In situ localization of mRNA for the fibrinolytic factors uPA, PAI-1 and uPAR in endometriotic and endometrial tissue

Endometriotic tissue grows invasively. The plasminogen-activating system is suggested to participate in degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and modulation of cell adhesion and migration. We have previously demonstrated elevated levels of the fibrinolytic factors urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in endometriotic tissue and endometrium from women with endometriosis. The aim of the present study was to localize the uPA, PAI-1 and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) mRNA in endometriotic tissue and in endometrium both from women with and without endometriosis. With in situ hybridization, we found that uPA mRNA seems to be up-regulated in endometriotic glands and endometrial stroma as well as PAI-1 mRNA in endometriotic and endometrial stroma from women with endometriosis. uPAR mRNA likewise appears to be up-regulated in both glands and stroma in endometriotic tissue and in endometrial glands from patients compared to endometrial glands and stroma from healthy women. These differences might be important for menstrual shedding and adherence of endometrial fragments to peritoneal lining in women developing endometriosis and for the invasive growth of endometriotic tissue.     

Ultrastructure of cell death in bulbar cushions of chick embryo heart

Summary The ultrastructure of the physiological cell death was studied in distal ventral bulbar cushions of 15 chick embryo hearts on the 4th and 5th day of incubation. Microperfusion fixation was performed. The ultracytochemistry of a lysosomal hydrolytic enzyme acid phosphatase was also investigated in another 15 embryonic hearts.In the course of the cell degeneration an increase in cellulr autophagy was observed without previous cytoplasmic or nuclear changes or phagocyte ingestion. A cytoplasmic diffusion of acid phosphatase outside of lysosomes was observed.Besides the cell death with the marked participation of the lysosomal system, another kind of dying cells was found, characterized by their nuclear pycnosis and cytoplasmic condensation. Starting from the 5th day of incubation the dying and dead cells were found phagocytized by some of their neighbouring viable mesenchymal cells. A formation of ribosomal crystals was not observed.The formation and fate of cytolysomes as well as the fate of phagocytes are discussed. The presence of pre-necrotic cells with important autophagy and of necrotic cells with nuclear changes was related to the possibility of a dual cause of the cell death. In the case of pre-necrotic cells the epigenetic factors like the biomechanic action of hemodynamics were considered, while the necrotic cells seem to be programmed to death by their genome.Finally the uniformity of cell death ultrastructure in different organs and species was noticed.     

Regional cerebral blood flow after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery

Occlusions of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) are mostly of embolic origin (appr. 80%) and give rise to about one third of all ischemic strokes, most of these being major strokes. MCA occlusions lasting for less than 1/2 h are tolerated without occurrence of permanent tissue damage. Occlusions lasting between 1/2 h to 4-8 h lead to permanent tissue damage and neurological deficits that are proportional to the duration of occlusion. Maximal tissue damage is obtained after 4-8 h occlusion. A cerebral blood flow of 8-23 ml/100 gr/min is sufficient for cellular viability but insufficient for normal tissue function ("ischemic penumbra"). Cellular function is completely abolished in the interval 8-16 ml/100 gr/min and flow at that level is tolerated only for 1-3 h before neuronal death ensues. In the interval 18-23 ml/100 gr/min there is some functional activity although it is reduced. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that flow in this interval may be tolerated for several days, months or even longer ("chronic ischemic penumbra"). After MCA occlusion the blood flow falls below 8 ml/100 gr/min in most cases and permanent MCA occlusion always leads to relatively large areas of frank infarction. The ischemic infarcts may be surrounded by collaterally perfused areas where the blood flow is pressure-dependent (impaired autoregulation) and quite commonly insufficient for normal neuronal function (below 23 ml/100 gr/min). Such collaterally perfused areas may include a "chronic ischemic penumbra". Emboli causing MCA occlusions commonly disintegrate and/or migrate more peripherally within the first few weeks post stroke. This leads to reperfusion and changes of ischemic infarcts into hyperemic infarcts where flow is severely increased. The vascular reactivity is completely abolished in hyperemic infarcts and the hyperemic state lasts for about two weeks. Probably, anemic infarcts are equivalent to ischemic infarcts while the hemorrhagic variety is equivalent to hyperemic infarcts. The "partial infarct" with selective neuronal necrosis occurs in experimental animals after MCA occlusions of less than four h but not after permanent MCA occlusion. The significance of partial infarction in human stroke is not clarified. The extent of irreversible tissue damage can be reduced only if therapy sets in within 4-8 h after the occlusion. If a "chronic penumbra" exists the extension of reversible tissue damage can be reduced if therapy aimed at increasing the blood flow in the penumbra sets in within weeks or even months after the stroke.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

