骨髓间充质干细胞在骨科中的应用研究进展

在骨髓基质中存在一种非造血系的干细胞称为间充质干细胞（bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells简称BMSCs）。在不同的理化环境和细胞因子的诱导下，BMSCs具有可分化为成骨细胞、软骨细胞、脂肪细胞、肌腱细胞、肌管细胞、肌肉细胞甚至神经元样细胞，即多系分化潜能，且分化后各种组织细胞有很强的增殖能力。     

不同取皮方法、创面不同处理对烧伤手术供皮区愈合影响的研究

目的回顾性研究了我院近5年来烧伤病人供皮区取皮方法的改进和供皮区创面用药的变化与供皮区创面愈合时间的变化。方法总结了我院自2002年以来收治的烧伤住院手术病人1523例,按辊轴手取刀与电动取皮刀,比较了取皮创面基底的均匀程度及创面愈合后边缘是否整齐;创面应用重组人表皮生长因子(rhEGF)与创面单纯应用油纱布在创面愈合时间的对比。结果电动取皮刀在供皮区创面取皮时所取的供皮厚度明显均匀,创面愈合后边缘整齐;应用重组人表皮生长因子(rhEGF)的创面愈合时间比单纯应用油纱布的创面愈合时间明显缩短。结论应用电动取皮刀取皮,可以使皮片厚度均匀,创面愈合后边缘整齐;创面应用rhEGF,能明显加快创面愈合,有利于烧伤创面的愈合。     

Toll样受体与移植免疫

Toll样受体在启动细胞固有免疫应答中发挥重要作用，并参与同种移植物的免疫识别，进一步研究固有免疫如何影响器官移植可能有助于改进对移植受体的治疗。本文就Toll样受体家族及其配体、传导通路在移植免疫中的作用等进行综述。     

IGF-1R硫代反义寡核苷酸抗人肝癌裸鼠原位移植瘤的研究

目的探讨IGF-1R硫代反义寡核苷酸（IGF-1R APSODN）对人肝癌裸鼠原位移植瘤的治疗效果及毒性作用。方法构建40只人肝癌裸鼠原位移植瘤模型，设溶剂对照组、IGF-1R APSODN（75，50，25mg／kg）三剂量组及氟尿嘧啶阳性对照组，各组裸鼠静脉给药25次，用药期间监测裸鼠体重变化，实验结束后行全血分析，肝肿瘤体积、重量测量，计算抑瘤率，病理组织学检查。重复实验一次。结果两次实验IGF-1R APSODN各剂量组肝肿瘤体积和重量均小于溶剂对照组，其中75mg／kg组抑瘤率分别为76．36％、71．81％，50mg／kg组抑瘤率分别为55．65％、61．74％，25mg／kg组抑瘤率分别为47．72％、50．34％。结论IGF-1R APSODN是一种高效、低毒的抗肝癌生物学药物。     

异丙酚对脂多糖诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞Toll样受体-4 mRNA表达的影响

目的 观察异丙酚对脂多糖（LPS）诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞Toll样受体-4（TLR-4）mRNA表达的影响，探讨异丙酚抑制LPS诱导白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF—α）产生的机制。方法 雄性Wistar大鼠32只，处死后分离腹腔巨噬细胞，随机分为4组（n=8）：A组（阴性对照组）；B组LPS（终浓度为1μg／ml）／加入巨噬细胞中；C组LPS（终浓度为1μg／ml）＋异丙酚（终浓度为1μg／ml）加入巨噬细胞中；D组LPS（终浓度为1μg／ml）＋异丙酚（终浓度为5μg／ml）加入巨噬细胞中。细胞培养12h后。用ELISA方法检测培养上清液中IL-6、TNF-α的浓度，用RT-PCR方法检测TLR-4mRNA的表达水平。结果 与A组相比，B组IL-6、TNF-α和TLR-4m RNA水平均增加，C组IL-6、TLR-4m RNA水平升高（P〈0．01）；与B组相比，C组、D组IL-6、TNF-α和TLR-4m RNA水平降低（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。结论 异丙酚通过下调TLR-4m RNA的表达水平，从而一定程度上抑制了LPS诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，TNF-α和IL-6的产生。     

