抗击“非典”期间医院仪器设备存在问题的调研

本文根据对13所接收、治疗过SARS患者的医院仪器设备的使用情况调查,经过分析、研究,总结出曾用于SARS的仪器设备存在的主要问题,并提出了解决问题的方案和建议.     

内皮抑素治疗人喉癌裸鼠模型的实验研究

目的 研究内皮抑素对裸鼠喉鳞状细胞癌皮下移植模型的抑瘤作用,探讨其抑瘤机制及人喉癌生物治疗新方法。方法 建立人喉癌Hep-Ⅱ细胞株裸鼠皮下接种模型。应用内皮抑素治疗,观察肿瘤生长情况,对用药后肿瘤组织进行病理学检查,通用型二步法免疫组化检查及电镜观察。计数微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD),计算增殖细胞核抗原(proliferationg cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)和血管内皮生长因子(vascuoar endothelial growth factor,VEGF)阳性率。结果 在实验组与对照组之间,鼠净重、瘤重、瘤体积及瘤重/鼠净重,经t检验P值<0.05或<0.01,差异均有显著性意义,抑瘤率为45.9％。病理学检查及电镜观察表明,实验组应用内皮抑素治疗肿瘤生长受到抑制,细胞分裂少见,可见肿瘤细胞的坏死凋亡,新生血管明显减少。MVD、PCNA及VEGF表达在实验组明显低于对照组,经t检验P值分别为<0.01、<0.05、<0.05,差异均有显著性意义。结论 内皮抑素可显著抑制人喉癌裸鼠模型肿瘤的生长和发展,其可能机制为抑制肿瘤血管生成。     

鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌中细胞质凋亡抑制蛋白2和半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶4的表达

OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of apoptosis-related genes c-IAP2 and caspase-4 in sinonasal squamous carcinoma. To investigate the role and mechanism of the two apoptosis-related genes in nasal cavity and sinus squamons carcinoma. METHODS: Forty-one pathologically confirmed specimens of nasal cavity and sinus squamons carcinoma were subjected for immunohistochemical staining to analyze the expression of c-IAP2 and caspase-4, in addition 10 normal nasal mucosa were used as control. RESULTS: The positive rate of c-IAP2 in sinonasal squamons carcinoma was 87.8%, among which 14 cases were strongly stained(+ + +), 15 cases were stained(+ +), 7 cases were stained (+), only 5 cases were negative. In 10 normal control tissues, no case was stained(+ + +), 2 cases were stained (+ +), 3 cases were stained(+), the other 5 cases were negative. Higher level expression of c-IAP2 protein was detected more often in squamons carcinoma specimens than that in normal nasal mucosa. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups for the staining(P < 0.05). The expression of c-IAP2 was not correlated with clinical staging (P > 0.05), but there were positive correlation with clinical prognosis (P < 0.01) and pathological classification (P < 0.01); The positive rate of caspase-4 in nasal cavity and sinus squamons carcinoma was 58.5%, among which 4 cases were strongly stained (+ + +), 7 cases were stained (+ +), 13 case was stained(+), 17 cases were negative. The expression of caspase-4 protein was more deletion in squamons carcinoma specimens than that in control group, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups for the staining (P < 0.05). The expression of caspase-4 protein was negatively correlated with clinical prognosis (P < 0.01) and pathological classification ( P < 0.01), not correlated with clinical staging(P > 0.05). The expression of c-IAP2 was negativelly correlated with the experssion of caspase-4. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicates that in sinonasal squamous carcinoma, c-IAP2 is activated, while caspase-4 is restrained, the signal transduction pathway of apoptosis is arrested, leading to surviving of tumor cells, this maybe directly associated with the development of sinonasal squamons carcinoma, and with the failure of tumor trentment.     

非甾体抗炎药与皮质类固醇抑制角膜上皮细胞增殖的实验研究

目的 探讨非甾体抗炎药对角膜上皮细胞体外增殖的抑制作用。方法 选用原代及传代兔角膜上皮细胞，实验组中加入含不同浓度双氯芬酸钠、安贺拉(酮咯酸氨丁三醇)、地塞米松及洁霉素的培养液，对照组加入等量空白培养液，采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测其对细胞增殖的抑制，计算出抑制率并进行比较。结果 双氯芬酸钠、安贺拉(酮咯酸氨丁三醇)、地塞米松及洁霉素对角膜上皮细胞增殖均有抑制作用。双氯芬酸钠与安贺拉3个对应浓度的比较中，24h时双氯芬酸钠抑制率分别为61．4％、42．1％及0，安贺拉组均为0；48h时双氯芬酸钠抑制率分别为81．0％、70．2％、47．6％，安贺拉抑制率分别为38．1％、31．0％和0；72h时双氯芬酸钠抑制率分别为95．0％、95．0％、54．0％，安贺拉抑制率分别为59．1％、47．2％和33．2％．在双氯芬酸钠与地塞米松及洁霉素的原液浓度比较中，24、48、72h时双氯芬酸钠抑制率分别为93．0％、94．0％、96．0％，洁霉素为24．6％、51．2％、79．1％，地塞米松为45．6％、69．0％、80．0％．在双氯芬酸钠与地塞米松及洁霉素的二分之一原液浓度比较中，24、48、72h时双氯芬酸钠抑制率分别为68．4％、91．7％、95．0％，洁霉素为12．3％、26．2％、49．0％，地塞米松为12．3％、54．6％、55．0％．结论 非甾体抗炎药双氯芬酸钠与安贺拉对角膜上皮细胞增殖均有抑制作用，以双氯芬酸钠抑制作用最强，强于传统抗增殖药地塞米松，在抑制LASIK术后上皮植入方面有广泛的应用前景。     