以重点监控药品管理促进合理用药水平提升

通过开展以“合理用药”为核心的重点监控药品管理,促进合理用药水平提升。采取事后处方点评及处方前置审核,建立和完善重点监控药品管理方案,对不合理用药进行拦截、宣教、绩效处罚、限量采购、约谈等,实现了重点监控药品规范化管理。实践后,不合理医嘱减少,处方点评合格率提升,辅助用药种类减少。认为建立重点监控药品管理的相关制度及流程,对提升合理用药水平有一定促进作用。     

层次分析法在确定医疗设备维护优先级中的应用研究

目的:运用层次分析法(AHP)确定医疗设备维护中的优先级,增加医疗设备的可用性并降低维护成本。方法:采用AHP对医疗设备标准、子标准和等级进行评定获取其关键评分,基于多标准决策方法确定医疗设备维护的优先级,对选定设备进行评估,以准分子激光器和视力计为例,根据其标准权重、子标准权重和强度计算其总评分,确定维护优先级。结果:医疗设备维护的优先顺序由医疗设备评分的评估结果决定,医疗设备风险是医学技术人员在确定医疗设备维护优先级时的最重要标准。准分子激光器和视力计的关键评分权重分别为0.877和0.373,准分子激光器相比视力计在设备维护方面具有更高的优先级。结论:医疗设备维护优先级评估模型能确定医疗设备维护优先级,根据优先级规模规划医疗设备维护方案,以使资源更多地集中于具有高和中关键度的医疗设备。     

RBRVS-KPI模式下公立医院绩效考核体系构建及应用

目的探讨如何将以资源为基础的相对价值比率（RBRVS）与关键绩效指标法（KPI）相结合,运用于公立医院绩效考核体系实践中。方法分析样本医院绩效考核体系的应用效果,根据医院总体目标,经过点值测算、指标选择,建立了一套具有医院特色的改良型RBRVS-KPI模式绩效考核体系。结果经实践,医疗质量和运行效率大幅度提高,在一定程度上促进了医院管理的精细化。结论RBRVS-KPI模式下的绩效考核体系较唯财务导向的绩效模式更能体现医护人员劳动价值,值得探索与推广。     

川陈皮素通过激活SIRT1/FOXO3a信号来减轻肾缺血再灌注损伤

目的：本研究旨在探究川陈皮素（NOB）保护小鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤（RIRI）的可能分子机制。方法：将Balb/c小鼠分为5组（n=6）：假手术组、模型组、NOB组（50 mg/kg）、组蛋白去乙酰化酶沉默信息调节因子1（SIRT1）抑制剂EX527组（5 mg/kg）、NOB+EX527组（50 mg/kg的NOB+5 mg/kg EX527）。在建模前24 h对小鼠进行药物处理。通过阻断小鼠左肾动静脉血流建立RIRI模型。建模24 h后检测肾组织中氧化应激标志物含量。通过苏木精-伊红（HE）染色和天狼星红染色评价肾组织病变和纤维化。通过TUNEL染色检测肾细胞凋亡。通过蛋白质免疫印迹法检测肾组织中SIRT1、叉头框蛋白O3a（FOXO3a）、细胞凋亡和自噬相关蛋白表达。通过实时荧光定量PCR检测肾组织中SIRT1和FOXO3a mRNA的水平。结果：与模型组比较,NOB组小鼠肾脏病变程度减轻,肾脏纤维化面积降低（均P<0.05）。与模型组比较,NOB组肾组织抗氧化作用升高（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,NOB组肾组织中细胞凋亡减少（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,NOB组肾组织中SIRT1和FOXO3a的mRNA和蛋白相对表达量升高,微管相关蛋白轻链(LC)3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ蛋白相对表达量升高,而p62降低（均P<0.05）。此外,EX527逆转了NOB对肾脏的保护作用（P<0.05）。结论：NOB通过激活SIRT-1/FOXO3a信号通路介导的自噬来减轻RIRI。     

