关节内骨折的影像学诊断和治疗

1 关节内骨折的影像学诊断 关节内骨折的诊断要遵循临床和影像学检查相结合的原则，认真、全面、细致地进行体检，这是避免漏诊误诊的基础。随着影像学技术的发展，我们已经能够通过CT、MRI、计算机图像重建技术和关节镜检查等手段，对关节软骨损伤、韧带损伤、软骨下微小骨折及关节内骨折移位等做出及时、全面和准确的判断。     

超声诊断双胎输血综合征1例

患者女,29岁。孕2流1,停经17周例行产前检查。其夫家族中有多胎妊娠史。超声显示:宫内大小不一的双胎,小胎儿死亡,沉于宫底。大胎儿可见胎动及胎心搏动,头皮及胸腹壁组织水肿,胎心率143次/分,律齐,心胸比0.41,三尖瓣关闭不全,三尖瓣-右房大量花束样返流,肠间隙可见积液的无回声区。脐动脉:S/D:4.5;RI:0.78;PI:1.34。大小胎儿径线测值对比:双顶径36/29mm;头围121/103mm;腹围133/85mm;股骨长20/14mm;估计体重189/97g;估计孕周17周/15周。两胎儿共用一胎盘,大胎儿(受血儿)侧胎盘厚径33mm,内部回声稍增强;小胎儿(供血儿)侧胎盘厚径20mm,内部…     

有机磷中毒胃肠道内毒物清除方法的改进

目的：彻底清除胃肠道内毒物，提高有机磷中毒患者的抢救成功率。方法：本科自2004年至今对45例有机磷中毒患者，运用新方法清除毒物。结果：死亡1例，其余患者抢救成功。均未发生“反跳”。结论：新方法能有效清除胃肠道内毒物，提高抢救成功率，值得推广。     

幽门管溃疡206例内镜下特点

在内镜下，幽门管溃疡是指发生在幽门通向十二指肠球部一段长约0．5～1．0cm管腔的溃疡，属消化性溃疡的特殊类型。我们经内镜检出206例，现将其特点总结如下。     

子宫内膜异位症的诊治进展

子宫内膜异位症（简称内异症）是当前妇产科临床最为关注的疾病之一。关注的主要问题是：日趋增加的发病率，病因的不明确，它与不孕的关系以及需要进一步探索的诊断及治疗方法。随着内异症认识的不断深入，在诊断和治疗方面也取得了长足的进展。     

急性心肌梗死PTCA及支架植入术后的康复护理

近年来，随着介入心脏病学的迅速发展，经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成形术（Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty，PTCA）及冠状动脉支架植入术已成为治疗冠心病的重要方法之一。国内外在急性心肌梗死PTCA及支架植入术后患者的早期康复医疗方面已有较多研究，并在实践中证明，进行早期康复治疗能延长患者寿命及降低病死率。本院对58例此类患者进行早期康复活动观察，观察介入患者的最佳康复时间和指标，现将结果报道如下。     

冠脉再成形术的美国老年人的种族差异

众多临床报道称,在过去20年中接受冠脉搭桥术(CABG)者中可能存在种族差异。然而关于接受冠脉再成形术老人中是否亦同样存在种族差异迄今罕有报道。本文意就自1990年以来,美国国内接受CABG和经皮腔内冠脉成形术(FTCA)老人的种族差异进行了评价。     

换位思考在临床护理带教中的应用

换位思考即指人们对各种事物或现象能从对方的角度去思考和理解。在临床护理带教中运用换位思考，以培养学生学习知识的能力，培养非智力品质和全面的专业知识为目的的教学已成为必然趋势。遵循培养目标与社会需求相结合，能力培养与素质教育相结合的原则，现将本人带教体会总结如下。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.