骨组织工程由基础研究向临床应用过渡

大块骨缺损的修复是临床面临的棘手难题,采用传统的自体骨或同种异体骨移植及生物材料填充,由于存在种种弊端,均不理想,严重限制了其临床应用。组织工程技术的兴起为解决这一难题带来了希望,成为当前的研究热点。然而,大块组织工程骨血管化等关键性技术难题至今未找到理想的解决办法。采用常规的思路对大块骨缺损进行修复遇到了巨大的挑战。为使骨组织工程走向临床应用,提出并建立"体内灌注诱导成骨微循环系统"。     

3D-printed prostheses for large bone defect reconstruction following bone tumor surgery北大核心

BACKGROUND: Tumor segment resection is one of the standard methods for the treatment of bone tumors. However, the reconstruction of bone defects atumor resection faces many challenges. A growing number of researchers are focusing on 3D-printed prostheses for bone defect repair and reconstruction following bone tumor surgery. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of 3D-printed prostheses in the reconstruction of large bone defect following bone tumor surgery and to evaluate the postoperative outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 24 patients [19 males and 5 females, age 23.8 (6-61) years] who underwent bone tumor resection and 3D-printed prosthesis implantation in the Department of Bone Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2020 to September 2021 was conducted. There were 7 cases with distal femur tumor, 5 with pelvis tumor, 4 with proximal tibia tumor, 3 with middle femur tumor, 1 with distal tibia tumor, 1 with proximal humerus tumor, 1 with middle humerus tumor, 1 with scapula tumor, 1 with ulna tumor, and 22 cases with primary tumors (13 osteosarcoma, 4 Ewing sarcoma, 2 giant cell tumor of bone, 1 chondroblastoma, 1 chondrosarcoma, and 1 osteoblastoma), 2 metastatic carcinoma. Preoperative and postoperative imaging data were recorded and neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 17 cases before surgery. The Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score was used to assess limb function before surgery and 6 months after surgery, and pain was assessed by the Visual Analog Scale, as well as the complications were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients undergoing resection of the tumor segment and 3D-printed prosthesis implantation for the reconstruction of the bone defect were followed for 6-49 months, and the results showed that the length of osteotomy was (18.2 ± 7.3) cm and an average intraoperative bleeding volume was 740 (100-3 000) mL. (2) Two patients died of systemic metastasis, the remaining 22 had no pulmonary metastasis or recurrence during the follow-up period, and 1 patient developed aseptic loosening of the prosthesis at 25 months postoperatively. (3) The Musculoskeletal Tumour Society scores were significantly increased, while Visual Analog Scale scores were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) at 6 months postoperatively. (4) The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was rated excellent in all 22 patients at the final follow-up. (5) These results suggest that 3D-printed prosthesis is suitable for the reconstruction of large bone defects caused by bone tumor resection. Patients have good postoperative function and few complications. However, further investigations are needed to explore long-term follow-up results. © 2023, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

金属基3D打印支架的构建与功能化研究进展

金属基3D打印支架是用来治疗骨缺损的重要方式。随着科学技术的发展，近年来金属基3D打印支架开始演变出各种功能，主要包括抗菌、载药与药物控释及诱导成骨。为了使金属支架达到不同的功能，需要特定的构建工艺与方式，如改进拓扑结构、微弧氧化、纳米修饰、表面涂层等。本文就目前金属基3D打印支架的构建与功能化在骨科的研究进展做出综述。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/I型胶原复合人工骨组成结构及成骨活性的实验研究

按照仿生的方法合成纳米羟基磷灰石/I型胶原人工骨支架材料.采用扫描电镜、X线衍射分析、孔隙率测定的方法对人工骨支架材料进行分析.制作兔颅骨缺损模型,植入人工骨支架材料,组织切片观察支架材料在体内的反应.纳米羟基磷灰石/I型胶原人工骨支架材料呈疏松海绵状,具有100～300 μm的孔径和90%以上的孔隙率,具有类似天然骨的结构.植入兔颅骨缺损模型未出现急性或慢性的炎症反应,在4周左右人工骨支架内出现大量新生毛细血管,12周新生骨完全修复骨缺损,并形成成熟的骨小梁结构.纳米羟基磷灰石和I型胶原复合人工骨约3个月左右降解完全.     