槐定碱通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路诱导自噬抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖

目的 探讨槐定碱对胰腺癌细胞增殖及自噬的影响,并分析其机制。方法 MTT法分析Sw1990细胞增殖, MDC染色法检测细胞自噬水平,western blot检测细胞自噬相关蛋白、PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路相关蛋白表达水平,运用自噬抑制剂（3 - MA）研究自噬对细胞增殖的影响;裸鼠成瘤实验检测体内胰腺癌细胞增殖情况,并分析瘤组织中LC3 II、p - mTOR蛋白水平。结果 槐定碱抑制胰腺癌Sw1990细胞的增长,促进自噬小泡的形成,上调LC3 II/ LC3 I、Beclin - 1水平,下调p - PI3K、p - AKT、p - mTOR水平（P＜0.05）;与槐定碱40 μmol/L组比较,槐定碱40 μmol/L + 3 - MA 5 μmol/L组细胞抑制率升高,LC3 II/ LC3 I降低,p - mTOR蛋白水平升高（P＜0.05）; 40 mg/kg槐定碱下调裸鼠瘤体体积、瘤体质量,上调LC3 II/ LC3 I水平,下调p - mTOR蛋白水平（P＜0.05）。结论 槐定碱能抑制Sw1990细胞增殖,与调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路影响自噬有关。     

Aberrant gene expression associated with recurrent pregnancy loss

Recent studies indicate that a number of factors including chromosomal abnormalities, immunological feto-maternal rejection, hormonal irregulation and anatomical factors are involved in provoking recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). This indicates that normal cellular regulation of these factors is required for maintaining normal pregnancy. In addition, it is expected that biological processes for maintaining normal pregnancy require a series of differential gene expression. As expected, our previous investigations revealed that there are >/=30 genes showing different levels of expression between normal and RPL patients. In addition, other research groups have also identified a number of genes that are expressed aberrantly in pregnancy failure. In this review, recent study on aberrant expression levels of genes, which are grouped as immunity-related, angiogenesis-related, apoptosis-related and other groups of genes, will be discussed.     

Homer 1b/c通过内质网功能调节由谷氨酸诱发的HT22细胞自噬

目的　研究Homer1b/c蛋白在谷氨酸诱发的细胞自噬中的作用及机制。方法　选用小鼠海马细胞系HT22细胞,通过500 ?mol/L谷氨酸处理建立细胞损伤模型。用siRNA慢病毒转染方式下调Homer1b/c表达和10 ?mol/LBAPTA-AM（1,2-双(2-氨基苯氧基)乙烷-N,N,N`,N`-四乙酸四乙酸甲酯,钙离子螯合剂）、10 mmol/L4-PBA（4-苯基丁酸,内质网应激抑制剂）分别抑制细胞内钙离子释放和内质网应激后,使用蛋白质印迹法检测Homer1b/c,自噬蛋白Beclin-1、微管相关蛋白轻链3（LC3）,以及内质网应激标志蛋白CHOP（人内质网应激相关蛋白）、GRP-78(葡萄糖调节蛋白78)的表达水平。每组实验均进行3次,采用独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析进行统计学分析。结果　谷氨酸处理HT22细胞12 h后,Beclin-1表达和LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值均升高（P<0.05）,下调Homer1b/c表达可降低Beclin-1表达和LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值的升高程度（P<0.05）。抑制细胞内钙离子释放和抑制内质网应激均能降低Beclin-1表达和LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值的升高程度（P<0.05）。然而在下调Homer1b/c表达后,抑制细胞内钙离子释放和抑制内质网应激未能进一步降低Beclin-1表达和LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值的升高程度（P<0.05）。结论　Homer1b/c能够调节谷氨酸诱导的自噬,其调节作用可能与内质网功能有关。