.05). These results indicate that the disarray which develops in the papillary muscle after MVR is a deformation of the normally parallel arrangement of fibers toward an isotropic texture under focal disruption of the normally longitudinally oriented tensile force. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 779-785, 1989.     

现代军校教学督导机制研究及对策

本研究从军队院校教学督导机制构建为出发点,深入分析了当前军队院校教学督导存在的机制不健全、职能发挥局限、专职人员缺乏、信息化程度滞后等问题,调研了国内外教学督导现状,并提出了构建综合督导体系、实现职能转变、推进模式创新、拓展督导内涵、优化队伍结构、开展专业培养、加强信息化条件建设等方面的建议及对策,对军队院校深化教学督导改革具有较好的指导意义和作用。