前列腺囊肿的诊断与治疗

目的：分析前列腺囊肿的诊治现状，以提高前列腺囊肿的诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析1994年1月～2006年9月收治的18例前列腺囊肿患者的临床资料；2例患者采用TURP术治疗，12例采用超声引导下经会阴前列腺囊肿穿刺硬化剂治疗，4例保守治疗。结果：2例手术患者梗阻解除，排尿满意；12例穿刺患者症状于1～3周后逐渐消失，无不良反应和并发症；4例小囊肿随访1～1．5年，囊肿增大不明显。结论：选择治疗方案应根据患者的年龄、临床症状、囊肿大小、囊肿部位定。前列腺囊肿穿刺硬化剂治疗，具有损伤小、疗效满意、并发症少、治疗过程简单的优点，是一种比较理想的治疗方法。     

阿片受体在异氟醚延迟预处理减轻兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of opioid receptors in the protective effects of isoflurane-induced delayed preconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods Forty male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly assigned into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (S); group II I/R; group Ⅲ isoflurane + I/R (Iso) and group IV Iso + naloxone + I/R (Nal). Myocardial I/R was induced by 40 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch (LAD) of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group Ⅲ (Iso) 2% isoflurane in 100% O2 was inhaled for 2 h and I/R was produced 24 h later. In group IV (Nal) naloxone 6 mg/kg was given iv 10 min before 2 h of 2% isoflurane inhalation and I/R was produced 24 h later. At the end of 120 min reperfusion, infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR) were determined by Evan's blue and TTC staining. Myocardial ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy. The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was determined by Western blot. Results The IS was significantly smaller in group Iso ( Ⅲ ) ( 19.7% ± 2.8%) than in I/R group ( II ) (37.8% ±1.7%) (P<0.05). The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was significantly lower in group Iso than in group I/R. Microscopic examination showed less myocardial damage in Iso group than in group I/R. The protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane was prevented by naloxone pretreatment. ConclusionOpioid receptors may be involved in the protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane against myocardial I/R injury.     

罗格列酮对多囊肾囊肿衬里上皮细胞p38促分裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway in polycystic kidney cyst-lining epithelial cells. Methods The cyst-lining epithelial cells (PKD cells) from human polycystic kidney were treated with rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662 (10 μmol/L), rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L) +GW9662 (10 μmol/L), p38MAPK specific inhibitor SB203580 (10 μmol/L), SB203580 (10 μmol/L)+ rosiglitazone(10 μmol/L) for 2 hours followed by epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Protein expressions of p38, phuspho-p38 (p-p38) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected by Western blot. p38 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR. Expression of c-fos and c-jun was observed by immunocytochemistry. Results (1) EGF markedly up-regulated the expressions of p38, p-p38, PCNA, c-fos anti c-jun compared with control group (P<0.01). (2) Compared with EGF treated group, rosiglitazone significantly reduced p38 activation and mRNA expression (P<0.01, respectively). Rosiglitazone, rosiglitazone+SB203580 could significantly down-regulated p-p38, PCNA, c-fos and c-jun expression (P<0.01, respectively) with no significant difference between these two groups. (3) GW9662 partially reversed the reduction effect of rosiglitazone. Conclusions Rosiglitazone can inhibit proliferation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease cyst-lining epithelial cells partially through down-regulating p38 activation and reducing c-fos, c-jun and PCNA expression. The above effect of rosiglitazone is in part PPARγ-independcnt.     

腹腔镜小儿胆总管囊肿切除及肝管空肠吻合手术配合

对10例小儿腹腔镜下行先天性胆总管囊肿切除及肝管空肠吻合的手术配合进行总结.提出术前充分的准备,术中巡回护士、器械护士娴熟的配合是缩短手术时间,提高手术成功率的重要保评.     

腘窝囊肿压迫致腓总神经损伤一例

患者 女性,52岁,因左腘窝肿块4个月伴小腿麻木1个月入院.患者4个月前发现左侧腘窝内侧有一直径约5 mm肿块,主诉无疼痛及其他特殊不适.于当地医院就诊时行彩超检查示左腘窝囊肿,未行特殊处理.后肿块逐渐增大,入院前1个月以来感觉左小腿外侧及左足背皮肤麻木.入院后查体:左侧腘窝内侧扪及一约3 cm×2 cm肿块,质中、张力较大、活动可、边界清、无压痛.左侧小腿外侧、左足背皮肤感觉减退.左腓骨颈部Tinal征(+).我院肌电图检查示左侧腓总神经部分损伤.