英文医学科技论文写作中词的选择与搭配

作者结合实际工作经验简要论述了英文医学科技论文写作中词的选择与搭配的问题,并就如何提高英文写作水平提出了几点建议。     

关注IHE关键影像标记在PACS中的应用

关键影像标记通过指定一组事务处理的定义,将影像检查序列中一帧或多帧关键影像与其对应的注释信息进行关联。本文对该集成模型的角色、事务处理以及相关的DICOM内容进行了分析。     

Laparoscopic choledochotomy with primary closure

Background: Thirty-three patients were candidates for laparoscopic choledochotomy. The indications for this operation are described. Methods: The procedure was completed 32 times (97%). We had 29 successful common bile duct (CBD) clearances, three negative explorations, and one failed clearance which needed to be converted to laparotomy. All the completed procedures ended with primary closure of the main duct. Median duration of surgery was 180 min (range 100–300), including three associated laparoscopic procedures. Results: There were three postoperative complications (9.4%), none major. Average postoperative hospital stay was 7.1 days (range 4–14). In May–June 1995 we controlled 31 out of the 32 consecutive patients (one patient was lost to follow-up) who had a successful laparoscopic choledochotomy from October 1991 to December 1994. Median follow-up was 22 months (range 5–44). Besides clinical control, 23 patients also had ultrasound (US) controls and 24 had blood tests. Eleven had intravenous cholangiotomography. Two patients died 11 and 22 months after the operation for unrelated causes and without biliary symptoms. Two patients had umbilical hernias. One had a small residual asymptomatic stone, which was removed endoscopically. None had signs of postoperative CBD stricture. At US, CBD was ≤7 mm in 15 patients, 8–10 mm in four patients, and 10–12 mm in three patients. The last group had preoperative CBD dilation, too. We could compare preoperative and postoperative CBD diameters in 22 patients: 11 had no change; in nine it decreased; and two had a slight increase (8–10 mm). Conclusions: We conclude that laparoscopic choledochotomy with primary closure is a very good operation: It has a high success rate and low morbidity. Mortality is nil so far. Medium-term results are very positive: We had no CBD stricture and only one case of asymptomatic residual stone, which could have been avoided. Our results suggest that intraductal biliary drainage is useless, and its specific complications are well known. Received: 20 October 1995/Accepted: 28 February 1996     

Ubiquitous Presence in Mammalian Cells of Enzymatic Activity Specifically Cleaving 8-Hydroxyguanine-containing DNA

Here we report the finding of enzymatic activity that specifically cleaves DNA containing 8-hydroxyguanine (oh⁸Gua) residues in various mammalian cells. To detect this activity, we used a synthetic double-stranded DNA containing a single oh⁸Gua at a defined position as the substrate, and analyzed the products of enzymatic digestion by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two cleavage sites near the oh⁸Gua residue were detected with partially purified fractions from cow brain and rat liver, and also with preparations from all mammalian tissues examined. These results suggest that enzymatic activity for the removal of oh⁸Gua from DNA is widely distributed in mammalian cells.     

Efficacy of Lung Cancer Screening; Comparison of Results from a Case-Control Study and a Survival Analysis

A case-control study to evaluate the efficacy of lung cancer screening conducted by us showed that lung cancer screening may reduce the mortality of the disease up to 28%. Assuming this efficacy is unbiased, and that the screening rate is 51.6%, which was observed in the control group in the above study, the number of lung cancer deaths prevented by screening in the study period was calculated to be 47 for males and females combined. In the same study population, screen-detected lung cancer patients (N = 207) in the same study period were followed and the 7-year survival rate (46.9%) was compared to the 5-year survival rate (11.3%) obtained by the Osaka Cancer Registry, in which screen-detected lung cancer patients were only 1.8%. The number of lung cancer deaths prevented by screening, estimated by the difference in the above two survival rates, was 74 (95% confidence interval; 55–93). The number of lung cancer deaths prevented by screening estimated from the case-control study was significantly lower than that estimated from the survival analysis. This indicates that the efficacy of lung cancer screening estimated by the case-control study was within the range that could be explained by the actual long-term survivors among the screen-detected patients in the study population.     

Differential Expression of Subspecies of Polyomavirus and Murine Leukemia Virus Enhancer Core Binding Protein, PEBP2, in Various Hematopoietic Cells

The core sequence of the enhancer of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) long terminal repeat is highly conserved in a large number of MuLV strains and appears to play an essential role when SL3-3 or Moloney strains induce T cell lymphoma in mice. We found by using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay that a polyomavirus enhancer core-binding protein, PEBP2, bound to this core motif of MuLV. We also noted that PEBP2 in several hematopoietic cell lines derived from B lymphocyte, macrophage and myelocyte lineages migrated significantly faster than the authentic PEBP2 detected in NIH3T3 (ibroblasts. Interestingly, PEBP2 detected in the cell lines of T lymphocyte lineage appeared to contain both types, which were indistinguishable in electrophoretic mobility from those of NIH3T3 and of B lymphocyte, macrophage and myelocyte lineages. The treatment of the nuclear extract containing PEBP2 with phosphatase generated PEBP3, which is a subcomponent of PEBP2 and retained the same DNA-binding specificity as PEBP2. The altered mobility of hematopoietic cell-derived or T lymphocyte-derived PEBP2 was found to be due to the alteration of the mobility of PEBP3. Based on the distinct mobility of PEBP2/3 of T lymphocytes from those of other hematopoietic cells, we discuss the implication of PEBP2 in MuLV-induced T cell leukemia and T cell-specific gene expression.     

Notes on the use of low magnification telescopes in low vision care

Several areas related to the use of telescopes in low vision are reviewed. These include: contrast sensitivity function; eccentric viewing through a telescope; field of view; telescope used in reverse; and IOL-spectacle lens telescopic systems. Experimental data are included to support selected clinical observations routinely made by low vision clinicians.     

Cortical Distribution of Eeg Activity for Component Processes During Mental Rotation

Alpha power (8–12 Hz) was monitored over the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes of the left and right cerebral hemispheres while participants mentally rotated three-dimensional shapes to match a specified target. By comparing the activational patterns generated during three experimental conditions, each designed to systematically isolate the involvement of the various subcomponents comprising this mental rotation task, it was suggested that the right frontal lobe mediates encoding and comparison/decision processes, while the left parietal and the left temporal region appear most involved in the generation of images and their mental rotation. A preliminary model describing the cooperative interaction of these cortical regions during mental rotation tasks is proposed.     

Aggressive behaviour in elderly psychiatric inpatients.

We describe the types of aggressive behaviour and determine their prevalence in a sample of hospitalized elderly psychiatric patients. Data were obtained by nurse ratings of aggressive behaviour using the recently developed Rating Scale for Aggressive Behaviour in the Elderly; 90 patients were rated over a 3-d period. Nearly half the sample were at least mildly aggressive; the frequencies of some specific types of aggressive behaviour were high. In contrast, the frequency of injuries and the use of restraints and medication for aggressive behaviour were low. Some correlates of the aggressive behaviour were also analysed.