翼状胬肉上皮细胞基质金属蛋白酶Ⅱ的表达

翼状胬肉是眼科常见病，对其病变本质及发病机制仍有争论。病理学研究认为，胬肉上皮细胞在其形成中起关键作用。本研究以人翼状胬肉上皮细胞为研究对象，同时检测培养的结膜及翼状胬肉上皮细胞MMP2表达水平，探讨其与翼状胬肉形成、发展的关系。     

选择性视网膜色素上皮光凝治疗中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变

20世纪90年代初,国外提出了采用微脉冲激光进行选择性视网膜色素上皮细胞光凝(selective retinal pigment epithelium laser treatment,SRT)治疗黄斑部疾病的新概念。在最早开展这一项目的德国累根斯堡大学眼科医院中收集、整理了一组采用SRT治疗中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)的病例,现报道如下。     

肿瘤坏死因子相关诱导凋亡配体与放化疗联用对喉癌细胞的协同杀伤效应及机制

Objective To determine the sensitivity of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis in Hep-2 cells by means of systematically evaluating the cytotoxicity of TRAIL alone and TRAIL in combination with chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin, paclitaxel) or radiation in Hep-2 cells in vitro, and whether the synergistic killing effects correlated with the expression level of TRAIL receptors and the activity of caspnse-8 or caspase-9. Methods The cytotoxicities of TRAIL, cisplatin and paclitaxel were investigated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The expression levels of four TRAIL receptors in Hep-2 cells after treated by TRAIL, chemotherapeutic agents or radiation alone and by combined treatments were measured by flow eytometry and Western blotting respectively. The growth inhibition effects of caspase-8 or caspase-9 inhibitor on Hep-2 cells were determined by CCK-8 assay, and the activities of caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were measured by Western blotting. Results The half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) of TRAIL to Hep-2 ceils on 24 h was 596. 92 μg/L Cisplatin, paclitaxel and radiation had synergistic inhibitory effects with TRAIL on the growth of Hep-2 cell line. After the activity of caspase-9 was inhibited by Z-LETD-FMK, the inhibition effects of TRAIL, cisplatin and paclitaxel on Hep-2 cells decreased significantly (all P < 0. 05). The expressions of caspase-8, caspase-9 and the death receptors (DR4 and DR5) increased significantly (all P < 0. 05) after combined administration. Conclusions Hep-2 cells are resistant to the apoptosis induced by TRAIL and TRAIL can induce the apoptosis of Hep-2 cells through the endogenous apeptotic pathway. The increase of death receptors expression by chemotherapeutic agents or radiation could enhance the sensitivity of Hep-2 cells to TRAIL and the synergistic killing effects.     

原发性乳腺鳞状细胞癌临床病理分析

回顾性分析11例原发性乳腺鳞状细胞癌（primary squamous cell careinoma of the breast,PSCCB）患者的临床病理资料.11例均行手术治疗,术后病理检查4例发生腋窝淋巴结转移,生存超过5年的7例,3例死于肿瘤复发和转移.回顾性研究的结果提示,PSCCB患者的临床表现与普通类型的乳腺癌比较无特异性,确诊需依据病理诊断,由于其发病率低,规范的治疗和预后评价有待进一步研究.     

激光捕获显微切割结合RNA线性扩增技术在膀胱移行细胞癌相关基因研究中的应用

目的当对有间质细胞混杂的膀胱移行上皮细胞与膀胱移行细胞癌进行基因差异表达分析时,激光捕获显微切割技术(lasercap-turemicrodissection,LCM)是不可缺少的,然而从LCM所得的细胞中获取足够RNA量相当困难。本文首次将LCM与RNA线性扩增结合用于膀胱癌相关基因研究,目的是确定一条切实可行的技术路线,将膀胱移行上皮细胞从膀胱粘膜中分离出来,将膀胱癌细胞从肿瘤间质细胞中分离出来,并对其进行RNA体外线性扩增,以备进一步研究。方法采用LCM技术分别从正常膀胱粘膜及膀胱癌组织冰冻切片中获取膀胱移行上皮细胞及膀胱癌细胞,提取RNA,并对微量RNA进行体外线性扩增。然后用RT-PCR验证扩增前、后RNA中β-actin基因表达水平。结果对照实验I证实经LCM后RNA完整性较好;经对照实验Ⅱ初步确定设定条件下LCMshooting次数与可获得RNA量间对应关系。从膀胱粘膜种捕获膀胱移行上皮细胞25万shootings;从膀胱癌组织中获取癌细胞20万shootings。产物RNA扩增后获得片段大小为0.5-2.5kh的aRNA,且β-actin基因表达表达完整。结论LCM结合RNA体外线性扩增技术能成功地获取较为单一的研究目的细胞,扩增后RNA完整性较好,能用于进一步研究中。     

非典型抗精神病药物的副作用

抗精神病药物代谢副作用从上世纪开始已引起人们的关注，但主要是研究其对神经系统的作用。随着副作用案例的增多，人们发现其导致糖尿病的副作用更严重。本文检索Medline 1996年至2003年6月有关氨磺必利、阿立哌唑、氯氮平、奥氮平、喹硫平、利培酮、齐拉西酮及佐替平致糖尿病的文献报道，总结了这些药物的副作用及可能的作用机制，并为如何选用这些药物及用药期间注意事项提出了建议。