GBR联合根面平整术治疗下颌阻生智齿拔除后第二磨牙远中骨缺损的临床研究

目的探讨引导骨再生术(guided bone regeneration,GBR)联合根面平整术治疗下颌阻生智齿拔除后第二磨牙远中骨缺损的临床研究。方法选择2020年1月-2021年1月本院口腔颌面外科日常诊疗中要求拔除下颌阻生智齿且第二磨牙远中骨缺损达根长2/3以上的患者100例,按就诊顺序分为对照组、观察组,各50例。对照组行常规阻生智齿微创拔牙手术,观察组在微创拔牙后给予GBR联合根面平整术,比较两组治疗前后效果。结果治疗后6个月,观察组颊侧远中牙周袋深度、远中骨高度指标均较对照组有明显的恢复(P<0.05),且第二磨牙松动、敏感发生率均较对照组低(P<0.05);术后6个月,颊轴角、舌轴角、牙槽嵴顶BC值均较对照组低(P<0.05);术后6个月,观察组RANKL/OPG、IL-1β、IL-23指标水平均较对照组低(P<0.05);术后6个月,观察组生活质量评分各维度评分均较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论GBR联合根面平整术不仅能够修复下颌第二磨牙拔牙后远中骨缺损,降低炎症反应,还能改善术后牙齿敏感、牙齿松动的症状,提高患者术后生活质量,值得推广。     

核素三相骨显像在骨缺损移植修复中的价值

目的评价放射性核素三相骨显像在骨缺缺损移植修复过程中的价值.方法试验动物前肢分为骨形态形成蛋白(BMP)和纤维蛋白粘和剂(FS)复和物组(A)、FS组(B)和空白组(C),于术后1、2、4、8周分别行99mTc-MDP三相骨显像和组织学检查,并把所得结果进行比较.结果三相骨显像A组呈持续高灌注、高摄取,B、C组则在第1、2周为高灌注,而后渐下降.各时间段摄取比组间比较AvsB、AvsC P＜0.001,BvsC术后2周P＜0.05,术后第4、8周P＞0.05.组织学检查与骨显像结果吻合良好.结论三相骨显像是骨缺损修复过程中的一种理想监测方法.     

牛骨形态发生蛋白复合煅烧骨治疗骨缺损的实验研究

目的 :验证从牛皮质骨中提取的骨形态发生蛋白 (bBMP)的异位诱导成骨能力 ,探讨煅桡骨 (SB)作为其载体对骨缺损的治疗作用。方法 :①将bBMP植入 1 6只balb/c小鼠肌袋内 ,每周宰杀 4只行细胞学检查 ,连续 4周。② 1 6只新西兰大白兔手术造成双侧桡骨 1cm缺损 ,分别植入bBMP -SB和SB进行自身对照 ,分批宰杀后行X -线照片和组织学检查。结果 :植入肌袋内的bBMP术后一周即可诱导软骨细胞形成 ,2周时可见编织骨 ,4周时可见小梁骨及骨髓成形。而骨缺损实验中 ,bBMP -SB组在软骨诱导、小梁骨的形成数量、骨折愈合等方面均明显优于单纯SB组。结论 :①bBMP有强大的异位诱导成骨能力 ;②bBMP -SB复合骨可促进骨缺损愈合     

骨膜移植治疗腕关节损伤21例

应用切开复位内固定,同时行骨膜移植治疗腕关节损伤21例。对关节软骨缺损或关节对合不良、高低不平患者,全层切除软骨面,创面修整,严密止血,暴露桡骨、胫骨,切取骨膜10mm×15mm～30mm×40mm大小,将骨膜生发层朝向关节腔,用脑外科M-y生物粘合剂固定。术后石膏固定2周,拆除石膏后,在CPM下功能锻炼3～4周。随访结果均满意。并讨论了操作中的注意事项。     

伴髋臼骨缺损的人工关节置换治疗进展

髋臼骨缺损的修复重建是关节外科难以处理的问题之一,引起髋臼骨缺损的原因很多:1.关节炎如:退行性、风湿性关节炎;2.髋臼发育不良(DDH);3.髋     

胸腰椎压缩性骨折椎体内填充材料的研究进展

<正>各种原因(如创伤、肿瘤、感染、代谢性骨病等)造成的胸腰椎压缩性骨折越来越多,在脊柱手术治疗过程中伤椎复位后椎体内空腔骨缺损导致术后椎体再塌陷,以及伤椎骨缺损成骨修复缓慢,是困扰脊柱外科医生的难题。如何对受伤椎体复位后形成的椎体内空腔骨缺损进行修复重建以及尽可能迅速地、完整地恢复椎体的结构和功能,得到广泛研究。理想的椎体内骨填充材料应具备以下特性:可注射性及可塑性;良好的生物相容性;与人骨组织相近的生物力学性